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介词 which 定语从句
which引导定语从句，当定语从句中的which是做介词的宾语，就要在which前加介词。以下是小编收集整理的关于介词 which 定语从句的内容，仅供参考！
1、语法作用：
“介词＋关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语：
（1）表示地点，时间和原因的“介词＋which”分别相当于where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）
The earth on which／where we live is a planet.
I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.
I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.
Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？
（2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
Do it the way I showed you.
2、“of＋which”起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物），其词序通常是“n.＋of which”。
They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.
He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.
3、可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
4、介词的选择（选择介词时须考虑下列情况）
（1）介词与先行词的习惯搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in与way是习惯搭配）
（2）介词与定语从句中的动词，形容词的习惯搭配
These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是习惯搭配）
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是习惯搭配）
（3）同形的先行词，或定语从句中的动词，形容词表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义选用不同的介词。
I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.
age在前句中意为“年岁”，与at搭配；在后句中意为“时期”，与in搭配。
（4）复杂介词须保持其完整形式，常见的复杂介词有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。
We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.
（5）短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此时可用which，who，whom或that，也可将他们省略。
（误）This is the girl of whom he will take care.
（正）This is the girl whom he will take careof.
（6）当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密（但不是短语动词）时，介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密时，则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较：
The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.
后句中的in若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感，这时宜将介词置于关系代词前；而前句中的to则可后置。
5、关系代词的选择
用于介词后的关系代词只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）
We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）
which定语从句例句
which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法， 即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解）， which仍在定语从句中作主语、 宾语或表语。例如：
He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了， 这是对他成功的一种庆祝。
把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境， 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句， which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，which常可译为“这一点， 这件事”。
［考题1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre， ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）
A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰the shopping centre， 应选用D选项中的关系代词which， which在该定语从句中充当主语。
［考题2］ York， ____ last year， is a nice old city. （2003北京）
A. that I visitedB. which I visited
C. where I visitedD. in which I visited
［答案］ B
［解析］ 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰York， 在定语从句中充当及物动词visit的宾语， 应选用B选项中的`关系代词which.
［考题3］ He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （1990）
A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰windows， 在定语从句中充当介词of的宾语， 应选用D选项中的关系代词which.
［考题4］ The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江苏）
A. whoB. thatC. asD. which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”所表示的情况， 应选用C选项中的关系代词which， 在该定语从句中充当主语。
［考题5］ Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ____， of course， made the others unhappy. （2000）
A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what
［答案］ B
［解析］ 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play”所表示的情况， 应选用B选项中的关系代词which， 在该定语从句中充当主语。
［考题6］ The result of the experiment was very good， ____ we hadn’t expected. （2000北京、 安徽春）
A. when B. thatC. whichD. what
［答案］ C
［解析］ 引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“the result of the experiment was very good”所表示的情况， 应选用C选项中的关系代词which， 在该定语从句中充当及物动词expect的宾语。
［考题7］ The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004）
A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which
［答案］ C
［解析］ 表示“在英语剧中”应用介词in， 因此在修饰先行词play的限定性定语从句中也应用介词in与指代先行词play的关系代词which连用， 本题只能选C.注意： 本题中which充当置于定语从句中最前面的介词in的宾语（in which在整个定语从句中充当状语）。
［考题8］ I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was， she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. （2006重庆）
A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 表示“从他来的方向跑回去”， 应选用介词from.下划线处是引导修饰direction的定语从句。
［考题9］ Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南）
A. thatB. in whichC. by whichD. how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 题干句意为： Frank的梦想是拥有一家可以生产自己的手工制品的商店。in which相当于in the shop的含义， 最适合引导定语从句。
［考题10］ I was given three books on cooking， the first ____ I really enjoyed. （2006浙江）
A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which
［答案］ B
［解析］ of which表示the first of three books的含义， 介词of不可以省略， that不可以紧跟介词后引导定语从句， 因此应选B.
［考题11］ He was educated at a local grammar school，____ he went on to Cambridge. （2005山东）
A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this
［答案］ C
［解析］ this不能引导定语从句修饰前面的school， 介词后的关系代词不能是that， 因此应排除选项B和D； 由于此处which 指代前面整个主句， 全句意为“他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育之后， 又去了剑桥。”， 介词应选用 after， 因此应进一步排除选项A而选出C.
定语从句which
关系代词which引导的定语从句， 指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。多数情况下，可与that互换。但是要注意当从句中，介词提前只能用which，而且，在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的句子单独翻译为一句话。
(1)“the ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders。”(2007-4-3)
考点：board董事会，be responsible for代表， on behalf of代表(注意在写作中的应用)，shareholder股东
解析：这个句子难度为低级，划横线部分为主句只有一个难点就是which的先行词是谁，是句子还是前面的一个名词，很显然，这个句子中是指市场价值，而不是这种能力。
翻译：保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键，董事会代表股东对市场价值负有责任。
难点总结：介词短语，which的先行词，非限制性定语从句一般翻译为一个单句。
(2)in europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。
考点：multi-media 传媒集团(最好不要翻译为多媒体集团)， bring together 组织，集合，work in relation to one another 彼此协作，publishing houses出版社
解析：此句难度为高级，划线部分为主句， 冒号后是主句的同位语，由which引导的定语从句来修饰groups，句尾还有that引导的定语从句来修饰television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。as在这个句子中是副词，修饰副词elsewhere,翻译为“就像在其他地方一样”。
翻译：在欧洲，就像在其他地方一样，多媒体集团越来越成功了，这些集团把相互之间有紧密联系的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。
难点总结：确认关系代词which，that的先行词(记得当先行词是两个或者两个以上的人或者物时，关系代词要用that。)，as的用法。
(3)dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。(2006-3-4)
考点：take into account考虑(注意要用在写作中，尤其是建议信中例如：you need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)
解析：这个句子难度为低级。which在此指代的是a correct baseline。
翻译：麦尔斯博士和沃姆博士指出，他们的工作确定了一个准确的底线，未来的管理必须将其考虑进去。
难点总结：确定which的先行词。
(4)for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。
考点：semiconductor半导体，casualty伤亡，
解析：这个句子难度为高级，这个句子是主句里套从句，从句里又套从句的结构，所以分清楚主句特别重要，主句为划线部分，其中as though 引导一个方式状语从句，这个从句中又有一个由which(先行词为the making of semiconductors)引导的非限制性定语从句。
翻译：曾有一段时间，似乎半导体制造业是另一
个将要覆没的产业，要知道半导体正是美国人所发明，它在计算机新时代起着核心作用。
难点总结：注意句子结构。注意各个连词的指代和意义。
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