2017年职称英语卫生类考试辅导资料
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Easy Learning
Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds — one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between1. EEG2 recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups3. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.4
When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds — so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.
翻译：
轻松学习
Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
学生应该嫉妒。婴儿们不只打他们的天了，但他们也在睡眠中掌握学习的艺术。
By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
当婴儿一岁，他们可以识别出很多声音，甚至简单的单词。位于芬兰的图尔库大学的玛丽Cheour怀疑他们进步这么快的原因可能是在睡觉的时候，以及他们醒着的时候他们学习语言。
To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds — one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between1. EEG2 recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
为了检验这一理论，Cheour和她的同事们在他们生命的最初几天，研究了45新生儿。他们让所有的婴儿在一个小时的芬兰元音-一个听起来像“oo”，另一个类似“ee”和三分之一的边界音芬兰语和类似语言特有的听起来像1。在此之前和之后的显示新生儿不能辨别声音的婴儿大脑的eeg2录音。
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups3. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.4
十五的婴儿随他们的母亲回去了，而其余的被分成两个睡眠研究基群。一个组的婴儿夜间睡觉的时候同三个元音的录音，而其他人也听，更容易区分的元音。4
When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
在上午的测试时，又在晚上，谁会整夜听到棘手的边界音的婴儿显示出的脑波活动说明他们现在能够识别这个新声音。他们可以识别甚至当这个音的.音调变化，而其他的婴儿不可能在所有的边界元音挑。
Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds — so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.
Cheour不知道婴儿是如何完成这个夜间学习的，但是她怀疑这种特殊能力说明跟大人不一样，婴儿没有“关闭”，他们的大脑皮层在他们睡觉的时候。技能可能消失在生命的第一年的课程，她补充道，所以忘了的想法，你可以拿起棘手的法语元音只是把一盘语言录音带放在你的枕头下一个成人。但这并不能帮助成年人，Cheour希望利用睡眠时间的孩子的基因在语言障碍的风险给予补救。
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