初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习，表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征，介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾，六定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子。
初中英语复习——句子结构
一．句型精讲
Somethinguseful:
S=Subject(主语);V=Verb(谓语动词);
P=Predicative(表语);O=Object(宾语);
INO=IndirectObject(间接宾语);
DO=DirectObject(直接宾语);
OC=ObjectComplement(宾语补足语)
1S+V
此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如:
Helaughed.
Johnhasreadwidely.
HelivesinLondon.
2S+V+O
此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如:
Ourteambeatalltheothers.
3S+V+P
此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如:
Therosesmellssweet.
4S+V+INO+DO
此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如:
Mr.Litoldusaninterestingstory.
WouldyoupleasegivethisdictionarytoLiHua?
5S+V+O+OC
此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如:Wemustkeepourschoolclean.
Theymadehimtheirmonitor.
二．巩固练习：
请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.Heisrunning.
2.Theloudvoicefromtheupstairsmadehimangry.
3.Thelittleboyisaskingtheteacherallkindsofquestions.
4.Sheseemedangry.
5.Myfatherboughtmeabeautifulpresent.
6.Whydoyoukeepyoureyesclosed？
7.Willyoutellusanexcitingstory？
8.Wemustkeepourclassroomtidyandclean.
9.Iheardthebabycryinginthesittingroom.
10.Canyoupushthewindowopen？
11.Birdssingbeautifully.
12.Igiveyouhelp.
13.Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.
14.Heisaboy.
15.Iwishyoutostay.
16.Hesentabooktome.
17.Claisover.
18.WelikeEnglish.
19.Heisingoodhealth.
20.Isenthimabook.
21.Heisexcited.
22.Thefilmisinteresting.
23.Ilikemusic.
24.WenamedourbabyTom.
25.Thisismine.
26.IboughtMayabook.
27.Imakeyouclear.
28.Ilikeher.
29.Sheisbeautiful.
30.Heboughtacoatforme.
31.Hepaintedthewallwhite.
三．判断下列句子是状语从句还是宾语从句
1、DoyouknowhowmuchhotwaterMumneeds?
2.Wedidn’tcatchthetrainbecausewegotuplate.
3.Youwillbelateunleyouleaveimmediately.
4、Canyoutellmewhereheis?
5、Ididn’tknowhowtheywouldgotoLondon?
6.Johnfellasleepwhilehewaslisteningtothemusic.
7.Thebookwassointerestingthathereaditforthreehours
8、Iwanttoknowhowlonghehasbeenback
9.Iwon’tgotobeduntilIfinishit.
10、Doyouknowwhatthenewsis?
11.Ididn’tyougosurfinglastSundaybecauseIhadabadheadache.
句型结构小测题---判断句子结构类型
1Thestudentsworkveryhard.
2Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.
3Thebomadehimdotheworkallday.
4Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistance.
5Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.
6Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.
7Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.
8Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.
9Keepthechildrenquiet,please.
10Wefoundhimanhonestperson
初中英语分析句子结构练习题·
一．分析句子结构
1.Timefliesby.
2.I’monadiet.
3.Iownyouone.
4.Itslippedmymind.
5.Oldhabitsdiehard.
6.Ienjoyyourcompany.
7.Ican’tstandtheheat.
8.Chattingontheinternetbringsmealotoffun.
9.HespeaksEnglishwell.
10.TeacherswillmakeyourEnglishbetter.
11.Theyfoundthedeadboy.
12.Theyfoundtheboydead.
13.Ifoundthebookeasily.
14.Ifoundthebookeasy.
15.TomfoundJimanapartment.
16.WefoundJohnaloyalfriend.’
17.Iwillfindyouagoodteacher.
18.Shewillmakehimagoodwife.
19.Shewillmakehimagoodhusband.
20.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.
21.Wethinkitnecessarythateveryoneshouldattendthemeeting.
22.It’sstrangethatshedoesn’tcometoday.
23.ItwasinthelibrarythatIcometoday.
24.Helikesdrawingattimeswhenheisn’tworking.
25.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.
26.Springcomingon,thetreeturnedgreen.
二．找宾语补足语
1.Thetelescopesofthe1600’smagnifiedobjectsthirty-threetimestheiroriginalsize.
2.Theboysharpremarklefttheteacherspeechless.
3.Thechairmanhasdeclaredthemeetingover.
4.Iprefermysteakmedium.
5.Dicksetthecagedanimalsfree.
6.Thepotcallsthekettleblack.
三．选择题
A
1.Let____doitagain.
A.IB.meC.heD.she
2.Idon'tknow___.
A.howtodoB.whattodoC.wheretodoD.whentodo
B
1、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.
http://www.oh100.com layC.playedD.play
2、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.
A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting
3、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.
A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe
4、Wefindtheroomvery___.
A.warmB.warmlyC.terriblyD.hardly
C
1、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.
A.itB.itsC.thatD.those
2、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.
A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it
3、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.
A.whatB.itC./D.thatG
D
1Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.
A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has
2Children___ahappylifeinChina.
A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leadingH
E
1.America,JapanandCanadaare___countries.
http://www.oh100.com velop
2.-___skirtisthatonthechair?
-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.
A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which
3.Doyouhaveanything___?
A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.say
4.Look,thereisan___treebythewall.
A.appleB.apple'sC.apples'D.apples
5.Whereis____seat?
A.yoursB.yourC.youD.yourselvesI
F
1.Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.
A.very;toB.too;nottoC.too;toD.verytoo;to
2.-___didyoubuythenewbag?
-LastMonday.
A.WhereB.HowC.WhenD.Who
3.Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?
A.WhereelseB.WhereplaceelseC.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere
4.Theywentout___theiroldfriends.
A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited
5.Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.
A.outsideB.overC.fromD.belowJ
G
1.Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.
A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me
2.OurEnglishteacher,___oftenhelpsuswithstudy.
A.Mrs.WangB.Mrs.WangC.Mrs.Wang's.D.ofhim
3.___,somerailwayworkersarebusyrepairingthetrain.
A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Their
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
初中英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）
Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）
Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）
Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）
（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.
宾语：
1）动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）
Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）
1
一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）
Helikesdancing.（代词）
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）
Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）
Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）
Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.
Heisasleep.
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.（名词）
Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）
Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）
Heisasleep.（形容词）
Hisfatherisin.（副词）
Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”（不定式）
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）
常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来），look（看起来），feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），
taste（尝、吃起来），remain（保持，仍是），feel（感觉）….
Itsoundsagoodidea.
Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.
Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.
Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.
NowIfeeltired.
三、宾语：
1）动作的承受者——动宾
IlikeChina.（名词）
2
Hehatesyou.（代词）
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）
Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney.
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）
Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）
Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语）
Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）
I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）
五、主补：对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
http://www.oh100.com
六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）
Heisourfriend.（代词）
Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.（现在分词）
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）
七、状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.
HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.
Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.
Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
记忆口诀：
英语动词分四种，行为连系助动情。
动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用；
连系动词有意义，不能独立作谓语，
须与表语在一起，常用look，become，be
助动词无意义，不能独立作谓语，
时态、疑问和否定，do，be，will最常用
情态动词must，can，may，表示语气和情态，
人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。
一感二听三使四看
一感：feel二听：hear，listen三使：make，let，have
四看：lookat，see，watch，notice感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，
主动句中它走开，被动句中它回来，
动词let要除外，to词可来可不来。