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中考英语不规则动词

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中考英语常用不规则动词大汇总

  中考英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?百分网小编为大家分享下面的中考英语常用不规则动词大汇总,快来查漏补缺吧!

中考英语常用不规则动词大汇总

  ★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:

  一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)

  cost—cost—cost

  cut—cut—cut

  hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt

  let—let—let

  put—put—put

  read—read—read

  set—set—set

  shut—shut—shut

  二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)

  1、过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)

  bring—brought—brought

  buy—bought—bought

  think—thought—thought

  2、词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)

  build—built—built

  lend—lent—lent

  send—sent—sent

  spend—spent—spent

  3、过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)

  catch—caught—caught

  teach—taught—taught

  4、把-eep变为-ept。(3个)

  keep—kept—kept

  sleep—slept—slept

  sweep—swept—swept

  5、把-ell变为-old。(2个)

  tell—told—told

  sell—sold—sold

  6、过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)

  smell—smelt—smelt

  spell—spelt—spelt

  feel—felt—felt

  spill—spilt—spilt

  7、过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)

  learn—learnt—learnt

  mean—meant—meant

  spoil—spoilt—spoilt

  8、过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)

  say—said—said

  pay—paid—paid

  lay—laid—laid

  hear—heard—heard

  9、改变元音字母。(11个)

  meet—met—met

  get—got—got

  sit—sat—sat

  find—found—found

  hold—held—held

  spit—spat—spat

  shine—shone—shone

  win—won—won

  hang—hung—hung

  dig—dug—dug

  lose—lost—lost

  10、改变辅音字母。(1个)

  make—made—made

  11、改变元、辅音字母。(4个)

  leave—left—left

  stand—stood—stood

  have(has)—had—had

  understand—understood—understood

  三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)

  1、i—a—u变化。(6个)

  begin—began—begun

  drink—drank—drunk

  sing—sang—sung

  ring—rang—rung

  swim—swam—swum

  sink—sank—sunk

  2、词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)

  blow—blew—blown

  draw—drew—drawn

  grow—grew—grown

  know—knew—known

  throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

  3、词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)

  drive—drove—driven

  write—wrote—written

  ride—rode—ridden

  rise—rose—risen

  4、过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)

  break—broke—broken

  choose—chose—chosen

  freeze—froze—frozen

  speak—spoke—spoken

  wake—woke—woken

  5、过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)

  forget—forgot—forgotten

  6、过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)

  be—was(were)—been

  eat—ate—eaten

  fall—fell—fallen

  give—gave—given

  see—saw—seen

  hide—hid—hidden(hid)

  7、词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)

  take—took—taken

  mistake—mistook—mistaken

  8、原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)

  do—did—done

  fly—flew—flown

  go—went—gone

  lie—lay—lain

  show—showed—shown

  wear—wore—worn

  四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)

  beat—beat—beaten

  五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)

  come—came—come

  become—became—become

  run—ran—run

  六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)

  can—could

  may—might

  will—would

  shall—should

  ★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。

  一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:

  cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

  (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)

  二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:

  beat/beat/beaten

  三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:

  come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run

  (come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)

  四、过去式,过去分词相同:

  (1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

  meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed

  (2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

  feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept

  keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept

  (3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t

  spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt

  (4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾

  catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought

  buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought

  (5)将stand改为stood

  stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood

  (6)将ay改为aid

  lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said

  (7)将d改为t

  lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent

  spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built

  (8)将i改为a,o,u等

  sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat

  dig/dug/dugwin/won/won

  (9)将ell改为old

  tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold

  (10)词尾加t

  learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant

  dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt

  (11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:

  learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned

  shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined

  hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged

  smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled

  burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned

  light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted

  (12)其它

  have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard

  shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost

  hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)

  find/found/foundmake/made/made

  leave/left/left

  五、三者均不同:

  (1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

  blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown

  grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known

  throw/threw/thrown

  值得注意的是:

  show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn

  (2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词

  begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk

  ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung

  swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk

  (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾

  drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written

  rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden

  (4)原形后加n变成过去分词

  drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten

  give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen

  (5)过去式后加n变成过去分词

  break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen

  freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken

  steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken

  take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)

  (6)其它

  be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten

  go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen

  wear/wore/worn

  六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。

  wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked

  sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken

  七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:

  shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:

  shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮

  hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死

  八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词

  lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

  lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying

  find找到、发现find/found/found

  found创建,成立found/founded/founded

  九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

  (一)词义相对:

  (1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去

  (2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得

  (3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)

  或wake/waked/waked醒来

  (4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

  sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉

  (5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖

  (6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来

  (7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

  或learn/learned/learned学习、学会

  (8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到

  win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

  (9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

  (10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到

  (二)词义相近:

  (1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜

  (2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解

  know/knew/known知道,了解,认识

  (3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得

  become/became/become变成,成为,变得

  go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成

  (4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过

  pay/paid/paid。支付、交纳

  cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

  take/took/taken花费

  (5)say/said/said说、讲

  speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

  tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定

  talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

  ★记忆法三:

  1、无变化,过去式与原形相同。

  let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut

  (shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)

  2、元音字母的变化。

  i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank

  i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,

  (strive→strovearise→arose)

  i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)

  a→oo:take→took,shake→shook

  e→o:get→got,forget→forgot

  o→a:come→came,become→became

  oo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose

  3、元音字母组合的变化。

  aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew

  4、元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。

  (1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold

  (2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid

  (3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept

  (4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought

  (5)catch→caught,teach→taught

  (6)can→could,will→would,shall→should

  5、辅音字母变化。

  (1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent

  (2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard

  (3)mean→meant,learn→learnt

  AAA型:即原型、过去式和过去分词都相同

  口诀1:(三句口诀任选一种)(10个单词)

  助记口诀①:

  花钱cost 切割cut(门窗),(头被)撞击hit,(心)受伤hurt;让let 读书read 放put;安置set 关闭shut 传播spread(厂)

  助记口诀②:

  2H(hit, hurt) 花钱(cost) 让(let) 3S(set,shut,spread) 放(put)(下)读书(read)(去)切割(cut)

  助记口诀③:

  让(let)他 放(put)下 砍(cut)刀去 读(read)书,以免 伤害(hurt)头被 撞(hit),还要 花钱(cost)安置(set) 关闭(shut) 传播(spread)厂。

  AAA型(原形→原形→原形)

  原形 过去式  过去分词  汉语意思

  cost cost    cost 花费,值

  cut  cut    cut 切,割

  hit  hit     hit 撞,击

  hurt hurt   hurt 使…伤痛

  let  let    let 让

  put put     put 放

  read read   read 读

  set  set     set 安排,安置

  shut shut    shut 关闭

  spread spread spread 传播,散布

  注意:read ---read--- read发音分别是: [ri:d]---[red]---[red]

  AAB型:即原型和过去式相同

  口诀2:

  打败天下无敌手,分加en(1个单词)

  原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思

  beat beat beaten 打败

  ABA型:即原型和过去分词相同

  口诀3:

  跑、来、成为、超越,元音字母变成a(4个单词)

  原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思

  become became become 成为

  come   came    come 来

  run ran    run   跑

  overcome overcame overcome 超越

  ABB型:即过去式和过去分词相同

  口诀4:

  教书被抓,有a则a, aught (2个单词)

  原形→aught →aught

  原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思

  catch caught caught 捉,抓

  teach taught taught 教

  口诀5:

  想带来买(个)打架,无a则o, ought (4个单词)

  原形→ought →ought

  原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思

  bring brought brought 带来

  buy bought bought 买

  fight fought fought 打架

  think thought thought 思考

  口诀6:

  加速射击喂牛遇见领导,“过分”后一个元音字母去掉

  了。(“过分”指过去式和过去分词)(5个单词)

  speed(加速)---sped--sped

  (speed(加速)---speeded--speeded)

  shoot(射击)---shot--shot

  feed(喂养,饲养---fed---fed

  meet(遇见)---met---met

  lead(带路,领路--led---led

  口诀7:

  坐下临时照看(想)吐痰,“过分”i变a。(3个单词)

  sit(坐)---sat---sat,

  babysit(代人临时照顾婴孩)---babysat---babysat

  spit(吐痰)---spat---spat

  口诀8:

  挖刺(粘贴)悬挂,原形中间的元音字母变成u。(3个单词)

  dig(挖)---dug---dug ,

  hang(悬挂)---hung---hung,

  stick(粘贴,将……刺入)---stuck---stuck

  口诀9:

  ①(清洁工)睡觉(时还)保持打扫(的)感觉(却)睡过头(eep,eel中间去个e末尾加个t)(5个单词)

  ②我觉(feel)得,卫生靠平时保持(keep),睡觉(sleep)时就不要想着扫(sweep)地了,可以睡过头(oversleep)。

  feel(觉)---felt---felt

  keep(保存)---kept---kept

  sleep(睡)---slept---slept

  oversleep(睡过头)---overslept---overslept

  sweep(扫)---swept---swept

  口诀10:

  ①建造借出送花费,“过分”都是原形末尾的d变t。(4个单词)

  ②我花钱(spend)建造(build)的房子,可以借(lend)给你 ,不能送(send)给你。

  build(造)---built---built

  lend(借)---lent---lent

  send(邮寄,发送)---sent---sent

  spend(花费)---spent---spent

  口诀11:

  丢失闻拼写原形末尾的字母换成t。(3个单词)

  lose(丢失)---lost---lost

  smell(嗅)---smelt--smelt

  spell(拼写)---spelt---spelt

  口诀12:

  ①梦见着火学习对付意思,“过分”原形后面加个t,梦见着火学习点燃也可以加ed。(6个单词)

  ②“‘燃烧’(burn)意思是(mean)什么?” 我没有学会(learn),我做梦(dream)了,该怎么对付(deal)

  burn(着火)---burnt---burnt,

  dream(做梦)---dreamt---dreamt,

  learn(学习)---learnt---learnt,

  deal(对付)---dealt---dealt

  mean(意思是)---meant---meant

  light(点燃)---lighted/---lighted,

  light(点燃)---lit/---lit,

  口诀13:

  听见“过分”直接加个d, 制造是k变d。(2个单词)

  hear(听见)---heard---heard

  make(制造)---made---made

  口诀14

  ①放置(产卵)说付钱,ay变成aid。(3个单词)

  ②一只下蛋(lay)的鹅说(say):“赶快付钱(pay)”。

  lay(放,搁)---laid---laid,

  pay(付报酬)---paid---paid,

  say(说,讲)---said---said

  口诀15:

  照耀赢了,i变o,发现i变为ou。(3个单词)

  shine(照耀)---shone---shone

  win(赢)---won---won,

  find(发现)---found---found

  口诀16:

  ①站立理解an变为oo。(2个单词)

  ②站(stand)着就听明白(understand)了。

  stand(站立/忍受/坐落)---stood---stood,

  understand(理解)---understood---understood

  口诀17:

  ①告诉卖(老头)ell变old。(2个单词)

  ②告诉(tell)他不要卖(sell)那个老古董。

  sell(卖)---sold---sold

  tell(告诉)---told---told

  口诀18:

  得到握住e,o互换,have的ve变为d, leave的ave变为ft。(4个单词)

  get(成为/得到/到达)---got---got

  hold(握,抓住)---held---held

  have(有/吃/进行)---had---had

  leave(离开/遗留/剩下)---left---left

  ABC型:即原型、过去式和过去分词不相同

  口诀19:

  ①游泳喝酒唱歌开始打电话(谁知)下沉了。i---a---u(原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变为a,在过去分词中变为u。)(6个单词)

  ②铃响(ring)后,开始(begin)唱歌(sing),游泳(swim)时,不要喝(drink)太多的水,否则会下沉(sink)的。

  begin(开始,着手)---began---begun

  drink(喝,饮)---drank---drunk

  ring(响铃/打电话)---rang---rung

  sing(唱歌)---sang---sung

  sink(下沉)---sank---sunk

  swim(游泳)---swam---swum

  口诀20:

  ①长大后画画知道扔吹飞,过变ew,分加n(以字母ow或aw结尾的动词,在过去式中变成ew,过去分词则在原形后加-n。)(6个单词)

  ②长(grow)大后,才知道(know),不要乱扔(throw)乱吹(blow)乱画(draw)。

  blow(刮风)---blew---blown

  grow(成长/种植)---grew---grown

  know(知道)---knew---known

  throw(投)---threw---thrown

  draw(绘画)---drew---drawn

  fly(飞)---flew---flown

  注意:飞

  口诀21:

  生育穿戴,ear过变ore,分变orn(原形-ear,过去式-ore,过去分词-orn。)(2个单词)

  bear(生育)---bore---born

  wear(穿)---wore---worn

  口诀22:

  偷盗醒来结冰打破选择说忘记,过去元音变成o,偷盗打破说未成还要e尾随,分词“过”后加n。(7个单词)

  break(打破)---broke---broken,

  choose(选择)---chose---chosen,

  freeze(结冰)---froze---frozen,

  speak(说)---spoke---spoken,

  forget(忘记)---forgot---forgotten,

  steal(偷盗)---stole---stolen,

  wake(醒来)---woke---woken,

  注意:忘记分词要双写t

  口诀23:

  升起驾驶骑车写字,过i变o(眼睁大),分加en, 注意骑车写字双写辅音(d和t)。(4个单词)

  rise(升起/出现)---rose----risen

  drive(驾驶/驱赶)---drove---driven

  ride(骑)---rode---ridden

  write(写)---wrote---written

  口诀24:

  规则的撒谎,不规则的躺,躺下就下蛋,下蛋不规则。(3个单词)

  lie(躺/平放/位于)---lay---lain,

  lie (撒谎、说谎)---lied ---lied

  lay (放置,产卵,下蛋)---laid ---laid

  口诀25:

  是给吃看见落下,隐藏弄错摇动拿,分词结尾是en。(9个单词)

  be(是)---was/were---been

  give(给)---gave---given

  eat(吃)---ate---eaten

  see(看见)---saw---seen

  fall(落下)---fell---fallen

  hide(隐藏)---hid---hidden

  mistake(弄错)---mistook---mistaken

  shake(摇动)---shook---shaken

  take(拿)---took---taken

  口诀26:其他变化形式(3个)

  do, did, done, go, went, gone, 我们常常见;show,showed,shown展示看

  do(做/干)---did---done

  go(去/到达)---went---gone

  show(出示)---showed---shown

  没有过去分词的动词(情态动词)

  口诀27:

  can(能/可能)---could, may(可以/可能)---might

  shall(将/会)---should, will(将/愿意)---would

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