句子的成分、结构和基本句型

句子的成分、结构和基本句型 | 楼主 | 2017-07-06 20:28:57 共有3个回复
  1. 1句子的成分、结构和基本句型
  2. 2(Ss)句子成分,结构,基本句型,错误分析
  3. 3高中句子成分详细讲解及基本句型结构

助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词,四宾语表示动作的对象是动作的承受者,六状语状语表示地点时间原因目的结果条件伴随情况等,主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。

句子的成分、结构和基本句型2017-07-06 20:27:40 | #1楼回目录

高考复习卷2016-3-8

句子的成分、结构和基本句型

句子是写作的基本单位,只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。一.英语的句子成分:

(一)主语:

Wallshaveears.()Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.()istobelieve.()

isnotallowedinpublicplaces.()

()

(二)谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。

Actionlouderthanwords.Thechanceagain.Maryatthedreshopsince1994.(三)表语它的位置在__________之后。Myfatherisaprofessor.()Who'sthat?It'sme.()

Everythinghereisexpensive.())

Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.()(四)宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。

)Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.()Doyoumindopeningthewindow?()

Weneedtoknowwhatothersaredoing.())

(五)定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。Theplayhasthreeacts.()

ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.()Theyarewomanworkers.()

Tom'sfatherdidn'twritehomeuntilyesterday.()Maryisabeautifulgirl..()Chinaisadevelopingcountry.()Ihavenothingtoeat.()ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.()

(六)状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。

Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.()Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.()

Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.()We'llsendacartofetchyou.()

Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.()Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.()

Ifhegoes,sowillI.()Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.()(七)宾语补足语

英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.()Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.()

Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.()

Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.()Isawhimgoingupstairs.()(八)主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语

Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.

二、简单句的五种基本句型

只含一个主谓结构的句子(有时有并列主语或并列谓语动词)叫做简单句。1.主语+不及物动词(S+V)Thetimepassedquickly.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)Wehaveplantedalotoftreesinourhometown.3.主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)Computersareusefulinpeople’slife.

4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)MiWangtoldmenottobediscouraged.6.Therebe句型

Therewasanoldmansittingthere.英语的基本句型练习1.主语+系动词+表语

1)

2)在这类结构中最常用的系动词是:

“变化”类:become,get,grow,turn,go等

“感官”类:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等“持续”类:remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等2.主语+谓语

1

1)2)

3.主语+谓语+宾语

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

_4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

1)

2)

3

4)

可接双宾语的常见动词有:ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

1)2)3)4))6)7)二、句子的基本分类

1、按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)2)疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种:a.一般疑问句:

Canyoufinishtheworkintime?b.特殊疑问句:

Wheredoyoulive?

c.选择疑问句:Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

d.反意疑问句:Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?

3)祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如Don'tbenervous!4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如:Whatgoodnewsitis!

2、按其结构,句子可以分为以下三类:

1)简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如:

①1.Thingschanged.②Treesaregreen.③.Wedon’tlikechildren.

2)并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:

Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.

3)复合句:包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导。Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.句子的基本结构综合训练

一、指出下列划线部分的基本成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.

4.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.5.Herjobistolookafterthebabies.

6.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.7.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

8.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.9.Whatheneedsisabook.10.Imustleaverightnow.

二、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句子结构。

1.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

3.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.4.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.5.Treesturnsgreeninspring.6.Hecamefinallylastnight.7.Hervoicesoundssweet.

8.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.9.Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher.10.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.

2

3

(Ss)句子成分,结构,基本句型,错误分析2017-07-06 20:26:20 | #2楼回目录

句子成分,句子结构,基本句型,错误分析

*句子成分

学习英语写作,首先要掌握英语句子的基本结构,而要掌握句子的基本结构,必须从句子成分入手。句子成分指的是句子的各个组成成分。在英语中,一个典型的句子,其基本成分可以分为主语部分和谓语部分。主语部分可以包括句子的主语及其限定成分,如定语;谓语部分中最基本也是最重要的成分是谓语动词,其他次要成分有表语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语和同位语。

*句子结构分类

英语句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句,现分述如下:§1.简单句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)的句子称为简单句(simplesentence)。例如:

Successfullearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.

§2.并列句

两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词(或用分号“;”、冒号“:”、逗号“,”等)连在一起构成的句子叫并列句(compoundsentence)。常用的等立连词有:

and(和),so(因此,所以),notonly...butalso(不仅...而且),neither...nor(既不...也不),or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),either...or(不是...就是),but(但是),

yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而),whereas(而,反过来),for(因为,由于)等。例如:

Hurryuporyoumaybelateforthemeeting.

Thelightwasred,soIhadtostopmycar.

§3.复合句

有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子结构叫复合句(complexsentence),也叫主从复合句。从句有关联词(connective)引导,关联词将从句与主句联系在一起。根据其在复合句中的作用,从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。例如:

Wemoveourheadsfromsidetosidewhenwewanttosay"no".我们想说“不”的时候就左右摇头。(关联词when引导状语从句)

Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.

测试的目的是了解你对某门课程学习的情况。(关联词what引导宾语从句)

Mostadultswhoarelearningaforeignlanguagewoulddisagreewiththestatement.

多数正在学习外语的成年人不会同意这种说法。(关联词who引导定语从句)

Thereasonfortheirsucceisthattheycanlearnfromtheirmistakes.他们成功的原因在于他们从错误中学到东西。(关联词that引导表语从句)

Whowillchairthemeetingisofinteresttomanyofthem.

谁来主持这个会议,他们许多人对此很感兴趣。(关联词who引导主语从句)

*基本句型

句子的主要成分是主语和谓语。构成主语的有名词或相当于名词作用的其他词、词组或从句。谓语的构成比较复杂,有时可以由谓语动词独立担当谓语,有时谓语动词需带宾语或表语,还有的谓语动词可带两个宾语或带宾语后再加补足

语等。谓语动词类别的不同决定着谓语结构的不同,而不同的谓语结构又决定着不同的句型。所谓基本句型(basicsentencepattern)就是几种基本的谓语结构的格局;千变万化的句型都是由它们演变而来的。英语的基本句型有五种,即:1主—系—表2主—动3主—动—宾4主—动—宾—宾5主—动—宾—宾补*常见错误

我们在造英语句子时,经常会出现一些错误,常见的主要有以下几种:§1.非完整句错误

前面说过,一个意思和结构都完整的句子至少有主语和谓语两个部分,当然祈使句除外。若有句子中的某一部分被当作一个句子,就会导致非完整句的错误。非完整句错误通常有以下几种情况:

1.将从句当成句子

例1原句:Hefailedtopatheexamination.Whichdisappointedhisparents.修改句:Hefailedtopatheexamination.Thatdisappointedhisparents.

例2原句:Ithinkthisfilmispoor.Eventhoughsomanypeopleenjoyingseeingit.修改句:Ithinkthisfilmispoor,eventhoughsomanypeopleenjoyingseeingit.

通常纠正非完整句可以有两种方法:

1.将非完整句与前面或后面的句子合并起来,连成一个句子;

2.给非完整句加上主语,使之成为一个完整的句子。

§2.断句错误

我们在前面提到,并列句之间要要用并列词连接,或用分号断开,主句和从句之间要用从属连词连接。但是有的学生在写句子时,不管句子各部分之间的关系如何,一概用逗号连接。这种错误被称为断句错误。断句错误时中国学生常犯的错误,因为在汉语中,两个完整的句子可以直通过逗号连接,所以中国学生有时会忘记,在英语中,如果句子中没有分号,冒号或者破折号,那么除了逗号外,还必须有连词。

例1原句:Thefoodwasfineexceptthecake,Ididn’tlikeit.

修改句:Thefoodwasfineexceptthecake,whichIdidn’tlike.

例2原句:Somepeoplelikeanoceanvoyageinwinter,theywanttoescapethefrost

andsnowathome.

修改句:Somepeoplelikeanoceanvoyageinwinter,becausetheywantto

escapethefrostandsnowathome.

例3原句:Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.

修改句:Itwasraininghard;theycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Itwasraininghard.Theycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Itwasrainingsohardthattheycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Itwasraininghard.Sotheycouldnotworkinthefields.

Or:Asitwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefields.

例4原句:Foreignfoodshavenewfeatureanddesigns.Thesamedomestically

producedgoodshavenotgot.

修改句:Foreignfoodshavenewfeatureanddesignswhichthesame

domesticallyproducedgoodshavenotgot.

从上面的例句可以看出,纠正这类错误的方法必须根据有关分句或者主从句之间的逻辑关系而定。

§3.非连接成分错误

一般情况下,当动词的非谓语形式做状语时,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致,否则,该状语即为连接成分。

例原句:

1.Lookingoutofthewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyecanreach.

2.Rotteninthecellar,hehadtothrowawaythepotatoes.

3.Toswimproperly,acourseofinstructionsisnecessary.

4.Returninghomeinataxi,themusicoftheoperastillseemedtosinginourears.

5.Ihadasummerjobthatyear,therefore,enablingmetostayinschoolforanotherterm.

纠正这类错误,可以有三种方法:

1.对这类句子的结构做出必要的改动,使状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致;

2.给状语加上一个适当的逻辑主语,使之成为一个独立结构;

3.将状语改成一个从句。

修改句:

1.Lookingoutofthewindow,onecanseethegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeye

canreach.

2.Thepotatoesinthecellarhadrotten,sohehadtothrowthemaway.

Asthepotatoesinthecellarhadrotten,hehadtothrowthemaway.

Hehadtothrowawaythepotatoeswhichhadrotteninthecellar.

Hehadtothrowawaythepotatoesinthecellar,fortheyhadrotten.

3.Toswimproperly,oneneedsacourseofinstructions.

Ifonewantstoswimproperly,acourseofinstructionsisnecessary.

4.Whilewewerereturninghomeinataxi,themusicoftheoperastillseemedto

singinourears.

5.Ihadasummerjobthatyear,which,therefore,enablesmetostayinschoolfor

anotherterm.

§4.有关主谓一致的错误

在英语当中,当可数名词单数或不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。为此,学生在造句时应注意一下几种情况:

1.主语和谓语之间出现修饰词,谓语动词英语主语保持一致。

例1Oneofthemanyismissing.

例2Myuncleisoneofthosewhodoesnotbelievethataknowledgeofpoliticsis

usefulinabusineoffice.

例3Thebookcasefullofbooksandmagazinesstandsinacorneroftheroom.

2.主语和谓语之间插入了由with,aswellas,except,inadditionto,not等引导的名次词组,谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致。

例1Janeaswellastheresthasagreedtocome.

例2Theaudienceinadditiontoallthecameramenwassoexcited.

例3Theemployees,notthemanager,wereaskedtoexplainthecauseofthefire.

例4TheChinesegirltogetherwithhertwoAmericanfriendsiseatingata

restaurant.

http://www.oh100.com …and连接两个单数形式的主语,句中谓语动词为单数。例1Everymanandwomanistreatedinthesameway.

例2Everywordandphraseinthissentenceisessential.

4.由and连接的词组做主语,谓语动词一般要用复数。

例tofightandtowinweretheiraims.

5.由两个名词可做一个整体对待,由and连接以后谓语动词仍为单数。例1Thelawandorderwassoonrestored.

例3Timeandtidewaitsfornoman.

例4Theconfidenceandtrustisveryimportantforme.

例5Thechairmanandgeneralsecretarywasselected.

6.当either…or,neigh…nor,notonly…butalso连接两个主语时,句中的谓语动词的数要和最接近的那个主语取得一致,即所谓的“就近原则”。

例1EitheryouorIamwrong.

例2Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhasdoubts.

例3Neitheryounorsheistheluckydog.

7.表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等单位的名词词组做主语,如果强调一定的量,或者总和,谓语动词用单数;如果侧重具体的数量,则谓语动词用复数。试比较:Tenminutesisalongtimeforustowait.

Tenminuteshavepassedsincewecame.

8.aseriesof…,akindof…,aportionof…等短语做主语,谓语动词用单数;anumberof…,avarietyof…等短语做主语,谓语动词用复数。

例1Aseriesofvideotapeshasbeenprepared.

例2avarietyofgoodsareforsale.

9.由each,every,eachone,everybody,anybody,nobody,either,neither等引导的名词词组做主语,谓语动词用单数。

例1Noneofherfriendshascalledherup.

例2Nobodyknowsthetruth.

10.集体名词做主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示成员,谓语动词用复数。

例1Myfamilyareallvegetarians.

例2Myfamilyneverintendstohaveanythingtodowithbusiness.

11.把完整的意思隔开的错误

我们在写句子时,有事会把一个完整的意思隔开而破坏了句子的一致性。例1原句:Inextensivereading,ourmainpurposeisnottolearnnewstructureand

vocabulary.Buttounderstandasquicklyandcompletelyaspossibletheideasbeingcommunicated.

修改句:Inextensivereading,ourmainpurposeisnottolearnnewstructureand

vocabulary,buttounderstandasquicklyandcompletelyaspossible

theideasbeingcommunicated.

例2原句:Wenaturallyassumedthatpeoplehadarrivedthere.Theyleftseveral

hoursago.

修改句:Wenaturallyassumedthatpeoplehadarrivedtherefortheyleftseveral

hoursago.

12.过多堆积细节

很多人在造句时,喜欢把一些没有逻辑关系的细节和毫不相关的东西堆积在

一起,看似内容丰富,实际上破坏了句子的一致性。

例1原句:Ashewasrecallingthatnight,hereducedthealtitudeoftheplane,and

thesteadysoundofthemotorseemedlikemusicinhisears,becausehe

knewthattherewasnotamoredependableplanethanthis.

修改句:Ashewasrecallingthatnight,hereducedthealtitudeoftheplane,the

steadysoundofthemotorseemedlikemusicinhisears,andheknew

thattherewasnotamoredependableplanethanthis.

二、写作常见错误分析

一、语法错误

(一)句子结构错误

1.主从句叠置

1)Therearemoreandmorestudentsliketousethecomputer.

2)Therearestillmanyproblemsshouldbenotedandresolved.

2.简单句叠置

Ilikechattingonlineverymuch,Igotothenetbaralmosteveryweekend.

3.从句叠置

Asisknowntoallthatcomputersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife.

4.句子成分缺失

Ifworkhard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.

5.语序错误

1)Whycollegestudentsspendmoreandmoretimeonthecomputer?

2)Ioftenwonderwherehavetheygottheirmoney.

(二)动词错误

1.时态错误

ManypeoplethoughtthattheInternetwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.

2.语态错误

1)Ihaveexcitedseveraldaysatthenewsthatyouwillcomehere.

2)Mostofthestudentssatisfywiththeserviceinthedininghall.

3.单复数错误(seeabove)

1)Wisemanseekopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.

2)Someoneareafraidthatcomputermaycontrolmeninthefuture.

4.非谓语动词错误

1)Letmetorepresenteveryonetosay“hello”toyou.

2)Doexerciseinthemorningisgoodforone’shealth.

3)Havingstudiedinourschoolfor3years,thecanteenservicehaschangedalot.

(三)代词错误

1)Wecanusecomputersindoingeverythingyoulike.

2)Acollegestudentshouldbeabletodotheirwashingontheirown.

(四)冠词错误

1)Horseisanusefulanimal.

2)TheexamwillbeheldintheDecember,2004.

(五)词性错误

1)Iwishyoucanconsidermysuggests.

2)Ifapersonwantstosuccess,hemustlearntoenduresufferingsandsetbacks.

二、用词错误

1)Studentsmustknowhowtoapplyacomputer.

2)PeoplecantouchmanynewthingsontheInternet.

3)Thepurposeofthisletteristoreactsomeopinionsontheserviceinthedininghall.

三、表达习惯错误

1)Whygeneratedsolargeachange?

2)Now6000yuancanbuyaP4computer.

3)Aroomoftenlives6-8students.

4)Ithinkthisgreatchangehasthreereasons.

5)Thepricesofthefoodaretooexpensive.

6)Thereasonforthisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.

四、标点符号及大小写错误

1)However,everycoinhastwosides,Ithinkthesurroundingsinourcanteenarethebestamongalluniversities.

2)Themanwasracingdownthestreet.Becausehewaslatefortheclass.

3)AtlastIwanttoletyouknow,Iloveouruniversityverymuch.

4)Myfavoritesportsareswimming、jogging、mountaineeringandplayingtabletennis.

5)ThebestEnglishfilminmyeyesis《ForrestGump》.

高中句子成分详细讲解及基本句型结构2017-07-06 20:28:23 | #3楼回目录

英语句子成分详解

一、英语句子的成分

组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。

句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

1)主语subject

主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。

ThegirlcansingmanyEnglishsongs.

Wearestudents./Thisismypen.Yoursisonthedesk.

Theblindneedmorehelp.

Tospeakloudlyinpublicisnotpolite.

Smokingisbadforyourhealth.

2)谓语predicate

谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

Iloveyou.Youhateme.Youhurtmyheart.

IhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Hehasonetoo.

Wecanplaythepiano.

Sheistalkingwithhersister./Ihaveseenthismanbefore.

3)宾语object

宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

Heisdoinghishomework./Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.

Theydidnothingthismorning./Imethimonmywayhome.

Shewantstogohome.

Weenjoyplayingfootball.

【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。这一类动词有:bring,give,pass,tell,hand,show,send,leave,teach,find,buy等。Hegavemeabook.

Pametheball,willyou?

MybestfriendsentmeaChristmascard.

4)表语predicative

表语是用于说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征,常由名词、形容词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于系动词之后。

Iamateacher.MyworkisteachingEnglish.Huaibeiisbeautiful.

Iamallright.Helookstired.Ifeelgoodtoday.Thismooncaketastesdelicious.Sheisnotagoodsinger.

Myquestionishowyouknewhim.

5)宾语补足语objectcomplement

宾语补足语是用于对宾语作进一步的补充说明,这样才能表达出完整的意思,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,常由名词、形容词、动词不定式或介词短语等担任,一般位于宾语之后。

Shemakeshermotherangry.

Wefindthestoryveryinteresting.

IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell./Thesunkeepsuswarm.

Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.

6)定语attribute

定语是用于对名词或代词进行修饰或限定,常由形容词、名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。一般单个形容词常位于被修饰词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句常位于被修饰词之后,作后置定语。

Huaibeiisabeautifulcity./Abrightfutureshinesbeforeoureyes.

Sheisachemistryteacher./Thissongisbetterthanthatone.

Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?

Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.

7)状语adverbial

状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。常用于表示时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随、程度等。

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothepartybecauseoftherain.

Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

HehasgreatlyimprovedhisspokenEnglishbypracticingdayafterday.

Imustworkharderinordertocatchupwithothers.

句子成分练习题

(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词

①Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Thisusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Playingfootballinthestreetisdangerous.

⑤Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessary.

(二)选出句中谓语的中心词

①Factsspeaklouderthanwords.

A.FactsB.speakC.louderD.words

②Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

A.HeB.practicesC.runningD.morning

③Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer

④Weshouldrespectourteachers.

A.WeB.shouldC.respectD.teachers

⑤Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework

(三)挑出下列句中的宾语

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

(四)划出下列句中的表语

①Armstrongisanastronaut.

②Hishobbyisplayingbasketball.

③Theirplanistofinishtheexperimentinaweek.④Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.⑤Thatlittlegirllookssobeautiful.

(五)划出下列句中的定语

①Thebeautifulpicturewasdrawnbyafamousartist.②ThewomendoctorsarefromBeijing.③TheboyunderthetreeisJack..④Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

⑤Iknowtheboywhobrokethewindowyesterday..

(六)划出下列句中的宾语补足语

①Hiswordsmademeangry.②Weelectedhimourmonitor.③Theyallfindhimhumorous.④TheycallmeJerrysometimes.⑤Isawanoldmancrossingtheroad.

(七)划出下列句中的状语

①Hesolvedthisprobleminastrangeway.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③Imustworkhardertoearnmyliving.④Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

⑤Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtmeanewbikelastweek.

③Mr.Smithisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Lendmeyourdictionary,please.

⑤Hesentabirthdaygifttomeyesterday.

简单句的基本句型结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型,掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基矗

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一:SV(主+谓)基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:主谓S│V此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词。

1.Allthings│change.2.Themoon│rose.

3.Theuniverse│remains.4.Who│cares?

5.He│worksinabigcompany.6.They│talkedforhalfanhour.

基本句型二:主系表S│V│P

1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Theweather│is│verycold.

3.Theproblem│is│thatIamshortofmoney.4.Thedinner│smells│good.5.Everything│looks│different.

这是本英汉辞典。天气很冷。

问题是他们缺钱。晚餐闻起来不错。

一切看起来都不同了。一切事物都在不断变化。月亮升起了。

宇宙长存。管它呢?

他在一家大公司上班。他们谈了半个小时。

基本句型三:主谓宾S│V│O

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。1.Who│knows│theanswer?谁知道答案?2.He│enjoys│reading.

3.I│want│tohaveacupofcoffee.4.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.

基本句型四:主谓间宾直宾S│V│o│O1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.He│brought│you│adictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。3.I│showed│him│mypictures.4.I│gave│mycar│awash.5.I│told│him│thatthebuswaslate.

我给他看我的照片。我洗了我的汽车。我告诉他汽车晚点了。他喜欢看书。我想喝杯咖啡。他承认犯了错误。

基本句型五:主谓宾宾补S│V│O│C此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。1.They│appointed│him│manager.他们任命他当经理。2.They│painted│thedoor│green.他们把门漆成绿色。3.This│set│them│thinking.

4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.5.What│makes│him│soangry?

分析下列句子的句型结构

这使得他们要细想一想。他们发现那房子无人居祝什么使他这样生气?

1.Theapplestastedsweet.2.Isawthemgettingonthebus.3.Hehandedmethenewspaper.4.Hegetsupatsixeverymorning.5.Helosthiswalletonhiswayhome.6.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.7.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.8.Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.9.Helookedunhappyatthattime.

10.Myfavouritesportsareswimmingandskating.11.AllmysadnedisappearwhenI’mwriting.

12.Hecamebackwhilewewerehavingdinnerlastnight.13.Wealsoplantedalotoftreesaroundourschool.14.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.15.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhimthegoodnews.16.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.17.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcomputercompetition.

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