6月大学英语四级真题试卷答案详解
B)EDX.the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologY(MIT)to offer courses on the Internet.has just introduced such a system and will make its automated(自动的)software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers,freeing professors for other tasks
48.The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.
M)Last year the Hewlett Foundation，a grant—making organization set up by one of the Hewlett—Packard founders and his wife. sponsored two $100.000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers.More than 150 teams entered each category.A winner of one of the Hewlett contests，Vik Paruchuri，was hired by EDX to help design its assessment software.
49.Though the automated grading system is widely used in multiple—choice tests automated essay grading is still criticized by many educators.
C)The new service will bring the educational consortium(联盟)into a growing conflict over the role of automation in education.Although automated grading systems for multiple..choice and true—false tests are now widespread，the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answer.Hasnotyet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.
50.Some people don’t befieve the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.
E)But skeptics(怀疑者)say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtime critic，Les Perelman，has drawn national attention several timesfor putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks.He hasalso beenhighly critical of studies claiming that thesoftwarec0mpareswellto human graders.
51.Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famous universities.
Q)“Often they come from very famous institutions where， in fact，they do a much better job of providing feedback than a machine ever could，”Dr.Shermissaid."Thereseemst0bealack0fappreciation ofWhatisactuallygoing oninthe real world".
52.Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computer rating programs.
G)“Let’S face the realities of automatic essay scorin9，”the group’S statement reads in part.“Computers cannot ‘read’They cannot measure the essentials o effectivewrittenc0mmnicati0n;accuracy, reas0，ningade quacy of evidence,good sense,ethical (伦理的)position，convincing argument，meaningfulorganization,and clarityamong others.".
53.As class size grows，most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how to improve their writin9.
P)Withincreasingly large classes,it is impossible for m0stteachersto9ivestudents meaningful feedbackonwriting assignments,he said.Plus，he noted，critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’S best universities，where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.
54.The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.
J)EDX is not the first to use the automated assessnlent technology，which dates to early computers in the l960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers.and four states Louisiana，North Dakota，Utah and West Virginia--are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth。Indiana.has experimented with it.In some cases the software is used as a"second reader,"to checkthe reliability of the human graders.
55.Students find instant feedback helps improve their learning considerably.
D)Anant Agarwal，an electrical engineer who is president of EDX. predicted that the instant—grading software would be a useful teaching tool，enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers.He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom systern.where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback，”Dr.Agarwal said.“Students are telling as they learn much better with instant feedback.”
(56)关于“工作-生活平衡”的无休止的争论经常包括一个给人希望的注释，那就是全职父亲。如果美国社会和企业不会给那些决定当妈妈的未来女性领导者更多方便的话，仍然能够带来一丝希望的是越来越多的全职父亲会给她们更多便利。(57)但是基于现在的社会经济趋势，不幸的是，这种希望是被误导的.。
(57)近十年里放弃工作成为全职父亲的人数翻倍的确是事实，但是这个数字仍然很小：已婚家庭中只有0.8%的全职父亲能够坚持离开工作岗位长达一年时间。甚至这个比率中还包含着因为企业精简裁员而不得不退居家庭的男士。要减少社会污名，这个群体根本不够大，而且需要迫使做出其他必要的调整来支持男性做出这个决定，即使是在相对短的时间内。