英语语法之句子

英语语法之句子 | 楼主 | 2017-07-16 02:48:35 共有3个回复
  1. 1Lesson1高中英语语法之句子成分
  2. 2英语语法大全之句子的转换与合并
  3. 3初中英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类

一般由名词代词形容词副词不定式介词短语等充当,形容词代词数词名词等作定语时通常放在被修饰的词前面,副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首,如果我们说我们使我们的祖国。

Lesson1高中英语语法之句子成分2017-07-16 02:47:38 | #1楼回目录

Lesson1高中英语语法之句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语:由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。Ilovebanana.

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。Mysisterisannurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

WelikeEnglish.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegavemesomeink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

Wemakehimourmonitor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。Heisanewstudent.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

HelivesinLondon.他住在伦敦。

7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。

英语语法大全之句子的转换与合并2017-07-16 02:47:57 | #2楼回目录

济南沃尔得国际英语

句子的转换与合并

Ⅰ.简单句之间的转换

句型的转换是指一个句子由一种语法结构变为另一种语法结构,而不改变其原来的意义。这是一种有用的练习,可以学会许多不同的说法,能从几个句子中挑选出最适当的句子形式。

A.主动语态与被动语态之间的转换

一个句子可以由主动结构变为被动结构,也可从被动结构变为主动结构(参阅1207—1209):

Hehasfinishedhisuniversitystudies.

Hisuniversitystudieshavebeenfinished.

Theyputhimtodeath.

Hewasputtodeath.

AnEnglishmanteacheshimEnglish.

HeistaughtEnglishbyanEnglishmen.

B.肯定句与否定句之间的转换

一个句子可以由肯定形式变为否定形式,也可由否定形式变为肯定形式:

Iamdoubtfulofhishonesty.

Iamnotsureofhishonesty.

Fewunderstandit.

Notmanyunderstandit.

Heissometimessilly.

Heisnotalwaysclever.

Itistidy.

Itisnotuntidy.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Healwaysobjected.

Heneveragreed.

Hefailedtocome.

Hedidnotcome.

Shetoldthestorywithtears.

Shetoldthestorynotwithouttears.

Onlyheknowsit.

Nobodyelseknowsit.

Helackscourage.

Heiswithoutcourage.

Heisverytired.

Heisnotalittletired.

Hewillalwaysrememberyourkindness.

Hewillneverforgetyourkindness.

C.反问型问句与陈述句之间的转换

反问型问句(RhetoricalQuestions)可以转变为陈述句:Isthatthewaytotreatyourwife?

Thatisnotthewaytotreatyourwife.

CanIsayanything?

Icannotsayanything.

Wherecanyoueverseeaghost?

Youcanneverseeaghostanywhere.

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Whocaresaboutyou?

Nobodycaresaboutyou.

WhyshouldIapologize?

Ishouldnotapologize.

D.不同词类之间的转换

几乎任何词类都可以转换为另一词类。可以是:

1.动词与名词间的转换:

Ourenemyisstrengthening.

Ourenemyisgainingstrength.

Theyagreednottocriticizeeachother.

Theymadeanagreementnottocriticizeeachother.Ithasagoodsmell.

Johndisgracesourfamily.

Johnisadisgracetoourfamily.

2.动词与形容词之间的转换:

Heneglectsmyadvice.

Heisnegligentofmyadvice.

Hefearsnothing.

Heisafraidofnothing.

Thisletterexpresseshisgratitude.

Thisletterisexpressiveofhisgratitude.Theywidenedandlengthenedthestreet.

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http://www.oh100.com 济南沃尔得国际英语smellsgood.It

济南沃尔得国际英语

Theymadethestreetwideandlong.

3.动词与副词间的转换:

HesucceededinadvisingMary.

HeadvisedMarysuccessfully.

Theyenjoyedcelebratingthefestival.

Theycelebratedthefestivaljoyfully.

Thisstorysurpassesothersinbeauty.

Thisstoryissurpassinglybeautiful.

4.名词与形容词间的转换:

Heisamanofwealth.

Heisawealthyman.

Heisahusbandwithnoheart,sheisawifewithalongtongue.

Heisaheartlesshusband,sheisalong-tonguedwife.“HereliestheonlywileofJohnLee.”

“HereliesJohnLee'sonlywife.”

Thispolicyisofgreatimportance.

Thispolicyisveryimportant.

Therewasonceamonsterwiththreeheads.

Therewasonceathree-headedmonster.

5.名词与副词间的转换:

Pleasehandleitwithcare.

Pleasehandleitcarefully.

Inallprobability,itwillrainthisevening.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Mostprobably,itwillrainthisevening.

Ourtroopsenteredthecityintriumph.

Ourtroopsenteredthecitytriumphantly.

6.形容词与副词间的转换:

Afteracarefulanalysis,thefoodprovespoisonous.

Carefullyanalysed,thefoodprovespoisonous.

Hehateshardwork.

Hehatestoworkhard.

7.介词与连词间的转换:

Ilikehimforhisunselfishness.

Ilikehimbecauseheisunselfish.

Iwillwaituntilhisreturn.

Iwillwaituntilhereturns.

Ⅱ.简单句与复合句之间的转换

一个分词、动名词、不定式或介词短语可以转换为复合句,反过来也如此:—Sittingdown,hereadtheletter.

Hesatdownandhereadtheletter.

Theguestleaving,Iwenttobed.

Theguestleft,andthenIwenttobed.

Beingtiredoflife,herefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.

—Heistiredoflife,soherefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

—Heranawaytoavoidpunishment.

Heranaway,orhewouldbepunished.

Hehastoworkhardtomaintainhisbigfamily.

Hehastoworkhard,otherwisehecannotmaintainhisbigfamily.Outofadesiretopleasehermother,hesentherthingsfromtimetotime.

Hesentthingstohermotherfromtimetotime,forhedesirestopleaseher.

—Besidessellingrice,heteachesarithmeticintheevening.

Hesellsrice,andbesidesheteachesarithmeticintheevening.Withallhisefforts,hefailed.

Hemadeallefforts,buthefailed.

Byhisgoodmanners,hewinsherheart.

Hehasgoodmanners,thereforehewinsherheart.

Theboyisrewardedforhisbravery.

Theboyisbrave,soheisrewarded.

Ⅲ.简单句与复杂句之间的转换

一个词或是短语可以转变为名词从句、定语从句或状语从句,反过来也如此:

A.名词从句

Icannottellthetimeofhisarrival.

Icannottellwhenhewillarrive.

Ibelieveyourstatement.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Ibelievewhatyoustate.

Iinsistedonhisstudyingart.

Iinsistedthatheshouldstudyart.

Iwasinformedofhisbehaviour.

Iwasinformedofhowhebehaved.

Iwishyoutobealwayshappy.

Iwishthatyouwillbealwayshappy.

Ithinkitfitforyoutotakeoverthebusiness.Ithinkitfitthatyoutakeoverthebusiness.Ilearnofhissuccess.

Ilearnthathehassucceeded.

Hisarrivalisagreatevent.

Thathehasarrivedisagreatevent.

Howtogetridofpovertyisabigproblem.Itisabigproblemhowwecangetridofpoverty.

B.定语从句

Heisaself-mademan.

Heisamanwhohassucceededbyhisownefforts.

Ithasbecomeanindependentcountry.

Ithasbecomeacountrythatisnomorecontrolledbyanothor.

Iwanttoliveanddieinmynativevillage.

IwanttoliveanddieinthevillagewhereIwasborn.

Shewearsasea-blueskirt.

Shewearsaskirtwhichisasblueasthesea.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Weneedanatom-smashingmachine.

Weneedamachinethatcansmashatoms.

Ihavenothingtosay.

IhavenothingthatIwishtosay.

Theevildonelivesafterthedoers.

Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem.

C.状语从句

Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyonthedeathoftheirfather.Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyassoonastheirfatherdied.After20yearsofservice,heretired.

Whenhehadserved20years,heretired.

Hediedinhisnativeplace.

Hediedwherehewasborn.

Hestayedathomebecauseofillness.

Hestayedathomebecausehewasill.

Inspiteofmyadvice,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.

AlthoughIadvisedhim,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.

Youmaydrinktoyourheart'scontent.

Youmaydrinkasmuchasyoulike.

Withoutanywater,thisplantcannotlive.

Unlessitgetssomewater,thisplantcannotlive.

Heistootiredtoworkanymore.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Heissotiredthathecannotworkanymore.

Iwillinformthepolicetopunishhim.

Iwillinformthepolicesothathemaybepunished.

Ⅳ.复杂句与复合句之间的转换

Hegainedalotofmoneyingamblingandhewishedtogambleagain.Afterhegainedalotofmoneyingambling,hewishedtogambleagain.Hemaybeinterestedinartandinthatcaseheshouldgotosomefineartsschool.

Ifheisinterestedinart,heshouldgotosomefineartsschool.Recedeonestepandtheywillproceedthree.

Ifyourecedeonestep,theywillproceedthree.

Heispoor,butheisproud.

Althoughheispoor,heisproud.

Hehasfailed,yethehasdonehisbest.

Althoughhehasfailed,hehasdonehisbest.

Wemustkeepsilentorfatherwillgetangry.

Wemustkeepsilentlestfathershouldgetangry.

Hemustlivearegularlife,otherwisehewillfallill.

Unlesshelivesaregularlife,hewillfallill.

Heisaverygoodteacher,sothestudentslikehim.

Thestudentslikehim,becauseheisagoodteacher.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Theyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,thereforetheyunderstandeachotherthoroughly.

Astheyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,theyunderstandeachother

thoroughly.

Ⅴ.直接引语和间接引语之间的转换

说话人讲的话可以用两种方式来引用。如果引用他的原话,就称作直接引语。因此Hesaid,“Iamveryill.”为直接引语。如果按引用人的观点来引用,则称为间接引语。因此Hesaidthathewasveryill.为间接引语。Said这样的动词称为引话动词,它前面的主语,例如he,可称为第一主语。引语中的主语,如I及he,称为第二主语。引语中的谓语动词称为第二动词。当直接引语转换为间接引语,或间接引语转换为直接引语时,有几个问题需要注意。

A.大写与标点

直接引语放在引号之内,第一个字母要大写,引号前加逗号(间或用冒号),引语末加句号、问号或感叹号,但在间接引语中却不加这些。间接引语必须由that,whether(if)或疑问词(who,why,when等)开头,末尾要加句号。此外,在直接引语中问句可能有倒装语序(助动词放在主语前面),但在间接引语中,问句则需变为自然语序:

Isay,“Hewillcome.”

Isaythathewillcome.

Isay:“Whenwillhecome?”

Iaskwhenhewillcome.

B.引话动词与第二动词

引话动词可以是say,remark,observe,claim,explain,con-firm;ask,enquire,question;answer,reply;declare,announce;beg,urge,suggest,request,demand;order,command;object,deny,admit,agree,argue;warn,threaten;think,reflect,consider;write,cable,phone,telex;shout,laugh,sneer等等。

若引话动词是现在时或将来时,则当引语由直接变为间接时,第二动词照旧不变。但若引话动词是过去时,则间接引语中的第二动词,就要由现在时变为过去时,由过去时变为过去完成时等。

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Isay(orwillsay)tohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.”

Isay(orwillsay)tohimthatJohnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.

Isaidtohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.

IsaidtohimthatJohnarrived(orwouldarrive,hadarrived)on

Sunday.

C.引话动词与连词

1.如果间接引语为陈述句,它前面通常都有:saythat,knowthat,tellhimthat,statethat,…

2.如果它是问句,它前面通常有:ask(him)whether(orif),inquire(of

him)whether,demand(ofhim)whether,wonderwhether,wanttoknow

whether;或ask(him)+W(即疑问词,如who,whom,when,why,which),inquire(ofhim)+W,…

3.如果它是感叹句,它前面通常有:exclaimthat,cryoutwithjoythat,…

4.如果间接引语为祈使句,它前面通常有:demandthat,askthat,request

that,advisethat,orderthat,…且里面包含助动词should.此外间接引语还可以转换为不定式短语,这时引话动词需要改为宾补动词:

1.Isaid,“Youareaniceboy”.

Isaidthathewasaniceboy.

Ithought,“Youwillfailagain.”

Ithoughtthathewouldfailagain.

2.Isaid,“Areyouaniceboy?”

Iaskedwhetherhewasaniceboy.

Ithoughttomyself,“Willhefailagain?”

Iaskedmyselfwhetherhewouldfailagain.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Ienquiredofhim,“Whoknowsit?”

Ienquiredofhimwhoknewit.

3.Isaid,“Whataniceboyyouare1

Iexclaimedthathewasindeedaniceboy.

Isaid,“Hurrah!Wehavewonthebattle.”

Icriedwithjoythatwehadwonthebattle.

Hesaid,“Curseit!Youareafool.”

HeexclaimedwithanoaththatIwasafool.

Hesaid,“Bravo!Youhavedonesomethingwonder-ful.”

Heapplaudedme,sayingthatIhaddonesomethingwonderful.

4.Isaidtohim,“Beaniceboy.”

Iadvisedthatheshouldbeaniceboy.

Iadvisedhimtobeaniceboy.

Isaidtohim,“Seemeatthestation.”

Irequestedthatheshouldseemeatthestation.

Irequestedhimtoseemeatthestation.

D.代词

此外还要注意,把直接引语变为间接引语时,代词需作改变。如果在直接引语中代词为第一人称,在变为间接引语时,将变为与第一主语一致的代词。

Isaid,“Icandoit.”

IsaidthatIcoulddoit.

Hesaid,“Imustgo.”

Hesaidthathemustgo.

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济南沃尔得国际英语

Yousaid,“Iknow.”

Yousaidthatyouknew.

Wesaid,“Wecandoit.”

Wesaidthatwecoulddoit.

Theysaid,“Wemustgo.”

Theysaidthattheymustgo.

Isaid“Wecandoit.”

Isaidthatwecoulddoit.(We中包括I)

如果在直接引语中,代词为第二人称,在间接引语中它将变成与引话动词的宾语一致的人称:

Itoldhim,“Youareright.”

Itoldhimthathewasright.

Itoldyou,“Youareright.”

Itoldyouthatyouwereright.

Hetoldme,“Youareright.”

HetoldmethatIwasright.

Hetoldus,“Youareright.”

Hetoldusthatwewereright.

Wetoldthem,“Youareright.”

Wetoldthemthattheywereright.”

Tosomebody也可看作是宾语:

Hesaidtome(=toldme),“Youareright.”

HesaidtomethatIwasright.

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Heexplainedtothem,“Youhavegonethewrongway.”

Heexplainedtothemthattheyhadgonethewrongway.

引话动词的宾语有时可以省略,但它在间接引语中可能需要说出来:

TheyaskedmewhenIwouldgetmarried.Isaid,“Youwilllearnitverysoon.”

…Isaidthattheywouldlearnitverysoon.

如果在直接引语中代词为第三人称,在间接引语中,它可以保持不变:

Itoldyou,“Heiscrazy.”

Itoldyouthatheiscrazy.

Hetoldme,“Sheiscrazy.”

Hetoldmethatshewascrazy.

Wetoldhim,“Theyarecrazy.”

Wetoldhimthattheywerecrazy.

Hetoldme,“Heiscrazy.”(这两个he代表两个不同的人)

Hetoldmethatacertainpersonwascrazy.

还需指出,上述代词,在直接或间接引语中,可以为任何“格”,而不仅仅是主格:Hetoldme,“Iwillaskmybrothertotakemetothepictures.”

Hetoldmethathewouldaskhisbrothertotakehimtothepictures.Hedeclared“Wemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous1

Hedeclaredthatwemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous.

E.时间副词(短语)

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间接引语中的时间副词(短语)可能和直接引语中的时间副词(短语)不同,这是因为原来说话人提到的时间可能与现在引话人提到的时间不同:

Hesaid,“Maryisverybusynow.”

HesaidthatMarywasverybusythen.

Hesaid,“Marycameyesterday.”

HesaidthatMaryhadcomethedaybefore(orthepreviousday).

Hesaid,“Marycamefivedaysago.”

HesaidthatMaryhadcomefivedaysbefore(orfivedaysearlier).Hesaid,“Marywillcometomorrow.”

HesaidthatMarywouldcomethefollowingday(orthenextday).Hesaid,“Marywillcomeinfivedays1

HesaidthatMarywouldcomefivedaysafterwards(orlater).

F.第一主语及引话动词的位置

在新闻报导中第一主语有时放在引话动词的后面:

SaidStevens,“…”

CommentsDr.Lee,“…”

BoastedAsiaBankpresidentJohnBush,“…”

第一主语及引话动词,除了放在直接引语前面外,还可放在其他位置:

Hesaid,“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”

“Oh1hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest.”(但不说saidhe)

“Oh!Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid.(但不说saidhe)

“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”(如果大家都清楚这话是谁说的,第一主语及引话动词也可不必说出。)

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在第一主语及引话动词放在其他位置时,要注意标点符号:

Hesaid,“Oh,Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”

“Oh,”hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”

“Oh,Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid;“Ihavemadeeveryeffort,Butallinvain.”

如果引话动词有较长的修饰语,最好把它放在主语及引话动词前面,如果主语及引话动词在直接引语后面,长修饰语最好放在引话动词后面:

Afterashortspaceofsilencehesaid,“I'llconsiderthisproblem.”“I'llconsiderthisproblem,”hesaidafterashortspaceofsilence.如果主语和引话动词放在直接引语的中间或后面,作主语的名词可以放在引话动词的后面或前面(若主语是人称代词,只能放在动词后面):

“Ithinkso,”hesaid(orLeosaid,saidLeo).(很少说saidhe)“EverythingisOK1shesays(orAmysays,saysAmy).(很少说saysshe)

Ⅵ.简单句的合并

两个或更多简单句可以合并成一个比较复杂的句子,这种练习对学习写作的人很有好处。两个或更多简单句可借助并列连词合并成一个复合句:

HesawJohn.Hegreetedhim.

HesawJohnandhegreetedhim.

IcalledonMary.Marywasill.

IcalledonMary,butMarywasill.

Hehasnotasinglepenny.Hehastobeg.Hewillbestarved.

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Hehasnotasinglepenny,sohehastobeg,otherwisehewillbe

starved.

两个或更多简单句,可以加上从属连词,把一个或更多句子变为名词从句、定语从句或状语从句,这样来合并成为一个复杂句。

1.变成名词从句:

Hehasarrived.Iknowit.

Iknowthathehasarrived.

Hemayhaveanaccident.Iamafraid.

Iamafraidthathemayhaveanaccident.

Howmanywerekilled?Iamnotsure.

Iamnotsurehowmanywerekilled.

Howdidheachievethissuccess?Thatisunknowntome.

Howheachievedthissuccessisunknowntome.

2.变成定语从句:

Whoisthatman?Isawthatmanyesterday.

WhoisthemanIsawyesterday?

Theboywascaughtbythepolice.TheboystolemyPekinesedog.

TheboywhostolemyPekinesedogwascaughtbythepolice.

Shewearsaskirt.Idon'tlikeaskirtlikethis.

Idon'tlikesuchaskirtasshewears.

3.变成状语从句:

Iwalkedalong.Atthattime,itwasraining.

WhenIwalkedalong,itwasraining.

17

Youturntotheright.Youcanseethehotel.

Ifyouturntotheright,youcanseethehotel.

Hesufferedfromcancer.Hehadsmokedtoomuch.

Hesufferedfromcancer,becausehehadsmokedtoomuch.

Helooksstupid.Heisclever.

Helooksstupidthoughheisclever.

Hestudiesuntilmidnight.Hewishestopasstheexam.

Hestudiesuntilmidnightsothathemaypasstheexam.

两个或更多简单句,也可以把其中一个或更多简单句变成一个短语,甚至一个词,来合并成一个较为复杂的简单句:

Mr.Johnsonwillleaveourschool.Heisateacherofhistory.

Mr.Johnson,ateacherofhistory,willleaveourschool.(用同位语代替一个句子)

Hedied.Heisforgotten.

Heisforgottenafterhisdeath.(用介词短语代替句子)

Shepoisonedherself.Shehadaquarrelwithherhusband.

Shepoisonedherselfbecauseofhavingaquarrelwithherhusband.(用“介词+动名词”结构代替句子)

Heiswillingtosacrificehimself.Hewishestopleaseher.

Heiswillingtosacrificehimselftopleaseher.(用不定式代替句子)Theenemysurrenderedthemselves.Theycametouswithawhiteflag.

Theenemysurrenderedthemselves,comingtouswithawhiteflag.(用分词代替句子)

18

初中英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类2017-07-16 02:46:29 | #3楼回目录

初中英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类

摘要:复合句(ComplexSentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。句子的种类

(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)

Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)

2)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences):提出问题。有以下四种:

a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):

Canyoufinishtheworkintime?

你能按时完成工作吗?

b.特殊疑问句(WQuestions;HQuestions):

Wheredoyoulive?你住那儿?

Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事?

c.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):

Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

你是要茶还是要咖啡?

d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):

Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?

他不认识她,对不对?

3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:

Sitdown,please.请坐。

Don'tbenervous!别紧张!

4)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!

(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:

1)简单句(SimpleSentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:

Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。

(主)(谓)

2)并列句(CompoundSentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:

Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite。

(主)(谓)(主)(谓)

食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。

3)复合句(ComplexSentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:

Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。

主句从句

我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。

(三)基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:

1)主+动(SV)例如:

Iwork.我工作。

2)主+动+表(SVP)例如:

Johnisbusy.约翰忙。

3)主+动+宾(SVO)例如:

ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。

4)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)例如:

Timewouldprovemeright.时间会证明我是对的。

5)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)例如:

Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。

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