考研英语写作有哪些见语法错误

　　我们在准备考研英语的写作复习时，有一些常见的语法错误需要我们去注意。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语写作常见语法错误指南，欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语写作有哪些见语法错误

　　考研英语写作常见语法错误

　　1.检查谓语动词的时态是否有错。

　　例 1：

　　a) We college students had enough time to take a parttime job, no matter how busy we were ...

　　b) We college students have enough time to take a parttime job, no matter how busy we are ...

　　命题作文一般都是议论文，而写议论文所采用的时态一般都是现在时态。只有在举例或提到过去的事时才会用到过去时态。

　　例 2：

　　a) Riding bicycles had more advantages than taking a bus.

　　b) Riding bicycles has more advantages than taking a bus.

　　考生中用过去时写作与他们教材课文体裁(大多为叙述文、说明文)和平时写作练习(大多写个人经历的故事)有关，也与他们过度概括有关，认为所有文章都用过去时。

　　例 3:

　　a) There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.

　　b) There are so many countries using English that it has been regarded as an international language.

　　注意：在论述同一事情，即发生在同一时间里的事时，前后半句或相邻的几句在时态上要保持一致。

　　2.检查主语和谓语、名词和代词、以及人称是否保持一致。

　　例 4：

　　a) The eating habit of Chinese people have changed in the past decade.

　　b) The eating habit of Chinese people has changed in the past decade.

　　注意：不管主语和谓语隔开多远，主语当中还有修饰成分，谓语要和真正的主语在数上保持一致。

　　例 5：

　　a) Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season.

　　b) Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when they are in season.

　　例 6：

　　a) I feel proud to come to our university.

　　b) I feel proud to come to this university.

　　注意：our和主语 I不一致，或把 our改成 my，或改成 this。而这里用 this 较妥。

　　3. 检查修饰语是否放在正确的位置上。

　　例1：

　　a) Without television, people can't get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.

　　b) Without television, people can't immediately get information which comes from other parts of the world.

　　分析：a) 句子中，immediately 显然放错了位置。是"得到迅速从各地传来的消息"，还是"迅速得到从各地传来的消息"?意思含糊不清。

　　例2：

　　a) At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.

　　b) When I was five years old, my father began to give me English lessons.

　　分析：a) 句子，At the age of six 放在这个位置上，变成了"我父亲六岁的时候"。改变说法，可以解决这个问题。

　　例 3:

　　a) To improve one's writing skill, regular practice is necessary.

　　b) To improve one's writing skill, one must make regular practice.

　　分析：不定式短语的逻辑主语决不是regular practice，为了把逻辑关系表达清楚，要么把不定式短语改成If one wants to improve his writing skill，要么把主句改成one must make regular practice.

　　4.表示相同的意思，检查是否使用了平行语法结构。

　　例 4：

　　a) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home.

　　b) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and reading at home.

　　分析：can do shopping, banking and read at home, 用语法平行结构来衡量，用动词原形 read是不妥的，为了和 do shopping, do banking 保持结构上平行，接下来的一个内容要用do reading.

　　例 5：

　　a) Nowadays, people not only eat enough food, but also eat better.

　　b) Nowadays, people not only eat more, but also eat better.

　　用 not only...but also, both...and, whether...or, either...or, as well as, along with等能连接两个成分的连词，前后两个成分在结构上要保持一致。用 eat enough food, eat better不如用 eat more, eat better，都用副词。

　　5. 用代词时，检查指代关系是否清楚。

　　例1：

　　a) Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden theyhave to bear.

　　b) Sometimes a teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.

　　分析：they 既可指代teachers, 也可指代 students，明显的是指代不清。其实只要把其中一个名词变成单数，用he和 they分别代不同的名词，就清楚了。因为 a teacher也可泛指所有教师。

　　例2：

　　a) Someone believes that the teacher's task is to give students knowledge, which may not be true.

　　b) Someone believes that the teacher's task is to give students knowledge, a notion which may not be true.

　　分析：which指代什么不清楚，指 knowledge，还是指前面整个句子?如果指 Someone believes，最好用 a notion或an idea归纳一下整个句子的意思，然后引出从句。

　　例3：

　　a) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.

　　b) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but the effort often proves useless.

　　分析：it 指什么?如指influence，则在 it often proves useless 这个句子中显然不通。写作人知道it指人们的努力，但effort 这个词前面没有出现过，就不能用it。

　　6. 相邻的句子，检查是否避免了不必要的结构转变

　　例4：

　　a) While we reuce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.

　　b) While the number of vehiles is reduced, the speed of traffic is increased.

　　注意：两个非常相关的意思，不要一个使用主动结构，一个使用被动结构。

　　7.检查可数名词与不可数名词是否用得正确

　　例5：

　　a) TV presents us with many useful informations.

　　b) TV presents us with a lot of useful information.

　　分析：还有evidence, advice, knowledge等都是不可数名词，都不能用复数。另外， many, a great number of, another, few 等只能与可数名词配用。而a great amount of, a great deal of, less, much, 等应与不可数名词配用。

　　例6：

　　a) Making our cities greener is not an easy work.

　　b) Making our cities greener is not an easy job.

　　分析：work 用作可数名词是"作品"这类意思，而表示"工作"时，不可数。同样，在 Word has been sent out that those who cheat on exams will be punished.这个句子中，要用单数word表示"信息"。

　　在限时、紧张的写作中，出现错误，尤其是语言上的错误是不可避免的。如果把这些错误留在那里，不得到改正，就会影响整篇文章的质量。阅卷人虽然不大会按你文章中语言错误的累计数目进行扣分，但错误，尤其是一些幼稚的错误，会给阅卷人员留下不好的`印象，从而影响文章的分数。因此建议大家在写完之后务必要对自己的写作进行检查，修改基本语法错误。

　　考研英语复习长难句的方法

　　具体如何解决长难句的问题我们可以遵从以下的步骤。

　　1.首先，我们要明确长句究竟在哪里断开，找到有用的，抛弃无用的。

　　先来看看下面这个句子：Even in the best of circumstances， fierce competition from larger， more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases： when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor， they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.

　　2.在阅读时要注意辨别这些复杂修饰成分，找出真正的主语和谓语。

　　很显然，这句话应该在冒号处断开，冒号后是对前半句的解释，所以在读在这句话时，我们不必把太多精力放在前半句上，而要着重理解后半句，这才是与文章内容相关的部分。整句话的复杂修饰成分包括介词短语in the best of circumstances，from larger，more established companies，以及不定式to broaden their customer bases，和现在分词arising from their current success.

　　再来看一个复杂修饰成分为从句的例子：Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks， Hispanics， and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

　　3.原句中的定语从句、宾语从句对句意表达的作用不大，可以略过不读。

　　通过对复杂修饰成分的加工处理，这个句子变得十分简单：One of the principal reasons is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts.

　　考研阅读的复杂修饰成分往往放在一个比较复杂的句子框架中，例如下面这句话：Although the samurais had been reduced to idleness by years of peace， encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time， it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.

　　4.先明确句子大体框架再剥离复杂修饰成分。

　　整个句子是镶嵌在although…it is not surprising这个框架中的，但是由于中间插入成分多，容易打断考生思路，导致无法准确把握句意，同时运用了介词短语by years of peace，定语从句tasks that….以及过去分词encouraged to…

　　通过分析，我们可以看出长难句不是不能攻克，干扰阻碍我们解题的无非就是以上几种常见的形式，在这里提醒各位考生，辨别并适当处理其复杂修饰成分能帮助考生快速领会文章实质，轻松应对考题。

　　考研英语翻译的复习技巧

　　1.最纠结翻译

　　Asia is four times larger than Europe.

　　亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

　　【点评】最让众亲颠覆世界观价值观的翻译大概就是这句话了。到底是几倍?傻傻分不清楚!相信大家的高中老师们绝对都有各种说法。小编来纠正你的人生观：N times as large as和N times larger than意思相同!

　　2.最形象翻译

　　peanut-buttering(花生油???)

　　形容把时间、金钱、精力同时放在几件事上，结果却一事无成。

　　Google should create fewer products and make less investments.They are doing too much and peanut-buttering everything.

　　谷歌应该少研发些新产品，少做些投资。他们做得太泛了，结果会一事无成。

　　【点评】涂花生酱的动作被形象吸收并隐喻得使用成形容一事无成的作为，超形象!

　　3.最有爱翻译

　　There you are.I've been looking for you forever.

　　翻译成“原来你在这儿啊，我一直找你来着”很平淡无奇?美剧字幕组的诗意翻译版本来了：

　　众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。

　　【点评】美剧字幕组一直是神一般的存在(如《生活大爆炸》不时出现的金句)，宋朝词人辛弃疾的名句被拿过来使用，真的很有爱。

　　4.最简约翻译

　　You're so distinguished,but I'm just anordinary person.I'm incapable of getting even a hint of what you're thinking.

　　娘娘您是人中之凤，奴婢只是常鳞凡介，试问又怎能猜得到娘娘的蕙质兰心呢?

　　【点评】精简才是硬道理!人中之凤、常鳞凡介、蕙心兰质，与其用又长又蹩脚的短语破坏句子的完整性，倒不如用简单又准确的单词来表达。不过小编想，要是用这句英语翻回汉语，应该莫有大神能翻出人中之凤、常鳞凡介、蕙质兰心吧?

　　5.最出人意料翻译

　　They went away as wise as they came.

　　他们一无所获。

　　【点评】看到这句话，先惊讶，再迟疑，然后疑惑，最后恍然大悟，心里默念：真是够毒舌。(他们如来时那样“机智”)

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