句子成分和类型

句子成分和类型 | 楼主 | 2017-07-12 07:29:23 共有3个回复
  1. 1句子成分和类型
  2. 2句子成分和类型
  3. 3简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析

二谓语说明主语的动作和状态,副词介词短语名词词组动词不定式分词短语,简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子,英语句子成分一句子成分的定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分和类型2017-07-12 07:29:11 | #1楼回目录

I.句子成分

一.主语:是句子要说明的人或物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式

和主语从句都可以充当句子的主语成分。

e.g.Experienceisthebestteacher.

Heknowsagreatdeal.

Threefromfiveleavestwo.

Growingflowersismyhobby.

Togetonthatcrowdedbusisverydifficult.

Whathedidwasright.

注意几点:

1.the+adj.也可以构成主语结构。

e.g.Theoldshouldbetakengoodcareof.

Thenewreplacestheold.

2.动名词或是动词不定式做主语的时候,可以用it做形式主语。

e.g.Itisverydifficulttogetonthatcrowdedbus.

Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

3.介词短语不能做主语。

e.g.Bybusismyfavoritemeansoftransportation.(wrong)

Butwecansay:Underthetableliesacat.

Onthewallhangtwopictures.

二.谓语:说明主语的动作和状态。动词或动词短语在句中充当谓语,一般放在主语之后,有一定的时态和语

态。

e.g.Thecrowdcheered.

Sheisastudent.

Ihavealreadyreadit.

Youneednotgoinperson.

Wetookpartinaneveninglastnight.

Mybikewasstolenyesterday.

**注意主谓一致。

三.宾语:动作所涉及的人或物。有动词宾语和介词宾语之分。名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和宾

语从句都可以充当宾语成分。

e.g.Theydoexerciseeveryday.

Theyoftenhelpus.

----Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?----Ihavethree.

Wealllikeswimming.

Theywantedtogohome.

Idon’tknowwhenhewillbeback.

WangHualentmeanoveltoreadonthebus.

注意:动词不定式只能做动词宾语,不做介词宾语。

e.g.Iwanttoswim.

Iamfondofswimming.

Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.

四.宾语补足语:跟在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、

动词不定式、分词等都可以作宾补。

Judge:1.Heworkedverywell.

2.Hewelcomeduswarmly.

e.g.WeconsiderTomanhonestboy.

Thegoodnewsmadeushappyandgay.

Wesupposedhimupstairs.

Weconsiderheraboveothers.

WebelieveTomtobeafineplayer.

Wemusthavethehouserebuilt.

Don’tleavehimwaitingoutside.

五.表语:在系动词后面用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分。名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词

不定式、动名词和表语从句都可作表语。

系动词:be;get;become;grow;taste;sound;smell;feel;stay;look;seem;turnetc.

1

e.g.Mr.Brownisanengineer.

It’sme.

Hisexplanationsoundsquitereasonable.

He’supstairs.

Heisintheroom.

Mytaskistopaintthehousetoday.

Theimportantthingisknowingwhattodo.

Mymothergotexcitedatthenews.

Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairtheradio.

六.定语:用来修饰和限定名词或代词的成分。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、

分词、定语从句都可以用作定语。

e.g.Abrightfutureshinesbeforeoureyes.

abookstore;mybooks;threebooks

Thebookherebelongstome.

ThestudentsofClaSixarehavinganEnglishlesson.

Ihavealotofworktodo.

Thegirlplayingtheviolinismysister.

Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.

IliketheplacewhereIwasborn.

七.状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语

和状语从句都可以充当状语。

e.g.Chinaisextremelyrichinnaturalresources.

Theboyshaveleftthehousebythebackdoor.

Wehavealreadywalked30miles.

Hewillleavethedayaftertomorrow.

Tomasteraforeignlanguage,youmuststudyithard.

Albertisinthebedroomreadingabook.

Troubledbytheproblem,sheaskedherteacherforhelp.

IwaswatchingTVwhenhecamein.

Asitwasfine,wewentouting.

八.同位语:有主语同位语和宾语同位语之分,用来补充说明或解释主语或宾语的成分。名词词组和同位语从

句可充当同位语。

e.g.Weloveourcountry,thegreatPeople’sRepublicofChina.

Thequestionwhetherhewaswrongtroubledusalot.

Thewholenationwassorryforthenewsthattheirpresidenthadpassedaway.

Practice:分析句子成分

1.Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyouleaveyourroom.

2.Theyaresittingcloseagainstthewallandhavingarest.

3.Tomisoneofmyclosefriendwhoarealwaysreadytohelpme.

4.IforgottorepairmywatchbecauseIwasinahurrytogohome.

5.ThemilkproducedinTibettastesgood.

6.Itissillytotalklikethat.

7.Theriverrosetenfeetintheevening.

8.WecalledTomourwalkingdictionary.

9.YouhadbetteranswerthequestioninEnglish.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Shegavehimapieceofpapertowriteon.Thepeopleallovertheworldarehopingforpeace.Thelittlegirlcandreherselfnow.Itwasapitythatyoudidn'twatchthewonderfulfootballmatch.Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthevictimsindifficulty.2

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Iprefermycoffeehot.Ipreferhotcoffee.Youmayaskthewomansittingatthetable.Whereveryougo,youcannotsucceedperseverance.Dareyourefusetogo?Don’tworryaboutme.Takecareofyourself.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Hearingthegoodnewsthatourteamhadwonthegame,wejumpedwithjoy.SheexpressedthehopethatshewouldvisitChinaagainwhenwesawheroff.TheboynexttoMaryusuallywalkstoschoolexceptwhenitrains.Ialwayshelpwhoeverisinneedofhelp.ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.

II.句法

什么是句子?

KEY:含有主语和谓语成分并表达明确意思的语言单位称为句子。

e.g.Heworkshard.

Heisjumping.

Hehasbeenexamined.

句子的三种类型:

1.简单句(SimpleSentence):只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子。

e.g.WelearnEnglish.

RobertandJimoftenstudyandplaytogether.

英语句子虽然变化多端,但都离不开以下六种基本句型:

(1)主语+谓语+(状语)

e.g.Johnstudiesverywell.

Thetaperecorderdoesn'tworkatall.

(2)主语+谓语+表语+(状语)

e.g.MiJonesisasecretary.

Hewasverysurprisedatthenews.

(3)主语+谓语+宾语+(状语)

e.g.Yesterdayonlyafewpeopleattendedthemeeting.

Hedidn’tthinkthatthecarwasexpressive.

(4)主语+谓语+双宾语+(状语)

e.g.IwroteTomaletteryesterday.

Motherwillbuymeadreformybirthday.

(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补+(状语)

e.g.Thejudgeprovedherinnocent.

Weconsidertheproposalimpractical.

(6)There+be+主语+(状语)

e.g.Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.

Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.

2.并列句(CompoundSentence):由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。通常有并列连词或分号把这些句子连起来。

e.g.Themanboughtacarbuthiswifedidn’tknowaboutit.

Gohome,oryourmotherwillbeworried.

Igotuplatethismorning,soIwaslatefortheclass.

3.主从复合句(ComplexSentence):有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是句子的主体,从

句只是句子的一个成分。通常用从属连词把主句和从句连接起来。

e.g.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.

Hecametoknowthatknowledgeispower.

Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.

ThisisthenewbookIboughtlastweek.

Foodforthought?

1.Thesurgeonrepairedtheorganofthesickperson,laterhebegantorecover.

2.Turnleft,youwillfindthebank.

3.Therearemanyworkershere,mostofthemarewomen.

4.Workinghardandyouwilldoitwell.

5.Thoughhewasrich,buthedoesnotfeelhappy.

Translation:(并分析句子成分)

1.第一次世界大战于1914年爆发。

2.他被选为我们班的班长,因为他为大家所喜爱。

3.那个生气的老师叫粗心的学生把生词抄写50遍。

4.我们都知道一个单元通常由四个部分组成。

5.一进饭店,他就给自己叫了一杯咖啡。

6.他说的话似乎是对的。

7.听到好消息,所有在场的人都欢呼了起来。

8.每天,妈妈都看着女儿过马路。

9.去年我的生日,我父母给我买了一台电脑来鼓励我好好学习。

10.我们要做的第一件事是要相互了解。

句子成分和类型2017-07-12 07:28:55 | #2楼回目录

英语句子成分2016-9-14(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(数词)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

Isityours?(代词)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)

Thespeechisexciting.(分词)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副词)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

Letthefreshairin.(副词)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)

Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名词)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)

Waitaminute.(名词)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)

练习一

1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.

2.Seeingisbelieving

3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch

4.Shebecameadoctorin1998

5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine

6.Suddenlyitbegantorain

7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday

8.Ialwaysfindherhappy

9.HewondersifIstillstudyEnglish

10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine

二、选择填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://www.oh100.com aded

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We, http://www.oh100.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

练习一:

1They(主语)areworking(系表结构做谓语)onthefarm(地点状语)now(时间状语).

2.Seeing(动词ing做主语)is(谓语)believing(宾语)

3.Allofus(主语)like(谓语)KobeBryant(宾语)verymuch(程度副词状语)

4.She(主语)became(谓语)adoctor(宾语)in1998(时间状语)

5.Thebook(主语)lyingonthefloor(补语)are(谓语)mine(宾语)

6.Suddenly(状语)it(形式主语)begantorain(谓语)

7.Tocatchthetrain,(目的状语)I(主语)gotup(谓语)earlyyesterday(时间状语)

8.I(主语)alwaysfind(谓语)her(宾语)happy(状语)

9.He(主语)wonders(谓语)ifI(条件句中的主语)stillstudy(条件句中的谓语)English(条件句中的宾语)整个条件句做主干的宾语

10.Theletter(主语)whichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterday(定语从句)was(谓语)afriendofmine(宾语)

二、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB

英语句子类型---TypesofEnglishSentences(结合步步高264)

I、句子种类(按交际用途分)

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、Therebe/stand/lie/live存在句

1)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(说明事实)Thefilmisratherboring.(说明看法)

2)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences):提出问题。有以下四种:

a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按时完成工作吗?b.特殊疑问句(WQuestions;HQuestions):Wheredoyoulive?Howdoyouknowthat?c.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?

3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令

Sitdown,please.请坐。Don'tbenervous!别紧张!

4)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪

Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!

II、句子类型(按句子结构分)

简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句

1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构,个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。

AllroadsleadtoRome.Isheasuperman?

Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.

2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构,分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等来连接。

Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.

Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.

3、复合句复合句的某个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等,由另一个句子承当,即主语从句:Whathewantedtoknowishowtomakegooduseofthelimitedtime.

宾语从句:Herequestedthatsheshouldbedismissed(解雇)

表语从句:Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.

同位语从句:ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.

定语从句:Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.状语从句:由以下词引导。

1)时间(after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,

whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when);

2)地点(where,wherever);

3)方式(as,asif,asthough);

4)程度(as…as,morethan,so…that,such…that);

5)原因(because,since,as,nowthat,that);

6)结果(,sothat,so…that,such…that);

7)目的(sothat,inorderthat,incase);

8)条件(if,unless);

9)让步(though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,nomatterhow,whether)。

4并列复合句,即:并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。

e.gEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.

简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析2017-07-12 07:27:43 | #3楼回目录

英语三大基本句型

句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。

一、简单句

简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。WealllearnEnglish.(一个主语和一个谓语)

Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7:00inthemorning.(一个并列主语和一个谓语)

Heoncelivedandworkedthere.(一个主语和一个并列谓语)

1.主语+谓语

这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,例:Thingschange.事物是变化的。Nobodywent.没有人去。--Didyougobysea?你们走的是海路吗?--NO,weflew.不,我们是飞去。

2.主语+连系动词+表语

这种句型称为主系表结构,其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,但实质上表语成了谓语,例:

Mr.Turnerisanartist.特纳先生是位画家。

Themilkturnedsour.牛奶变酸了。

Shebecamealawyer.她当了律师。

3.主语+谓语+宾语

这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,例:Weneverbeatchildren.我们从来不打孩子。

Mysisterwillfixeverything.我姐姐会料理一切。

4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语

这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,例:

Hegavethebooktohissister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。I'llwriteyoualongletter.我将写给你一封长信。

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

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这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语,例:

Ifoundthebookeasy.我发现这本书不难。(形容词easy作补语)I'lllethimgo.我将让他去。(不定式go用作补语)

注意:有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语,甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语,这样的句子仍然是简单句,例:

ChinaandothercountriesintheeastAsiaaredevelopingrapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。(Chinaandothercountries并列主语)

Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。

6.Therebe+主语+状语(表示时间或则地点的状语)

这种句型是一种常见的特殊句式结构,它表示存在。

Thereis(not)atwinbedintheroom.房间里有(没有)一张双人床。

Thereare(not)alotoftouristswaitingfortheirturns.有(没有)许多游客在等着。

Therewillberaintomorrow.明天将有雨。

Theremustbesomethingwrong.一定有什么毛病了。

二、句子成分分析

(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)

如:

(Thetall)boy(often)go(tothebig)zoo.

(Thehappy)childwent(his)home(yesterday)

句子成分划分巧计

主在前,谓在中,宾语状语后面冲。短语定语住宾后,形代定语住宾前。间宾直宾紧相连,直间之间to,for连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。

一主语:

是一个句子的主体,一般放在谓语之前,是动作的实施者。

主语由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动词-ing形式或从句充当。

1.Maryisagoodstudents.(名词)

2.Unityisstrength.(名词)

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3.Heenjoyswalkinginthefields.(代词)

4.Fourplussixisten.(数词)

5.Toworkhardisimportant.(不定式短语)

6.ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(不定式短语是真正的主语,it

为形式主语)

7.Smokingisbadforhealth.(动词-ing形式作主语)

8.Whenweshallgobackhasnotbeendecidedyet.(从句作主语,即主

语从句)

二谓语:

用来说明主语的动作或状态,表明主语是什么,做什么,或怎么样。

谓语由动词担当,可由各种时态的动词表示

1.Greathopesmakegreatmen.(动词)

2.Shelookedafterhimtwoyearsago.(动词词组)

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(助动词+动词)

4.ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.(情态动词+动词)

5.Thedictionaryismine.(连系动词+表语)

6.Shelookshappy.(连系动词+表语)

三宾语:

表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者,由名词,代词,不定式,相当于名词的

词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。

(一)单宾语

1.Papercatchesfireeasily.(名词)

2.Hewilldoanythingforher.(代词)

3.Sheislisteningtoplaytheviolin.(不定式短语)

4.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.(动词-ing形式)

5.Hesaidthathewouldcome.(从句,即宾语从句)

(二)双宾语(直接宾语sth+间接宾语sb)

常见的带双宾语的动词有:

givebringbuygetlendmakeofferpateachtell

writereadshowsendleavereturn

1.Motherboughtmeashirtyesterday.

2.ShetaughtusEnglishthen.

3.Isendmymothertwoletterslastmonth.

(三)复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)

有些及物动词带了宾语后,还需要有一个补足成分,才能使句意完整,即补

充说明宾语,能都充当宾补的词有名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,

分词(现在分词和过去分词)

常跟宾补的动词有:有

allow,ask,advise,call,elect,keep,consider,make,see,name,h

ave,get,help,wish,let,feel,hear,findsmell.1.Weelectedhim

ourmonitor.(名词)

2.Iwanthimback.(副词)

3.Cellphonesmakeitpossibleforustoanyonefromanywhere.形容词

4.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavemoreexercises.(不定式短语)

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5.IheardMarysinginginherroom.(动词-ing形式)

6.Hehadhiswatchrepairedyesterday.(过去分词)

7.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)你请自便。

四表语:

放在连系动词be,become,seem,feelturn(当“变得”讲时)等之后,用来说明主语的特征,状态,身份等,可以充当表语的词有名词,动词-ed形式或句子

1.Hebecamekingwhenhewasonlyachild.(名词)

2.Thebookishers.(代词)

3.Heisfreetoday.(形容词)

4.Hermotherwillbebacksoon.(副词)

5.Imsixteen.(数词)

6.Heseemedworriedaboutit.(动词过去分词)

7.Itissurprisingtohearthenews.(动词现在分词)

8.Theproblemishowtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.(不定式短语)

9.ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.(从句,即表语从句)

五定语:

用来修饰名词或代词,可作定于的词有名词,代词,数词,介词短语,不定式,动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式以及从句,定于分为前置定语和后置定语

1.YaoMingisanexcellentbasketballplayer.(形容词,前置)

2.Ronaldoisafootballplayer.(名词,前置)

3.Yourhairneedscutting.(代词,前置)

4.Thirtystudentsattendedtheparty.(数词,前置)

5.Heisinthesittingroom.(现在分词,前置)

6.Youcanseefallenleaveseverywhereinfall.(过去分词,前置)

7.Whoisthegirldancingoverthere?(现在分词短语,后置)

8.Thehotelbuiltlastyearisthebestinthecity.(过去分词短语,后置)

9.Thisthehousewhichwevisited.(从句,即定语从句,后置)

六状语:

用来修饰形容词,副词,动词或整个句子,用来表示时间,地点,原因,方式,程度,目的,结果,条件,让步,频度等情况。

通常用作状语的词有副词,介词短语,不定式,动词-ing形式,动词-ed形式,名词词组,从句等,状语一般放在词尾,但有的也放在句首或句中

1.Theplanewilltakeoffinafewminutes.(介词短语作地点状语)

2.Hecamelatebecauseoftherain.(介词短语作原因状语)

3.Shecuttheapplewiththeknife.(介词短语作方式状语)

4.Therearemuchfishinthelake.(介词短语作地点状语)

5.Theriverisverylong.(副词作程度状语)

6.Heranfasttocatchthetrain.(不定式作目的状语)

7.Shewokesuddenlytofindhimstandingnearthebed.(不定式作结果状语)

8.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethelibrary.(现在分词作条件状语)

9.Givenanotherchance,hewillsucceed.(过去分词作条件状语)4

10.Theywalkedinspiteoftheheavysnow.(介词短语作让步状语)

11.Heusuallygoestobedatten.(频度副词作状语)

12.Theyaregenerousalthoughtheyarepoor.(从句作状语,让步状语从句)

找出下列句子的句子成分并翻译出来:

1.Thefarmcoveredthousandsofacres.(英亩)

2.Don'tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.

3.Theplaceisworthtobevisited.

4.OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.

5.Therestoftheappleisrotten.(腐烂的)

6.Ichoosetogotoworkbybus.

7.Thereareplentyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.

8.Imetherbychance.

9.Icameacroanoldphotointhedrawer.(抽屉)

10.Thechildtriedtocatchtheteacher'seye.

11.Iintendtofinishthetexttoday.

12.Shelooksyoungconsideringherage.

13.CarryonworkingwhileIamaway.

14.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实

15.TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(工人和作家是同一个人)

16.Somethinghasgonewrongwithmywatch.

17.Theywerestrugglingtogetoutoftheburningcar.

18.Shedidwanttohavewhatiscalledmobilephone.

19.Wethinkitisnecessarytoworkhard.

20.Seekingfriendshipishumannature.

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