2018专八阅读理解练习题《科技》
科技司现当代的热门话题之一，属于时代性的话题，科技是英语考试经常涉及的内容，考生要特别留意这方面的内容。下面小编就为大家送上一篇相关的2018专八阅读理解练习题。
To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally.A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology;they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire(变得混乱) and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades. and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do.There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the struccure of American fife, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. n is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
1. A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it_____________.
A) is used both as a cultural and a physical object
B) serves different purposes equally well
C) is utilized by man
D) can be of use co both man and animal
2. The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that_________________.
A) if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world
B) technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it
C) technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man
D) being a human creation. technology is liable to error
3. According to the author. the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because__________________.
A) the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind
B) the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before
C) it has helped to switch to an information technology
D) it has a great potential impact on society
4. By using the phrase "the human quality of technology" (Line 7, Para. 2), the author refersto the fact that technology_______________.
A) has a great impact on human life
B) has some characteristics of human nature
C) can replace some aspects of the human mind
D) does not exist in the natural world
5. The passage is based on the author's_______________.
A) keen insight into the nature of technology
B) prejudiced criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution
C) cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers
D) exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology
答案：
1.长矛和机器人只有在什么时候才有技术含量?
A)它们被用作文化和物理实体的时候。
B)它们能同样满足不同的需要的时候。
C)它们被人类所利用的时候。
D)它们可以被人类和动物所利用的时候。
[C]第2段第3句提到，除非人们用矛去捕获猎物或用机器人去生产机器零件，否则二者都只不过是硬梆梆的物体而已。也就是说只有这些东西为人类所用的时候，它们才具有科技含量，C正确。其他选项利用原文个别信息，胡乱拼凑而成，不符题意。
2.作者引述了挑战者和切诺比的例子是为了论证_________________。
A)如果技术没有经过严密的检查，就告被用来摧毁我们的世界
B)技术是人类创造出来的，所以我们应该对它们负责
C)技术如果不受人类控制的话通常会出问题
D)技术是人类创造出来的，容易出错
[D]根据题干关键词the Challenger and Chernobyl查找到第2段第5句。该句提到，美国挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸以及俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核泄露事件彻底暴露了技术的人为性特征。也就是说技术是人为创造出来的`，容易出问题,D正确。B虽然文中有所提及，却不是作者举例要说明的问题，A.C在原文中找不到依据。
3.作者认为，电脑的引入是一种革命，主要的原因是____。
A)电脑大大改变了人类的工作
B)电脑现在可以做以前只能由人来做的工作
C)电脑帮助促成了信息技术
D)电脑对社会有很大的潜在影响力
[D]第3段倒数第2句提到，工业革命之所以是一场革命，原因不在于机器的革新，主要原因是工业革命引发了巨大的社会变化，因此D正确。其他三个选项为这一变化的某一具体表现，不够全面，因此排除。
4.作者使用了“技术的人为性”(第2段第7行)，指的是技术____。
A)能对人类生活产生很大的影响
B)有着一些人性的特点
C)可以取代人类思维的某些方面
D)在自然世界中不存在
[B]根据题干查找到第2段，本词组所在句以两个技术事件说明技术的人为性特征，即技术同人性一样，存在弱点，B正确。
5.文章是建立在作者____的基础之上的。
A)对于技术本质的精辟洞察力
B)对于工业革命作用带有偏见的批判
C)对干人类思维被电脑取代的谨慎分析
D)对技术的负面影响的夸张描述
[A]本题可用排除法。B中的“批判”，C中的“人类思维被电脑取代”在原文找不到作者的相关观点;虽然文中提及科技带来负面的东西，却没有对技术的负面影响进行夸大的描述，此三项均可排除，A正确。
附：如何做专八阅读阅读理解题
1.认真审题，找出文中根据
首先要认真仔细地看清题干和四个选择项，尤其要注意以下几点：
(1) 有时候题干会出现这样的问句：
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The following statements are true EXCEPT .
在这里，要特别注意这个not，是问你“不正确的，错误的”选项，即哪一项是不符合原文内容的。类似否定式提问往往造成考生的误看，所以要特别留意这样的题型。
(2) 从出题角度看，有的试题四个选项的文字用得极其相似，有时甚至只相差一个单词，很容易造成视觉干扰，使考生一下子难以辨认真伪。因此考生要特别注意四个选项之间的细微区别。
(3) 一定要将四个选择项全部看完，在考生认为前一两个选择项正确的时候，往往不再注意后面选项，这样很容易出错，尤其在前面选项碰巧是干扰项的时候。
另外，在文中寻找试题答案时，可以把与试题有关的词、句、语段划出来，分别标上试题的序号，然后对照研读，做出判断。这样有利于缩小摄取有效信息的范围，做到有根有据，便于判断和复查验证，提高答题正确率。这是个在平时操练时十分有用的方法，但在真实考试当中，要根据时间来定是否采取此法。
2. 注意观察问题的类型
了解试题的种类，有助于正确理解试题的要求，以便采用相应的阅读方法，更快速、准确地将答案定位。
阅读理解题的种类概括起来不外乎下面几种：
(1) 细节题——根据文章的内容、信息进行提问。
譬如以what, which, when, where, why等开头的问题。其他常用的结构还有： According to the passage, ... /The story tells us that ... 等。
(2) 主旨题——询问有关文章主要内容、中心大意、作品基调、作者态度、目的。
譬如： “What does the passage mainly discuss?”/“Which of the following is the more appropriate title for the passage?”等。
(3) 推理题——要求考生就已获得的信息进行推理，得出原文字面上未出现的答案。
常见的问题有 “Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about ...”/“ What does the passage imply?”/“ The main purpose of this passage is to ...”等。
(4) 指代题——用于测试考生对具体词义或指代关系的识别能力。
其题类经常为： “The word ‘attribute’ in line 6 means ...”/“What does the underlined phrase in line 38 refer to?”
(5) 评价题——用于测试考生对文章风格、写作手法等的分析能力。
譬如： “What kind of writing technique does the writer use in the passage to ... ?”/“What are the ways the writer uses to create the gloomy impression in the passage?”等。
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