which 定语从句

　　定语从句中的which该如何使用呢?下面是小编分享的which定语从句相关内容，希望能帮助到你。

　　Which 和that同为关系代词，都可指物，并且有时会觉得用that 也可以，用which 也没错。但在哪些情况下是只能用which的呢?

　　1.在非限定性定语从句中，无论如何也不能用that

　　A.This brunch of carnation, which is wound by silk ribbon ,is the first gift to my mom.

　　这束康乃馨是送给妈妈的第一份礼物，它被丝带所缠绕。

　　B.These books,which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information.

　　这本书你可以在镇里的各个角落获取得到，它会给你所有的信息。

　　2.关系代词前面出现介词时

　　A.Those days in which you could travel without a passport has gone.

　　那些你不用带护照可以旅行的日子一去不复返了。

　　B.That`s the motel at which we stayed several years ago.

　　那是我们许多年以前停留的汽车旅馆。(此处which不可替换为that)

　　3.当先行词本身为that(指代)时

　　A.what about that which had appeared in recent activities.

　　那个怎么样，在最近的活动中出现过. (结合具体语境看that所指代的是什么)

　　B.The knowledge are from various fields and that which display the waves of human being.

　　知识来自不同领域并且它也彰显这人类的智慧。(从句中that指前面的知识，只能用which作关系词)

　　4当先行词是baby, child等词时

　　A.Have you notice that child which has lost his way to home in the supermarket ?

　　在超市，你注意到那个找不到回家路的孩子了吗?

　　that与which的用法区别

　　1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：

　　The current,whichis very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。

　　He has to work on Sundays,whichhe doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。

　　The London team,whichplayed so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。

　　2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：

　　She may be late, inwhichcase we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。

　　The documents forwhichthey were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。

　　This morning some port wine came, forwhichI have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。

　　注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：

　　He had only the long nights inwhichhe could . =He had only the long nights inwhichto . 他只有漫漫长夜可用来。

　　He had a couple of revolvers withwhichhe could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers withwhichto defend himself. 他只有一两把枪用来自卫。

　　3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that： Allthatshe lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。

　　Have you everythingthatyou need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?

　　The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everythingthatwas said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。 She would never do anythingthatwas not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。

　　4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that： This is the only examplethatI know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。 Those are the very wordsthathe used. 那是他的原话。

　　5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：

　　This is the best dictionarythatI’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

　　The first thingthatyou should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

　　6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：

　　China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

　　7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：

　　They talked about the persons and thingsthatmost impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

　　8. 当要避免重复时：

　　Whichis the coursethatwe are to take? 我们选哪门课程?

　　当先行词指物时只能用that而不能用which的几种常见情况

　　1 先行词为 all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little 等不定代词时。

　　如 There is nothingthatcan stop him from doing it

　　2 先行词前有 last, next, only，very 及序数词、最高级等修饰时。如This is the most interesting filmthatwas shown last week这是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。

　　The only thingthatthey can do is to wait他们唯一能做的事就是等待。

　　3 先行词前有序数词或最高级等修饰时。

　　如This is the second computerthatfather has just bought

　　这是爸爸刚刚买的第二台电脑。

　　This is the very pen (that) you bought yesterday

　　这正是你昨天买的笔。

　　4当先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　如Sally is talking about the writer and his bookthatinterests her 萨丽在谈论这位作家及能使她感兴趣的这位作家的书。

　　5 当主语是 who 的疑问句。

　　如Who is the boythatis playing computer games?

　　在玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁?

　　当先行词指物时，只能用which而不能用that的场合

　　1关系代词前有介词时。

　　如This is the house inwhichTom once lived这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。

　　2 在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。

　　如 They are talking about the TV play,whichthey saw last night 他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。

　　介词which定语从句

　　1、语法作用：

　　“介词＋关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语：

　　（1）表示地点，时间和原因的“介词＋which”分别相当于where，when，why。

　　I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）

　　The earth on which／where we live is a planet.

　　I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.

　　I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.

　　Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？

　　（2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。

　　I really don”t like the way that he talks.

　　That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.

　　Do it the way I showed you.

　　2、“of＋which”起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物），其词序通常是“n.＋of which”。

　　They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.

　　He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.

　　3、可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

　　There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　4、介词的选择（选择介词时须考虑下列情况）

　　（1）介词与先行词的习惯搭配

　　There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in与way是习惯搭配）

　　（2）介词与定语从句中的动词，形容词的习惯搭配

　　These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是习惯搭配）

　　The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是习惯搭配）

　　（3）同形的先行词，或定语从句中的动词，形容词表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义选用不同的介词。

　　I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.

　　That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.

　　age在前句中意为“年岁”，与at搭配；在后句中意为“时期”，与in搭配。

　　（4）复杂介词须保持其完整形式，常见的复杂介词有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。

　　We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.

　　They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.

　　（5）短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此时可用which，who，whom或that，也可将他们省略。

　　（误）This is the girl of whom he will take care.

　　（正）This is the girl whom he will take careof.

　　（6）当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密（但不是短语动词）时，介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密时，则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较：

　　The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.

　　后句中的in若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感，这时宜将介词置于关系代词前；而前句中的to则可后置。

　　5、关系代词的选择

　　用于介词后的关系代词只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。

　　There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）

　　We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）

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