考研英语翻译题型的特点和答题步骤
考研英语中的翻译虽然分值不大，但却是很容易失分也很难得分的一个部分。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语翻译题型的要点和答题过程，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语翻译题型重点及答题步骤
一、翻译的题型特点
a.体裁以议论文为主，内容和意义比较抽象。
b.题材具有显着的偏向文科领域的趋势。
c.句子长，结构复杂、从句多的句子划线。
二、翻译题型的应对策略
两个关键。一是理解的关键在于英语的语法结构、逻辑结构。二是表达的关键在于根据汉语习惯对译入语进行适当调整。
大家需要注意的是以下几点：
(1)能直译不意译。直译不切合汉语习惯的时候，要意译。另外，还有一些有牢固翻译方法的语法结构和搭配也要遵循习用意译方法。例如：IT is well-known(that…)习惯译法是众所周知。
(2)只加不减的原则。这是从信息量的笼罩层面来说的。因为英文中有些词汇有特定含义，还有在并列结构中大量使用省略。为了忠实于原文，我们要尽量在翻译时笼罩所有原文携带的信息。以免出现因为信息减损出现的扣分。
(3)适当运用翻译技巧。考研英语翻译试题，如果不能够运用一定的翻译技巧，很难将译文处置惩罚到位。也很难到达“达”的翻译标准。
三、翻译的答题步骤
1、快速阅读全文，掌握文章主旨和文体
文章是一个有机整体，不看文章翻译其中的句子，必然会导致断章取义。文章的文体也决定了我们翻译时的语言风格。因此提醒同学们必须先通读全文，了解文章整体内容，准确掌握作者作者想要表达的主题思想以及文章文体。需要注意的是，因为时间有限，这里的通读意味着快速阅读。
2、通读全句、划分各意群成分
把主句、从句、非谓语动词短语划离开来;把主干部分和修饰部分划离开来。
3、选择词义、根据汉语习惯调整各意群语序、贴切表达
4、适当调整，书写译文
所谓知彼知己，百战不殆。了解了考研英语翻译的试题特点以及基本的应对策略以后，在复习中再加以针对性地练题，搞定翻译就不是问题了。
考研英语冲刺提分大小作文的复习方法
以下是2011年(英语一)小作文和大作文题目。
51. Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
假如你在考场上看到这两道题，请问你如何快速在气氛紧张的气氛中破题呢?假如你时间只剩35分钟，如何快速完成2篇作文呢?
小作文做题步骤在此：先审查小作文题。按照审题方法中的四个要素我们知道它要求写的是推荐信。接着推想信息要点：表明目的、表示相关;推荐资格、附加说明;表达期待。接着回想出框架句子。
I am writing this letter to recommend ......to you. And I have done......
The primary contributors for my recommendation are as follows. For one thing,...... Because ...... For another, it also features ......, for the reason that.......
I hope that you will find this movie worthy of attention.
你看，只要能按照这个做题思路走，根据自己的学习基础补充句子修改句子就可以顺利写完小作文了。当然同学们也要注意小作文书信格式哦。
大作文做题步骤在此：先审题。1幅图+社会问题。第一段要写4句话。 分别是“直观评价、整体描述、细节描述、过渡句”。Here is a picture, interesting but with profound implication. As is vividly depicted in the photo, ......, which successfully captures our eyes. After a close watch, it is easy to find that ....... Apparently, what the drawing has subtly showed is supposed to be given further analysis.
第二段需要做原因分析，要写4-5句。可以按照“总-分-总”的思路写。Theoretically, several factors may cause the problem conveyed in the picture, but from my perspective, the following two are of utmost importance. On the top of list is that ....... In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that ....... No other case can better illustrate the serious problem than the picture above. 一定还需要注意所写的两点原因之间有清晰的逻辑关系哦，在补齐句子时一定要注意。
第三段是需要给出“个人评论”，写大约3-4句话就可以了。In accordance with the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this evil trend. Of all the steps, to do...... tends to function well in the job. Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.
在这样的做题思路之下，有没有觉得考研作文一下子简单许多呢?最后来看看一篇范文，你能写的出来吗?
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing this letter to recommend you a wonderful movie, Pride and Prejudice. And I just watched it two days ago and I love it very much.
The primary contributors for my recommendation are as follows. For one thing, this movie is very touching. It tells a beautiful love story between an arrogant man and a prejudiced lady. For another, it also features excellent English dialogue, because it has both a genius author and a talented screenwriter.
I hope that you will find this movie worthy of attention.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
Here is a picture, interesting but with profound implication. As is vividly depicted in the photo, a tourist is happily enjoying the beautiful scenery on a boat , which successfully captures our eyes. After a close watch, it is disgusting to find that around the boat, there are many rubbish floating on the river. Apparently, what the drawing has subtly showed is supposed to be given further analysis.
Theoretically, several factors may cause the problem conveyed in the picture, but from my perspective, the following two are of utmost importance. On the top of list is that many people have failed to realize the serious result of throwing rubbish here and there. In addition, there is the other point that no one can ignore. It is universally admitted that the current state of the affair depicted in the photo may have been encouraged by the lack of legal penalty. No other case can better illustrate the serious problem than the picture above.
In accordance with the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this evil trend. Of all the steps, to carry forward some related legal penalty rules tends to function well in the job. Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.
考研英语阅读的实用经验分享
(1)有些细节题可能考察的就是一两个单词，和整篇文章主要说明的不对应是正常的，一定要有辨识力。
(2)文章定位后要注意精读，特别注意一类陷阱是偷梁换柱，往往把表述的主体、特点偷换为另一主体(说明一定要把主体确定下来)
(3)对于有些代词的指代在定位后一定要明晰，这往往很重要
(4)全文作者的感情基调一定要把握住，对于态度题，要凭自己的感觉，你得出的感觉往往就是作者想传达给读者的(首先要判断作者是正面还是负面)
(5)作者对谚语、名言、典故的引用往往是为了论证自己的观点
(6)写作目的、举例目的题一定要联系作者的论证观点来答
(7)当题目选项干扰很大无法确定是，比较哪个选项与文章主旨有较大的相关性或者相近性。
考研英语：段落翻译的两大高频考点
翻译的拆分点
例：It was fueled by low interest rates /and kept going by a false sense of security /created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy. (1.5分)
这个例句在15分的段落翻译中占1.5分，具体的`结构划分可从并列连词，从属连词，非谓语动词以及介词短语入手。这句话中有并列连词“and”以及过去分词“created”，因此划分之后每个部分各占0.5分。
一、分词结构
分词结构具有很好的区分度，所以每年都会考查。同学们在最后一个月一定要掌握分词结构的翻译方法。
(1)分词结构做定语的翻译
现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。分词结构做定语一般采用前置译法，译为“……的+中心词”。
例：Business-to-business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers to private extranets.
译文：B2B网站从提供简单引导(的网站)，到给各种各样的买卖双方提供复杂的市场服务，再到连接私人的外联网不等。
(2)分词结构做状语的翻译
分词结构做状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等逻辑关系。翻译时一般译成独立的分句，并添加与主句之间的逻辑关系词。
例1：While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
译文：当这些计算机产生大量二氧化碳的同时，还释放出了大量的热量，因此数据中心又必须装备很好的散热设备，这就会消耗更多的能源。
例2：They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in new products their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
译文：他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者，这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教，在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产。
二、定语从句
翻译定语从句时，应根据定语从句的长短来判定翻译方法：
(1)当定语从句较短时：采用前置译法，译为“……的+中心词”。
(2)当定语从句较长时：采用后置译法，独立翻译成一个分句，关系代词恢复为指示代词或原主语，根据情况添加与主句之间的逻辑关系词。
例：Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes of averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.
译文：金融监管将不得不应对这种最不负责任的并导致银行损失惨重的做法，以期防止下一次危机，而下一次危机很可能包括各种类型的金融技术和资产。
最后阶段复习翻译题型时，一定将复习重点放在高频考点上，一定将自己的译文写出来，然后与参考译文反复对照进行修改，以提升翻译的整体得分。
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