考研英语长难句常见的省略情况有哪些

　　攻克考研英语长难句要注意对句子结构的把握，对语法的灵活运用。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语长难句常见的问题指导，欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语长难句常见的省略情况有哪些

　　考研英语长难句常见的省略情况

　　一、在单句中的省略情况。

　　1、有省主语：(We’ve) Got to go now;

　　2、省略谓语或谓语的一部分：(Is)The machine still not working;

　　3、省略宾语Which of them is the better choice?-Well, it’s hard to say (it).;

　　4、省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分What a pity (it is) you can’t go to the lecture.

　　5、还有省略不定式、省略冠词等等。

　　二、并列句中的省略。

　　在并列结构中，如果后半句出现and, but, neither, either, nor, so, too时，后一分句与前一分句相同的部分可以省略。【例：Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” and that Europe could yet develop different rules. 在该句中谓语动词warn后接两个并列的that引导的宾从。第一个从句中使用了not…but…”不是…而是…”句型，but后省略了与not后相同的动词live.】

　　三、不定式符号to后的省略。

　　有些动词比如afford, hate, have, hope, intend等之后，to往往省略动词，以免重复。

　　四、此外在状语从句中的省略情况。

　　由whenever, whatever, wherever, however, no matter how/what/when/where以及whether…or等引导的状语从句，也常常发生省略情况。【例子：But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.在这句when引导的条件状从中，因从句的主语与主句的主语相同，都为today’s social indices,故when后省略主语和be动词。这句话可翻译成尤其如果将当下的社会指数放在美国动荡的历史环境中来看，会发现这些指数并未表示一个黑暗而恶化的社会环境。】

　　五、在定语从句中的省略

　　1、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that. 例句：That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.

　　2、在direction(方向)，way(方式)，distance(距离)，time(时间)，times(倍数)等会面所接的定义从句中常省略that ,which, in which. 例句：The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.

　　考研英语长难句拆分的信号

　　考研英语长难句拆分信号：

　　1、标点符号：比如，2个逗号形成插入语，破折号表示解释说明，分号相当于“and”表示并列;

　　2、连词：并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等，从句的从属连词which、that、when、how、if等;

　　3、介词：介词引导介词短语，介词短语在句子中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;

　　4、不定式符号to：不定式符号to引导不定式短语，在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外，还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;

　　5、分词：分词包括现在分词和过去分词，在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。

　　下面我们就按照长难句拆分原则，依照这些拆分信号，结合考研英语阅读或翻译真题中的长难句进行实战演练一下吧!

　　1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　(1)句子拆分

　　拆分点：从属连词、介词、标点符号

　　This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.

　　(2)句子结构

　　找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);

　　↓

　　找连词(when, that, that)

　　↓

　　前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词

　　↓

　　确定主从句

　　主句：This trend began during the Second World War;

　　从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

　　(3)解析

　　during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail做定语修饰the Second World War;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。

　　(4)本句的参考译文

　　这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

　　总之，只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解，弄清句子的各个成分，并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂，由复杂变得简单，这样句子结构分析技能提高了，长难句也就攻克了，对于考研阅读和翻译的理解也就简单了。

　　考研英语基础复习如何构建你的单词库

　　1.Choose a specific theme for building vocabulary

　　1.选择一个特定的主题来构建词汇量

　　When building vocabulary, you can guide yourself by focusing on a specific theme for the words you're learning. Pick a context or a specific topic -- say, sports, or words associated with feelings -- then study words related to that topic.

　　在构建词汇量时，你可以引导自己专注于某个特定的`主题来学习单词。选择一个背景或特定的话题--比如，运动或与感受相关的词汇 - 再学习与该话题相关的词汇。

　　Words describing emotions is an interesting choice, for instance, as it includes words like enthusiastic and excited. The category of sports words, on the other hand, includes exciting words like throw, spin, or marathon.

　　描述的情感的词汇是一个有趣的选择。例如，它包含了像enthusiastic(热情)和excited(兴奋)之类的单词。另一方面，运动类别的词汇，包括像throw(掷)，spin(旋转)，或marathon(马拉松)之类等令人激动的词语。

　　You could also study “travelling around town” words like sidewalk, intersection, or pavement; or words related to everyday life, like foods available at the supermarket. You could even study words about school work!

　　你也可以学习在镇上旅游之类的词语，像人行道，十字路口，或者路面;或与日常生活中相关的单词，比如，超市里可见的食物。甚至你可以学习与学校作业有关的单词!

　　Whatever theme you pick, create stories in your mind and speak them aloud using words related to that theme.

　　无论你选择何种主题，在脑子里编一个故事，再以与那个主题相关的单词大声地说出来。

　　2.Tips for easily memorizing your words

　　2.轻松记忆单词的技巧

　　When you have settled on vocabulary words, write them down or print them out. Carry the list with you always. In the pauses of your busy day-when you're sitting on the bus, in the dentist's office, during commercials-take out the paper and review your vocabulary words until you feel comfortable that you would recognize (and be able to use) these words the next time you see them. Use sticky notes and put them on computers, on cupboards, and other places you're likely to see them, as a reminder.

　　当你选中了单词，把它们写出来或者打印出来。随时随地携带在身边。在繁忙的一天中的休息时间里--当你在公交车上，在牙科诊所，在宣传期间--拿出小纸条，复习一下单词直到你觉得自己下次看到的时候能认识(并能够使用)。使用便利贴，把它们粘在计算机上，橱柜上，和其他你容易看到的地方，作为一种提醒。

　　Try jumbling the letters of your vocabulary words up, then unscrambling them to form the word again. Work with the words until you are very comfortable using them in sentences on your own.

　　试着把你的词汇表中的单词混在一起，梳理之后再形成单词。好好学习这些单词直到你自己能自如地运用在句子中。

　　Remembering the words is very important! How do we do this? Try to associate each word with a picture or some other representation in your mind. This will help you remind yourself of the word's meaning. You don't have to actually draw or see this picture -- you can use your imagination to create suitable images!

　　记住单词是非常重要的事!我们要怎么做到这一点呢?尽量将每个单词与一幅图片或其他能在你脑海中浮现的东西联系起来。这将帮助你记忆这个词的意思。你不必实际描绘或看到这幅图片--你可以用你的想象力创造出合适的图像!

　　It's also important to not try to learn more than 7-10 new words in a day. Generally, it's safer to aim for 5-6 words a day for better retention. This, of course, depends on how much time you have each day for studying vocabulary.

　　请记住，每天试着学习的新单词不要超过7-10。一般情况下，将每天的目标定为5-6个新单词更为安全，这样记忆效果更好。当然，这取决于你每天有多少时间来学习词汇。

　　3.Read whatever you're interested in

　　3.阅读任何你感兴趣的内容

　　Pick out something you want to read in your target language. As you read, underline the words you don't understand. Then you should write them down within a sentence so you can see how each word fits into the sentence. Repeat the words until you are very familiar with them.

　　筛选一些你想读的内容，是你目标语言的版本。当你阅读时，将你不理解的部分划线标注。随后你应该将它们以一个句子写下来，这样你就可以看到每个单词是如何恰如其分地适合这个句子。重复这些单词直到你非常熟悉它们。

　　4.Make sure you learn new forms of new words

　　4.确保你掌握新单词的新形式

　　Some words have many different forms, like silent (adjective)， silently (adverb) and silence (noun)。 Practice forming sentences which the different forms of these words, and try to use as many forms of the words in sentences as possible.

　　有些单词有很多不同的形式，像silent 安静的(形容词)， silently 安静地(副词)和 silence无声(名词)。练习用这些单词的不同形式来造句，并尽可能多地在句子中尝试单词的不同形式。

　　A good way to combine this practice with your grammar learning is by thinking about each word and identifying which part of speech it is. Is it a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb? It can help you to understand how those different parts of speech are formed. For instance, you can make a plural noun by adding an s, or an adverb by adding ly.

　　一个比较好的方法是将这样的练习与你的语法学习结合起来，思考每一个单词，确认它在句子中是属于哪一部分，是名词，动词，形容词还是副词?这样可以帮助你了解一个句子中不同的部分是如何组成的。例如，你可以通过添加一个s得到一个复数名词，或者在形容词后加ly得到一个副词。

　　For example: beauty is a noun, beautify is a verb, and beautiful is an adjective. Use them in sentences differently.

　　例如：beauty(美丽)是一个名词， beautify (美化)是一个动词，而beautiful(美丽的)是一个形容词。它们在句子中用法不同。

　　5.Listen attentively to all conversations

　　5.认真倾听所有对话

　　Whether it's the news in English, a movie, or a class lecture, pay attention to what's being said! Make note of the words that you didn't understand.

　　无论是英语新闻，电影，或一个讲座，注意倾听所说的内容!记下你听不懂的话。

　　When you find an unfamiliar word, refer to the dictionary for an explanation. Browse through words and make them your friends. Whichever new words you hear and read, mark them in the dictionary. Keep a tab of the number of words that you have mastered. Keep a goal for a week, for a month and so on.

　　当你发现一个陌生的单词，查找一下字典上的解释。通过浏览文字，熟悉它们。无论你听到还是看到新词，在字典里标注它们。将你已经掌握的单词数量做一个标签。每个星期、每个月都为自己定一个目标。

　　When you meet your first goal -- and for each subsequent goal you complete -- treat yourself! Go out and celebrate, because you're learning vocabulary!

　　当你完成自己的第一个目标--以及后续你完成的每一个目标--奖励一下自己!出去好好庆祝，因为你正在学习词汇!

　　Happy learning!

　　请快乐地学习!

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