英语句子成分的划分及练习

英语句子成分的划分及练习 | 楼主 | 2017-07-17 00:18:29 共有1个回复
  1. 1英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

英语划分句子成分练习题及答案,三谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,复合谓语由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成,七定语修饰名词或代词的词短语或从句称为定语。

英语划分句子成分练习题及答案2017-07-17 00:15:59 | #1楼回目录

英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.

(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

Isityours?(代词)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)

Thespeechisexciting.(分词)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副词)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

Letthefreshairin.(副词)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoon

workingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploys

moremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.Inyourletteryou

askedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.

四、选择填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://www.oh100.com aded

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We, http://www.oh100.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where练习一:

一、1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语,主语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13、形式宾语,真正宾语;14、宾语、定语;15、插入语,状语;16、宾语(间宾+直宾);17、状语,状语;18、形式主语,表语,宾补;19、宾补;20、表语

二、略

三、略

四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB

练习二:

一、1、简单句;2、复合句;3、简单句;4、简单句;5、并列句;

6、复合句;7、并列句;8、复合句;9、简单句;10、简单句二、

Ihopeyouareverywell(复合句).I'mfine,buttired(简单句).RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并列句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(简单句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并列句)Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(简单句).WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并列复合句).Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm(简单句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim(复合句).Buthe

employsmoremenfortheharvest(简单句).Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden(简单句).Itdoesn'toftenraininthe

summerhere(简单句).Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(简单句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell(简单句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(简单句).

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(简单句).Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy(简单句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(简单句).It'sgreat(简单句)!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion(简单句).Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer(简单句).Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(复合句).InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(简单句).TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates(简单句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(简单句).HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(简单句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(简单句).Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents(简单句).

三、1~5ACADD6~10BCBDC11~15ADBCC16~20ABADB21~25DDDCD26~30ADDBD

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