专八英语考试阅读理解练习题（精选8套）

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专八英语考试阅读理解练习题（精选8套）

　　无论是在学习还是在工作中，我们需要用到练习题的情况非常的多，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。那么你知道什么样的习题才能有效帮助到我们吗？以下是小编收集整理的专八英语考试阅读理解练习题（精选8套），仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

专八英语考试阅读理解练习题（精选8套）

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 1

　　This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think of if you could heat what the average man thinks of the average woman/ Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species!

　　On the surface, the comments made by men about women’s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let’s consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.

　　Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can’t don Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ‘rights’. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven’t even been given the cote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly!

　　The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men!

　　1. What does the first sentence imply?

　　[A] It is not really an enlightened age. [B] It is different from an enlightened age.

　　[C] It is the same as an enlightened age. [D] It is like an enlightened age.

　　2. Why do men carry on the sex war against women?

　　[A] Because of their inferiority. [B] Because they shun real competition.

　　[C] Because of their claim to supremacy. [D] Because they still look down upon women.

　　3. The “fiction” is closest in meaning to

　　[A] Novel. [B] Man-made idea. [C] False idea. [D] Story.

　　4. What is the main argument men have raised against women?

　　[A] Women are lack of cold reasoning. [B] They depend on intuition too much.

　　[C] They are unreliable and irrational. [C] They are too still look down upon women.

　　答案详解：

　　1. A. 这确实不是一个启蒙时代。(1)这是第一句话语气和言词传递出来的内容。“这个时代应该是一个启蒙时期，可是假如你听到男人怎么说女人的，你就不会这么认为。”(2)正篇文章也传递了这个信息。

　　B. 不同于启蒙时期。 C. 这时代跟启蒙时代一样。 D. 这时代象个启蒙时期。这三项都不对。

　　2. C. 他们对至高无上权威的追求。答案在最后一段“事实是由于男人们基本的自卑情绪，他们追求至高无上的权威。他们躲避真正的竞争。他们心里明白妇女比他们优秀，因此他们害怕在他们自己的‘游戏’中失利。”

　　A. 因为他们自卑。 B. 因为他们躲避真正的竞争。 D. 因为他们仍然轻视妇女。

　　3. C. 错误观点。Fiction本意为“虚构”，此处上下文决定此义：“可是男人们继续坚持这种错误的观点：有许多工作妇女干不了，两国高级政治谈判，商业和银行几乎全部为男人们所控制，他们忌妒地保卫着他们所谓的权利。”

　　A. 小说。 D. 故事。这是fiction两种基本含义，这里不对。 B. 人为思想。文中没有这种意义。

　　4. C. 他们不可信，不理智。答案见第三段“他们把妇女排除这些领域之外，所提出的论点是(众所周知)老调重弹。他们说妇女不可信，不理智。在做决定时，太依赖于直觉和本能。冷静得推理太少。”

　　A. 他们缺少冷静的推理。 B. 他们太依赖于直觉，这两项只是本段中用以解释“不可信，不理智的。” D. 他们太认真。这是在第二段总提到的内容“我们都知道妇女引起的交通事故比男人少得多，她们非常认真负责不会像发疯似的开车。”　　词汇：

　　1. conscientious 认真的，真心实意的

　　2. maniac 疯狂的，疯子

　　3. preposterous 反常的，荒谬的

　　4. quibble 狡辩，摸棱两可

　　难句译注：

　　1. the inferiority complex 自卑情绪，指一种由自悲感引起的复杂心理状态，对应词是the superiority complex 自高情绪

　　2. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly! 这是对男人想清楚能力的讽刺，译文应根据上下文而定。上文说到“妇女甚至难以想得清楚。可是当妇女证明她们有此能力时，男人拒不承认。”

　　[参考译文] 男人想清楚的能力可真大啊。

　　3. But this is a minor quibble.

　　[参考译文] 这是一个小小的`狡辩。

　　4. They have often put men to shame.

　　[参考译文] 她们经常使男人无地自容。

　　写作方法与文章大意：

　　文章论及“男人轻视妇女”的问题。采用对比因果的手法写作。先提出妇女经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，赢得了独立的胜利，得到了承认，可是斗争远没结束。因为男子继续在进行性别斗争。下面就从男女双方对比，也可以说，男方轻视妇女及其理由，女方据理反驳。最后作者指出男人轻视妇女的根本原因是他们的自卑情绪。

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 2

　　Shark attack!

　　Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.” I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.

　　In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the shark’s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.

　　Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans, Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

　　The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when accacking seals, great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.” They spit us out because we’re too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

　　Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information, Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

　　练习：

　　1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark C .

　　A) bit his surfboard B) bit his fingers

　　C) swam away D) attacked him

　　2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites A .

　　A) often let humans escape B) kill humans

　　C) have so many teeth D) grow to six meters or more

　　3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? B

　　A) create B) are C) increase D) depend upon

　　4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means B .

　　A) people’s B) great whites’ C) sea lions’ D) seals’

　　5. What is the main idea of the forth paragraph? C

　　A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.

　　B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet

　　C) We now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.

　　D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.

　　译文“

　　克雷格罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。

　　克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。

　　虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长封6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢?鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。

　　最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或是海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的'主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。

　　诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格·罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到底是个什么东西。

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 3

　　Look at the statements below and the advice to businesses on the opposite page about using other companies to run their IT services.

　　1、the need to teach skills to employees working on the outsourced process

　　2、remembering the initial reason for setting up the outsourced project

　　3、the need to draw up agreements that set out how integration is to be achieved

　　4、addressing the issue of staff who work on the outsourced process being at a distant site

　　5、the importance of making someone responsible for the integration process

　　6、staff on the outsourced project familiarising themselves with various details of the business

　　7、problems being associated with an alternative to outsourcing

　　When a business decides to outsource its IT services, it needs to consider the question of integration. Four experts give their views.

　　A.Gianluca Tramcere, Silica Systems

　　An outsourced IT service is never a fully independent entity. It is tied to the home companys previous and continuing systems of working. But despite the added responsibility of managing new ways of working, many businesses ignore the integration process. They fail to establish contracts that define the ways in which the two companies will work alongside one another, and focus solely on the technological aspects of service delivery.

　　B.Kevin Rayner, Domola

　　Businesses need to build integration competency centres dedicated to managing the integration effort. It is critical to have an individual in charge to check that the external and internal business operations work together. Although companies often think of outsourcing as a way of getting rid of people and assets, they need to remember that, at the same time, outsourcing involves gaining people. Because there is a new operation being carried out in a different way outside of the home business, this creates a training element.

　　C.Clayton Locke, Digital Solutions

　　Communication is the key to success, and outsourcing to other regions or countries can lead to a range of problems. For any such initiative, it is necessary to create a team where there is good, open communication and a clear understanding of objectives and incentives. Bringing people to the home location from the outsourced centre is necessary, since it can aid understanding of the complexities of the existing system. To integrate efficiently, outsourcing personnel have to talk to the home companys executives and users to understand their experiences.

　　D.Kim Noon, J G Tech

　　One way to avoid the difficulties of integration is to create a joint-venture company with the outsourcer. Thus, a company can swap its assets for a share of the profits. Yet joint ventures bring potential troubles, and companies should be careful not to lose sight of the original rationale for outsourcing: to gain cost efficiencies and quality of service in an area that for some reason could not be carried out entirely in-house. The complexities and costs of a joint-venture initiative should not be underestimated.

　　这篇文章讲的是外购(outsourcing),分别有四位专家就这个问题给出了自己的看法。A段的专家强调建立合同的重要性，B段专家认为要派专人负责，C段专家讲外派人员和本公司之间要有一个互动，D段专家讲如果与外包商(outsourcer)组成联合企业的话可能带来的一系列问题。如果对文章有个大概、基本的了解，很多题目不用细看就可以得出结论。

　　第一题的答案稍微有些隐晦，在B段的最后一句。“Because there is a new operation being carried out in a different way outside of the home business, this creates a training element.”因为新的操作是在本公司以外的地方以一种新的方式被执行，所以产生了培训成分。这里的training对应第一题的“teach skills to employees”。

　　第二题的答案在D段中间: companies should be careful not to lose sight of the original rationale for outsourcing.这里的rationale是基本原理、根本原因的意思。

　　第三题的答案在A段，非常明显的“establish contracts”。

　　第四段的答案是C段的最后一句话，outsourcing personnel have to talk to the home companys executives and users to understand their experiences.这里的talk to对应address，向....谈话。第四题的意思是“说明在远址工作的外购人员的事情”，也就是C段最后一句说的外购人员向公司汇报他们的`经历。

　　第五段的答案在B段，相当明显：It is critical to have an individual in charge to check that the external and internal business operations work together。需要派专人负责integration。

　　第六题说“外派人员要熟悉自身工作的不同细节”，对应C段的“create a team where there is a clear understanding of objectives and incentives.”打造一个对目标和动机都有清晰理解的团队。

　　第七题稍微绕一点。题目里的“an alternative to outsourcing”指的是D段里的“create a joint-venture company with the outsourcer”，建立一个联合企业。D段里的专家一直在强调联合企业的麻烦和复杂性(joint ventures bring potential troubles)，所以是正确答案。

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 4

　　The Only Way Is Up

　　Think of a modem city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings，pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height.But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

　　When people gather together in cities，they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made，that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.

　　The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work，or home.

　　Elisha Otis，a US inventor，was the man who brought us the lift-or elevator，as he preferred to call it.However，most of the technology is very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake，which stops the lift falling ifthe cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention1.In fact，he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds，giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

　　A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts2.

　　“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space3 we carry around with us-and you just can’t choose to move away，”says workplace psychologist，Gary Fitzgibbon.Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions，he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the comers.Most people try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a comer taking notes.

　　Don’t worry about them.They fire probably from a university.

　　练习：

　　1. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

　　A) are worried about their past.

　　B) have a glorious past to be proud of.

　　C) want to maintain their traditional image.

　　D) are very interested in their own history.

　　2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

　　A) the shortage of money.

　　B) the lack ora device to carry people upward.

　　C) backward technology.

　　D) mountains taking up land space.

　　3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift，

　　A) he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.

　　B) the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.

　　C) it was accepted favorably by the public.

　　D) most people had doubt about its safety.

　　4. Which of the tbllowing best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

　　A) Fascinating.

　　B) Uninteresting.

　　C) Frightening.

　　D) Exciting.

　　5. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

　　A) here humans behave the way animals do.

　　B) people in a lift are all scared.

　　C) here some people take notes.

　　D) in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

　　答案与题解：

　　1. C be concemed with是“关心、关注”的意思，顾可排除B和D两个选项，根据前面一句话，these cities是指那些不允许建筑物超出一定高度的'城市，即不愿意改变固有形象的城市。

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 5

　　Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.

　　After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.

　　In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?

　　The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeed a march of death.

　　1. The Cherokee Nation used to live

　　A) on the American continent.

　　B) In the southeastern part of the US.

　　C) Beyond the Mississippi River.

　　D) In the western territory.

　　2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of

　　A) writing down the spoken language.

　　B) Making word pictures.

　　C) Teaching his people reading.

　　D) Printing their own newspaper.

　　3. A law was passed in 1830 to

　　A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.

　　B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.

　　C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.

　　D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.

　　4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.

　　A) they went in carts.

　　B) They went on horseback.

　　C) They marched on foot.

　　D) All of the above.

　　5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because

　　A) they were not willing to go there.

　　B) The government did not provide transportation

　　C) They did not have enough food and clothes.

　　D) The journey was long and boring.

　　KEY: BACDC

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 6

　　The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

　　Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

　　Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

　　One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

　　Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.

　　1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

　　[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.

　　[B] Identify a problem.

　　[C] Bring together disparate facts.

　　[D] Stipulate clear goals.

　　2. The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

　　[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

　　[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

　　[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

　　[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

　　3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

　　[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.

　　[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not.

　　[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.

　　[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.

　　4. The text provides support for which of the following statements?

　　[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

　　[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

　　[C] Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.

　　[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

　　[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.

　　[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

　　[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.

　　[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.

　　答案与考点解析

　　1. 「答案」D

　　「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的senior managers暗示本题的答案信息在第三段,因为第三段首句包含题干中的senior managers。通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。

　　2. 「答案」D

　　「考点解析」这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本题答案信息的最主要来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。

　　3. 「答案」C

　　「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本题的答案信息在第四段,因为第四段首句含有和题干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调act(行动),可见本题的正确选项应该是强调行动的选项C.本题的答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准确地审题定位,然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

　　4. 「答案」D

　　「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第一段的尾句,并结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思路时,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子结构。

　　5. 「答案」B

　　「考点解析」本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要注意句子之间的相互关系。

　　[参考译文] 大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式,即：首先确定目标,然后估定问题,摆出各种可能性,估计成功率,再做决定,最后才付诸行动去实施。相反,在这些人的日常决策过程中,他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特无比或者令人惊异的事物中做抉择,而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。

　　管理学作品的写作者早就注意到了实践当中一些管理者对直觉依赖很强。不过总的来说,这些写作者未曾表达出什么叫做直觉。有些人将其视作理性的对立面,还有人认为它是反复无常的(做法、性格)的一个借口。

　　Isenberg最近对高层管理人员认知过程的研究揭示了管理者的直觉并不是上述的任何一种情况。高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使用直觉。首先,他们直觉地感到有问题存在。第二,依靠直觉,管理者们能很快表现出有教养的行为方式。这种直觉并不是任意,非理性的`,而是在多年实践磨练,和亲身体验培养出的技能的基础上形成。第三,直觉把一些零散的数据和实际情况组合为一个完整画面,这经常表现为一声Aha式的体验。第四,有些管理者也应用直觉来检验更理性化分析的结果。大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具,那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出决定的人经常会对一种情况保持警惕,那就是有时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。最后,管理者可通过直觉绕开深奥的分析而快速产生一个可能的解决办法。这么使用时,直觉几乎是一个瞬间的思维过程,这一模式为管理者所熟悉。

　　这些管理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思考和行动不能分开。由于(在这种方式中)管理者在分析和解释问题之前就已经明白应该怎么去做,他们经常是先行动,后解释。在思考?D行动的循环中,分析是必不可少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠分析他们面对的形势来思考其公司、组织的情况,而是行动和分析在高度一致地进行。

　　由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况,他们鼓励采取各种行动来对问题作一番深入了解。他们藉此对问题做出更深的体会。这种思考行为循环的一个特点即：行动是确定问题的一部分,而不只是解决问题的步骤。

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 7

　　Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

　　Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.

　　Those conclusions are important because recent，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 on the study.

　　Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.

　　The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women，reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

　　“Most of US like the taste of salt.However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.”said Hayes.“Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely，consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor，and at least for these foods，more is better，so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

　　However，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese，Hayes noted.“For example，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt，”he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronouncedo6.”

　　Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result，Hayes explained，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

　　“Some people，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter，while others.called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter，”he said.“Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological difterences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness. (476)

　　词汇：

　　publicize v.引起公众对…的注意;(用广告)宣传 ferment v.(使)发酵

　　geneticist n.遗传学家

　　dietary adj.饮食的;规定食物的 acuity n.敏锐;尖锐

　　注释：

　　1.Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences：即Penn State University-College of Agricultural Sciences宾州州立大学农学院。Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有24个分校。在句中，Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences用作定语，修饰food scientist。

　　2.well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food：大力宣传减少食物含盐量的做法

　　3.1eft many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others：使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的`食物。fare相当于food。

　　4.1ead investigator：研发项目负责人

　　5.…carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips，on multiple occasion，spread out over weeks：……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。

　　6.too pronounced：此处pronounced为形容词，意为very noticeable，conspicuous(明显的，显著的)。

　　7.supertasting：超重味感

　　专八英语考试阅读理解练习题 8

　　People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.

　　About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture?writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures

　　still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.

　　By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.

　　These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.

　　1. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ?___ ___

　　A. the hunters wanted to see the pictures

　　B. the painters were animal lovers

　　C. the painters wanted to show imagination

　　D. the pictures were thought to be helpful

　　2. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ?___ ___

　　A. the former was easy to write

　　B. there were fewer signs in the former

　　C. the former was easy to pronounce

　　D. each sign stood for only one sound

　　3. Which of the following statements is TRUE

　　A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.