2016同等学力申硕英语阅读理解巩固练习
篇二：
There are hidden factors which scientists call“feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Here’s one example：plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade，vegetation(植物)may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a year-faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000 kilometre-wide strip of forest running through Canada，the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires，releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.
There are dozens of other possible“feedback mechanisms”. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness，which may actually damp down global warming. Others，like the“albedo”effect，will do the opposite. The“albedo”effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth’s surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes(戳)through，more heat will be absorbed，adding to the global temperature increase.
Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.
Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the world’s energy is consumed by a quarter of the world’s population. The average rich world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere，more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US，with just 7 percent of the global population，is responsible for 22 percent of global warming.
1.“Feedback mechanisms”in paragraph 1 most probably refer to .
A. how plants and animals adapt to hidden factors
B. how plants and animals interact with the changing climate
C. how climate changes
D. how climate zones shift
2.James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by .
A. the cutting of many treesB. desirable environmental changes
C. successful migration of speciesD. unsuccessful migration of trees
3.We can learn from the passage that .
A. some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warming
B. the basic facts of global warming are unknown
C. developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuels
D. developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption
4.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumption
B. a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere
C. the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse-gas emissions
D. future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels
5.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. Material Progress and Energy Consumption.
B. Prosperity and Cheap Fossil Fuels.
C. Impact of Global Warming on Climate.
D. Plants and Animals in the Changing Climate.
【答案解析】：
有一些隐性因素科学家称之为“反馈机制”。没有人确切地知道它们是怎样与变化的气候相互作用。举一个例子：许多世纪以来，植物和动物适应气候的变化。根据目前的估计，温度每十年上升0.5摄氏度，植物可能赶不上这一速度。气候学家詹姆斯·汉森预计，气候带每年将向极地转移50～75公里，比树木自然迁移的速度快。那些发觉自己生活于一个不熟悉环境的物种将会灭绝。横跨加拿大、苏联和斯堪的纳维亚1000公里宽的森林带将会减少一半。不久，数百万濒临死亡的树木会导致大规模森林火灾，并释放出成吨的二氧化碳，加速全球变暖。
可能还有一些其他的“反馈机制”。更高的温度将加速浓缩，增加阴暗度。这实际上可能抑制全球变暖。其他的“反馈机制”，像“反射”效应，将会起到相反的作用。“反射”效应指的是地球表面反射的太阳能量。随着北极冰雪的融化，更深的海洋和陆地显现出来，吸收更多的热量，导致全球温度上升。
即使我们明天就可以神奇地停止排放所有温室气体，温室气体对全球气候的影响仍然会持续几十年。延误只会使问题变得更糟。事实上，我们中的一些人按事情固有的方式做得非常好。在一些发达国家，繁荣建立在150年来使用廉价矿物燃料之上。
物质的进步与能源的消耗联系在一起了。如今25%的人消耗了世界上75%的能源。在富裕国家，平均每人每年向大气释放约3.2吨二氧化碳，是第三世界国家每个公民的4倍多。美国只有全球7%的人口，但是它应该为全球变暖承担22%的责任。
1.【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】“反馈机制”在第1段最有可能指的是 。
A. 植物和动物是如何适应隐性因素的
B. 植物和动物如何适应不断改变的气候的
C. 气候如何变化
D. 气候地带是如何变化的
线索：文章的第1段提到“plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.”表明正确答案为B。选项C和选项D在文章的第1段提到了，但和反馈机制无任何关系。只是说明植物和动物适应气候的一个因素。
2.【正确答案】D
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】James Hansen 预测气温带的改变将会伴随 。
A. 许多树木的减少B. 令人渴望的环境变化
C. 物种的成功移动D. 不成功的树木迁移
线索：文章的第1段提到“Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.”表明选项D是正确答案。选项A和本题干没有直接的关联。
3.【正确答案】A
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】根据本文章，我们可知 。
A. 一些反馈机制也许会减缓全球变暖
B. 全球变暖的基本事实仍然不为人所知
C. 发展中国家可以从便宜的化石燃料获得利益
D. 发达国家已经决定减少他们的能源消耗
线索：文章的第2段提到“There are dozens of other possible.”“feedback mechanisms.” “Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness，which may actually damp down global warming.”表明选项A是正确答案。选项B在原文中没有提到。选项C的内容和原文的内容不符合：“In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.”原文是发达国家。选项D在文章中没有提到。
4.【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节推断
【解析过程】从文中我们可以推知： 。
A. 发展中国家已经决定增加它的能源消耗
B. 一个第三世界的居民每年向大气层增加的二氧化碳少于一吨
C. 如果我们停止温室气体的排放，世界气候很快就会获得它的平衡
D. 全世界将来的繁荣依靠便宜的矿物燃料
线索：文章的第4段提到“The average rich world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere，more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项C和原文的内容第3段“Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse.”不符合。选项D在文章中没有提到。
5.【正确答案】C
【考点类型】主旨判断
【解析过程】下面哪句是文章的主题?
A. 物质发展和能源消耗B. 繁荣和廉价矿物燃料
C. 全球变暖对气候的影响D. 气候不断改变下的植物和动物
综观整篇文章，选项B肯定不会是正确答案。选项A和文章的主题“反馈机制”也根本不符合。选项D只是在文章的第1段提到了，它也只是一个事例。所以选项C是正确答案。
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