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小升初英语介词的语法

时间:2018-12-16 19:23:23 基础英语 我要投稿

关于小升初英语介词的语法

  从介词本身的结构来看:

  1. 简单介词:at, in, on, since, from

  2. 复合介词:as for 至于;as to 关于;out of 从,出自;into 进入;onto 到……上面去

  3. 二重介词:from under 从……的下面;from behind 从……的后面;until after 直到……之后;from among 从……当中

  4. 短语介词:according to 根据;ahead of 在……之前;apart from 在……之外;because of 由于;by means of 以……之手段;by way of 经由

  从介词本身的意义来看:

  1. 表示时间的介词

  about, around, before, by, at, after, in, on, around, between, during, for, from, since, till, until, within

  2. 表示地点的介词

  about, at, in, on, over, through, across, along, around, before, between, beyond, down, up, to, toward, under, near

  3. 表示方式的介词

  by bus 乘公共汽车

  see with one's own eyes 亲眼看…

  write in ink 用墨水写…

  on foot 步行,徒步

  He looked at me without expression. 他毫无表情地看着我。

  4. 表示原因的介词

  He was punished for stealing. 他因偷窃而被惩罚。

  suffer from a cold 患伤风

  be ashamed of 因……而感到羞愧

  shake with cold 因寒冷而发抖

  5. 表示关于的介词

  What is the book about? 这本书是关于什么内容的?(about关于一般情况)

  I heard him talk on Chinese medicine last night. 昨晚我听到他讲中国医学。(on关于理论、学术)

  a long story of adventure 一个长篇冒险故事

  6. 表示比较的介词

  His face is as black as coal. 他的脸跟煤炭一样黑。

  He saw a number of small hard things like stones. 他看见一些像石头一样的小小的坚硬的东西。

  7. 表示除外的介词

  He works every day but Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天都工作。

  We all went except Tom. 除汤姆外,我们都去了。

  The letter is good except for the spelling. 这封信除了拼写错误之外,还算是很通顺的。

  Besides English, he studies German and French. 除英语外,他还学习德语和法语。(besides中文译成“除……外”,实则表示包含在内。)

  8. 表示条件的介词

  With your help, we might finish the work earlier. 有你的帮助,我们可能早点做完这工作。

  Man cannot live without water. 如果没有水人就不能活。

  9. 表示结果的介词

  She tore the letter to pieces. 她把信撕个粉碎。

  10. 表示对于的介词

  Sea air is good for the health. 海上的空气对健康有好处。

  To her it was all unusual. 这一切对她都很不平常。

  小升初英语语法大全:介词

  1、介词是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。

  有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of…

  2、表示时间的介词有:at, on, in。

  (1)at表示“在某一个具体的时间点上”,或用在固定词组中。如:at ten o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…

  (2)on表示“在某日或某日的时间段”。如:on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning…

  (3)in表示“在某一段时间(月份、季节)里”。如:in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005…

  3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿着蓝色的衣服),in English(用英语表达),take part in(参加)。

  练一练:

  1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。

  1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?

  2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.

  3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.

  4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.

  5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.

  6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.

  7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?

  8) Helen’s writing paper is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.

  9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.

  10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?

  2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。

  1) Jim is good in English and Maths.

  2) The films were in the ground just now.

  3) They are talking to their plans.

  4) How many students have their birthdays on May?

  5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.

  6) I can jog to school on the morning.

  7) Did you water trees at the farm?

  8) Can you come and help me on my English?

  9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.

  10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?

  小升初英语语法大全:形容词、副词

  1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。

  形容词和副词有三种形式:原形、比较级、最高级。比较级:+er 最高级:the …+est

  两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er。

  2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下:

  (1)一般直接+er。如:tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late - later

  (2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big - bigger, fat - fatter

  (3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy - heavier, early - earlier

  (4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting

  (5)有些不规则变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如:good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…

  练一练:

  1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。

  big good long tall old

  short thin heavy young fat

  light strong high far low

  early late well fast slow

  2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

  1) I can swim as _______ (fast) as the fish, I think.

  2) Look! His hands are _______ (big) than mine.

  3) I think you do these things_______ (well) than your classmates.

  4) Whose bag is _______ (heavy), yours or mine?

  5) Does Jim run as _______(slow) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ (slow) than them.

  6) You have seven books, but I have _______ (many) than you. I have ten.

  7) I jump _______ (far) than some of the boys in my class.

  8) I’m very_______ (thin), but she’s _______ (thin) than me.

  9) It gets _______and_______ (warm) when spring comes here.

  小升初英语语法大全:英语中的八种词性

  乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:英语中的八种词性,供大家参考学习~

  Words are used to form patterns of English grammar and syntax. Each word falls into one of eight categories referred to as parts of speech. Here are the eight commonly recognized parts of speech.

  英语的语法和句法中也会形成词的类型。每个词都会被归为八类中的一类,这里我们要讲的就是英语中八类最常见的词性。

  Certain words have further categorization such as: adverbs of frequency: always, sometimes, often, etc. or determiners: this, that, these, those . However, the basic categorization of words in English fall into these eight categories.

  具体的词还会有更进一步的分类,比如always(总是), sometimes(有时), often(经常)等等这些被叫做频率副词,还有this(这个), that(那个), these(这些), those(那些)被叫做限定词,不过基本的英语词类还是有这八类的。

  The Eight Parts of Speech

  八种词类

  名词

  A word which is a person, place, thing or idea.

  描述一个人、一个地点、一个东西或者一种想法的词。

  例如:

  Mount Everest, book, horse, Peter, strength, car, Empire State Building, China, house, child

  珠穆朗玛峰,书,马,皮特(人名),力量,汽车,帝国大厦,中国,房子,孩子

  代词

  A word that is used to take the place of a noun.

  用来指代一个名词的词

  例如:

  I, they, their, ourselves, itself, your, my, nobody, who, which, her, we

  我,他们,我们自己,它自己,你的,我的,没有人,谁,哪个,她(宾格),我们

  形容词

  A word that is used to describe a noun or pronoun.

  一个用来描述一个名词或者代词的词

  例如:

  proud, purple, French, few, this, huge, sad, second, none

  骄傲的,紫色的,法国的,很少的,刚过去的,巨大的,悲伤的,其次的,没有的

  动词

  A word that indicates an action, being or state of being.

  一个表示动作进行或者存在的状态的词

  例如:

  play, run, think, study, smell, wait, be, drive, renounce, fill

  玩,跑,想,学习,闻,等,是,驾驶,拒绝,填充

  副词

  A word that is used to describe a verb which tells how, where, or when something is done.

  副词是用来描述一个动作怎样完成、在哪里完成或者什么时间完成的词

  例如:

  carefully, often, very, [w]intelligently, quite, too, rarely, never

  仔细地,经常,非常,聪明地,非常,太,很少,从不

  连词

  A word that is used to join words or groups of words.

  一个用来连接几个词或者几组词的词

  例如:

  and, or, but, neither, because, while, since, although

  和,或者,但是,既不是,因为,而,自……以来,虽然

  前置词,汉语中多叫介词

  A word used indicating the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.

  一个用来表明一个名词或代词和另一个词的关系的词

  例如:

  in, until, of, from, after, under, beyond, across, toward

  在……里面,直到,……的,从……开始,在……之后,在……下面,超出,穿过,向

  感叹词

  A single word used to express strong emotion.

  一个表达强烈的感情的词

  例如:

  Wow! Ah! Oh! No!

  哇!啊!哦!不!

  编辑推荐:

  小升初英语语法

  小升初英语语法大全:名词的所有格

  乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:名词的所有格,供大家参考学习~

  1. 在词尾不是s 的单数或复数名词之后加-s

  Tom's bike 汤姆的自行车

  a women's hospital 妇女医院

  a children's palace 少年宫

  oxen's temper 牛脾气

  2. 在词尾是s 的单数名词之后加' 或's 都可以

  my boss' office 或 my boss's office 我老板的办公室

  Dickens' novels 或 Dickens's novels 狄更斯的小说

  3. 在词尾是s 的复数名词之后加'

  a girls' high school 女子中学

  birds' nets 鸟窝

  4. 在复合名词或是名词短语最后的一个词的词尾加-s

  my brother-in-law's hat 我姐夫的帽子

  somebody else's bag 别人的包

  a year or two's absence 一两年的离别

  the President of America's car 美国总统的'座车

  但是,最后一个词的词尾若是s ,只加'

  go-betweens' arrangements 中间人的安排

  5. 名词之后有同位语时,将同位语变成所有格

  Have you seen my sister, Mary's bike? 你有没有看见我姐姐玛丽的自行车?

  6. 共同拥有或是个别拥有的区别

  Mary and Betty's parents(两人父母相同)

  Mary's and Betty's parents(两人各自的父母)

  John and Mary's school(两人同在一所学校)

  John's and Mary's schools(两人分别在不同的学校)

  7. "of + 名词"构成的所有格

  the door of the room 房间的门

  the tittle of the film 影片的名字

  编辑推荐:小升初英语语法

  小升初英语语法大全:不定冠词的用法

  乐加乐英语:小升初英语语法大全:不定冠词的用法,供大家参考学习~

  不定冠词的用法

  不定冠词有"a 和 an"两种形式。"a"用在以辅音开头的词前,"an"用在以元音开头的词前。

  注意:判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头,是根据读音而不是根据字母,这一点很多初学者会搞错哦。

  1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”

  There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。

  2. 表示一类人或物

  A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。

  3. 表示“某一个”的意思

  A gentleman wants to see you. 有位先生要见你。

  4. 表示“同一”的意思

  They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。

  The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。

  5. 表示“每一”的意思

  We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。

  6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业

  My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是老师。

  7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个

  Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。

  8. 在 such a,quite a 句式中

  He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。

  Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。

  9. 用在某些表示数量的词组中

  a couple of 一对

  a dozen 一打(也可以用 one dozen)

  a lot of 许多

  a great many 很多(修饰可数名词)

  a great deal/amount of 大量(修饰不可数名词)

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