贾府四姐妹判词英译赏析
探春判词
才自精明志自高，生于末世运偏消。
清明涕送江边望，千里东风一梦遥。
Jia Tanchun
So talented and high-minded,
She is born too late for luck to come her way.
Through tears she watched the stream
On the Clear and Bright Day;
A thousand li the east wind blows,
But her home in her dreams is far away.
(杨宪益、戴乃迭译)
Jia Tanchun
Blessed with a shrewd mind and a noble heart,
Yet born in time of twilight and decay,
In spring through tears at river’s bank you gaze,
Borne by the wind a thousand miles away.
(David Hawkes 译)
探春是贾政的小老婆赵姨娘生的。在贾家四姊妹中她排行老三，是最聪明、最有才干的一个。说她志向高，是她想有一番作为。“敏探春兴利除宿弊”一回，写她代凤姐管理一段大观园， 把那么纷繁的事务，一宗一件管理得井井有条，表现出不一般的才干，其精明几乎不在凤姐之下。她在封建观念影响下，以自己是“庶出”为耻;加上赵姨娘为人卑琐，她就干脆不认她作娘。她同姐姐迎春懦弱的性格截然相反，人称“玫瑰花”，又鲜艳又有刺。
惜春判词
勘破三春景不长，缁衣顿改昔年装。
可怜绣户侯门女，独卧青灯古佛旁。
杨译： She sees through the transience of spring,
Dark Buddhist robes replace her garments fine;
Pity this child of a wealthy noble house,
Who know sleeps alone by the dimly lit old shrine.
霍译： When you see through the spring scene’s transient state,
A nun’s black habit shall replace your own.
Alas, that daughter of so great a house，
By Buddha’s altar lamp should sleep alone.
解析：
1)判词中，“三春”指的是惜春的三个姐姐：元春、迎春、探春。惜春目睹三位姐姐悲惨的命运，心如死灰，转向佛祖以寻求安慰。在给定的语境中，译文读者能够较为容易地判断出隐含的意思，所以不论是杨译的“she sees through the transience of spring”还是霍译的“the spring scene’s transient state”都没有对“三春”进行明确解析，而是保留了原文的修辞。
2)“独卧青灯古佛旁”，最后一句宛如一幅画面浮现眼前，妙龄少女，心如死寂，敲打着木鱼。不禁让人扼腕叹息。杨译最后一句译为“by the dimly lit old shrine"，渲染了朦胧凄婉的氛围，更显惜春身世的凄苦。
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