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复合定语从句例句

时间:2022-12-09 13:20:01 英语 我要投稿

复合定语从句例句

  主从复合句是指含有两个或更多主谓结构的句子,其中有一个或更多主谓结构充当整个句子的某一些成分。以下是小编精心为大家整理的有关复合定语从句例句,希望对大家有所帮助,欢迎阅读。

  定语从句解题方法和例句

  一、选准关系代词和关系副词

  在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分,如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语,就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得用关系副词来连接从句。

  例如:

  (1) I still remember the days which / that we spent together.

  (2) I still remember the days when we worked together.

  二、了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况

  that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下,只能用that 来引导定语从句:

  1. 先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时。

  例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy?

  2. 先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。

  例如:

  These are all the pictures that I have seen.

  This is the very dictionary that is of greathelp.

  3. 先行词既指人又指物时。

  例如:

  My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.

  4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

  例如:

  Our school is not the one that it used to be.

  5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

  例如:

  This is the best English film that I have ever seen.

  The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.

  6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。

  例如:

  Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

  Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?

  三、把握“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选用

  1.介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。

  例如:

  That's the reason for which he was late for school.

  This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.

  2. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时,介词应放在动词之后,不能拆开放在关系代词前。

  例如:

  This is the key which you are looking for.

  This is the baby whom you will look after.

  3. 该结构中,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which.

  四、弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别

  1.位置上的区别:as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,还可插在主句的中间;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

  例如:

  As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.

  The earth, as is known to us all, turns around the sun.

  The earth turns around the sun, as is known to us all.

  The earth turns around the sun, which our parents once told us when we were very young.

  2.词义与联系上的区别:as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系,as 本身含有“正如”之意;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句,which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。

  例如:

  Light travels faster than sound, as we all know.

  Jack came late for school, which made his teacher angry.

  五、注意定语从句的主谓一致性

  关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。

  例如:

  Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.

  Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.

  六、保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠

  1. 在定语从句中,不管出现任何情况,主句的结构必须完整,即主句必须有主语和谓语,缺一不可,否则,整个主从复合句就无法成立。

  例如:

  (1)Is this factory _______ we visited last week?

  (2)Is this the factory _______ we visited last week?

  A. which B. where C. what D. the one

  2. 从定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分,因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代(副)词重叠的成分。

  例如:

  错句:Is this the train that they took it last Sunday?

  分析:该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语,故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。

  复合定语从句

  一.关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

  二.关系代词引导的复合定语从句

  1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的`介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

  2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

  3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略

  4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

  5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

  6. when引导定语从句表示时间

  〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导

  By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

  I still remember the first time I met her.

  Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

  7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

  8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导

  复合定语从句介绍

  1.有关概念

  由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句,就是在复合句中起统领作用的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。如:

  You’ll feel better after you take the pills.吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。

  The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time.警察获知他那时不在场。

  这两句都是复合句,第一句的主句是You’ll feel better,从句是after you take the pills,由after引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,表示时间;第二句的主句是The police learned是主句,that he wasn’t there at that time是从句,由that引导,在整个复合句中用作宾语。

  注意,英语的复合句不是简单句的反面,不要将它误解为“复杂句”。事实上,英语的简单句有时也可以比较“复杂”,而复合句也可以比较“简单”。如:

  He stopped because he was tired.他停下来是因为他累了。

  这个句子比较“简单”,却是一个典型的复合句,其中的he stopped是主句,because he was tired是从句,在复合句中用作状语,表示原因。

  2.从句的分类

  前面我们说到从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分,它可以用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。一般说来,一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作主语,我们就叫它为主语从句;从句在复合句用作宾语,我们就叫它为宾语从句;从句在复合句用作状语,我们就叫它为状语从句;等等。如:

  He answered thathe knew nothing about it.他回答说他不知情。

  The trouble is thatI have lost his address.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。

  He was rather pleased whenhe won that prize.他获奖后相当高兴。

  She was not in the train thatarrived just now.她不在刚到的那列车上。

  第一句中的that he knew nothing about it为宾语从句,因为它在复合句中用作动词answered的宾语;第二句中的that I have lost his address为表语从句,因为它在复合句中用在连系动词is后作表语;第三句中的when he won that prize为状语从句,因为它在复合句中用状语,表示时间,所以也叫时间状语从句;第四句中的that arrived just now为定语从句,因为它在复合句中用作定语,修饰名词the train。

  3.定语从句概念

  被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  4.关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  复合句的介绍

  复合句分为并列复合句和主从复合句,在英语试题中,复合句占有较大的比例,复习时应该注意:

  1. 要发散思维,忌单向思维,考各种从属句,常常是不同类型的连接词语正误连缀而至,如果不抓住这一点,不从多方面思考选择,就容易以偏概全,误入歧途;

  2. 弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等;

  3. 熟记句型及特殊表达形式;

  4. 注意各分句之间的特点及区别;

  5. 注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。

  总之在做习题时,不能生搬硬套,一成不变,要全方位的思考,摸清出题者的意图,灵活机动,随着不同的语言环境而变化。

  复合句的用法

  (一)名词性从句

  在整个复合句中起名词作用,充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。名词性从句主要有以下几种:

  1.that引导的从句e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (据报道,三分之一的广州市民打算购买私家车。)

  2. whether/if引导的从句e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(广州是否禁摩托车成了有争议的话题。)

  3. how/why/when/where引导的从句e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文将探讨为什么这么多白领失眠的原因。)

  4. who/whom/whose/what/which引导的从句e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(谁对环境恶化负责还不清楚。)

  (二)形容词性从句

  具有形容词功能,在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。被修饰的名词、词组或代词被称为先行词。形容词性从句分为两种类型:

  (1)由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的从句。例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. (强烈反对克隆人的人们认为这样做不道德和不合伦理)

  (2)由关系副词when, where, why引导的从句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.(我将分析为什么越来越多的青少年沉迷于赌博的原因。)

  (三)副词性从句

  副词性从句也称为状语从句,主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。大致分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

  (1)时间状语从句e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.(当每个人充分意识到淡水短缺的严重性,并采取有效措施,我相信我们一定能妥善解决好这个问题。)

  (2)地点状语从句e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.(无风不起浪)

  (3)原因状语从句e.g. Pets should be forbidden because they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape.(应该禁止饲养宠物,因为它们可能会传播疾病和有损市容。)

  (4)目的状语从句e.g. Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities. (应当鼓励老人到敬老院居住,这样他们可以享受到专业的照料和一流的设施。)

  (5)结果状语从句e.g. Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of improper waste disposal, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating.(一些政府官员未能认识到垃圾处理不当带来的潜在危害,因此一些城市的环境不断恶化。)

  (6)条件状语从句e.g. If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Guangzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will become a huge landfill site sooner or later.(如果我们继续无视广州日益增多的垃圾,有可能不久的将来广州将成为巨大的垃圾填埋场。)

  (7)让步状语从句e.g. While I admit that smoking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban smoking in public places.(虽然我承认吸烟有副作用,我依然觉得公共场所禁烟是荒唐的。)

  (8)比较状语从句e.g. Red is two times as much as Blue.(红色是蓝色的两倍。)

  (9)方式状语从句e.g. Just as we protect less able human beings, so we should safeguard the welfare of other weaker species.(正如我们保护弱者一样,我们也应该保护弱势物种的福利。)

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