一般由名词代词形容词副词不定式介词短语等充当,形容词代词数词名词等作定语时通常放在被修饰的词前面,副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首,如果我们说我们使我们的祖国。
Lesson1高中英语语法之句子成分
Lesson1高中英语语法之句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语:由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。Ilovebanana.
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。Mysisterisannurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEnglish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesomeink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmonitor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。Heisanewstudent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLondon.他住在伦敦。
7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等。
英语语法大全之句子的转换与合并
济南沃尔得国际英语
句子的转换与合并
Ⅰ.简单句之间的转换
句型的转换是指一个句子由一种语法结构变为另一种语法结构,而不改变其原来的意义。这是一种有用的练习,可以学会许多不同的说法,能从几个句子中挑选出最适当的句子形式。
A.主动语态与被动语态之间的转换
一个句子可以由主动结构变为被动结构,也可从被动结构变为主动结构(参阅1207—1209):
Hehasfinishedhisuniversitystudies.
Hisuniversitystudieshavebeenfinished.
Theyputhimtodeath.
Hewasputtodeath.
AnEnglishmanteacheshimEnglish.
HeistaughtEnglishbyanEnglishmen.
B.肯定句与否定句之间的转换
一个句子可以由肯定形式变为否定形式,也可由否定形式变为肯定形式:
Iamdoubtfulofhishonesty.
Iamnotsureofhishonesty.
Fewunderstandit.
Notmanyunderstandit.
Heissometimessilly.
Heisnotalwaysclever.
Itistidy.
Itisnotuntidy.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Healwaysobjected.
Heneveragreed.
Hefailedtocome.
Hedidnotcome.
Shetoldthestorywithtears.
Shetoldthestorynotwithouttears.
Onlyheknowsit.
Nobodyelseknowsit.
Helackscourage.
Heiswithoutcourage.
Heisverytired.
Heisnotalittletired.
Hewillalwaysrememberyourkindness.
Hewillneverforgetyourkindness.
C.反问型问句与陈述句之间的转换
反问型问句(RhetoricalQuestions)可以转变为陈述句:Isthatthewaytotreatyourwife?
Thatisnotthewaytotreatyourwife.
CanIsayanything?
Icannotsayanything.
Wherecanyoueverseeaghost?
Youcanneverseeaghostanywhere.
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Whocaresaboutyou?
Nobodycaresaboutyou.
WhyshouldIapologize?
Ishouldnotapologize.
D.不同词类之间的转换
几乎任何词类都可以转换为另一词类。可以是:
1.动词与名词间的转换:
Ourenemyisstrengthening.
Ourenemyisgainingstrength.
Theyagreednottocriticizeeachother.
Theymadeanagreementnottocriticizeeachother.Ithasagoodsmell.
Johndisgracesourfamily.
Johnisadisgracetoourfamily.
2.动词与形容词之间的转换:
Heneglectsmyadvice.
Heisnegligentofmyadvice.
Hefearsnothing.
Heisafraidofnothing.
Thisletterexpresseshisgratitude.
Thisletterisexpressiveofhisgratitude.Theywidenedandlengthenedthestreet.
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http://www.oh100.com 济南沃尔得国际英语smellsgood.It
济南沃尔得国际英语
Theymadethestreetwideandlong.
3.动词与副词间的转换:
HesucceededinadvisingMary.
HeadvisedMarysuccessfully.
Theyenjoyedcelebratingthefestival.
Theycelebratedthefestivaljoyfully.
Thisstorysurpassesothersinbeauty.
Thisstoryissurpassinglybeautiful.
4.名词与形容词间的转换:
Heisamanofwealth.
Heisawealthyman.
Heisahusbandwithnoheart,sheisawifewithalongtongue.
Heisaheartlesshusband,sheisalong-tonguedwife.“HereliestheonlywileofJohnLee.”
“HereliesJohnLee'sonlywife.”
Thispolicyisofgreatimportance.
Thispolicyisveryimportant.
Therewasonceamonsterwiththreeheads.
Therewasonceathree-headedmonster.
5.名词与副词间的转换:
Pleasehandleitwithcare.
Pleasehandleitcarefully.
Inallprobability,itwillrainthisevening.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Mostprobably,itwillrainthisevening.
Ourtroopsenteredthecityintriumph.
Ourtroopsenteredthecitytriumphantly.
6.形容词与副词间的转换:
Afteracarefulanalysis,thefoodprovespoisonous.
Carefullyanalysed,thefoodprovespoisonous.
Hehateshardwork.
Hehatestoworkhard.
7.介词与连词间的转换:
Ilikehimforhisunselfishness.
Ilikehimbecauseheisunselfish.
Iwillwaituntilhisreturn.
Iwillwaituntilhereturns.
Ⅱ.简单句与复合句之间的转换
一个分词、动名词、不定式或介词短语可以转换为复合句,反过来也如此:—Sittingdown,hereadtheletter.
Hesatdownandhereadtheletter.
Theguestleaving,Iwenttobed.
Theguestleft,andthenIwenttobed.
Beingtiredoflife,herefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.
—Heistiredoflife,soherefusestoseeanyfriendsorrelatives.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
—Heranawaytoavoidpunishment.
Heranaway,orhewouldbepunished.
Hehastoworkhardtomaintainhisbigfamily.
Hehastoworkhard,otherwisehecannotmaintainhisbigfamily.Outofadesiretopleasehermother,hesentherthingsfromtimetotime.
Hesentthingstohermotherfromtimetotime,forhedesirestopleaseher.
—Besidessellingrice,heteachesarithmeticintheevening.
Hesellsrice,andbesidesheteachesarithmeticintheevening.Withallhisefforts,hefailed.
Hemadeallefforts,buthefailed.
Byhisgoodmanners,hewinsherheart.
Hehasgoodmanners,thereforehewinsherheart.
Theboyisrewardedforhisbravery.
Theboyisbrave,soheisrewarded.
Ⅲ.简单句与复杂句之间的转换
一个词或是短语可以转变为名词从句、定语从句或状语从句,反过来也如此:
A.名词从句
Icannottellthetimeofhisarrival.
Icannottellwhenhewillarrive.
Ibelieveyourstatement.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Ibelievewhatyoustate.
Iinsistedonhisstudyingart.
Iinsistedthatheshouldstudyart.
Iwasinformedofhisbehaviour.
Iwasinformedofhowhebehaved.
Iwishyoutobealwayshappy.
Iwishthatyouwillbealwayshappy.
Ithinkitfitforyoutotakeoverthebusiness.Ithinkitfitthatyoutakeoverthebusiness.Ilearnofhissuccess.
Ilearnthathehassucceeded.
Hisarrivalisagreatevent.
Thathehasarrivedisagreatevent.
Howtogetridofpovertyisabigproblem.Itisabigproblemhowwecangetridofpoverty.
B.定语从句
Heisaself-mademan.
Heisamanwhohassucceededbyhisownefforts.
Ithasbecomeanindependentcountry.
Ithasbecomeacountrythatisnomorecontrolledbyanothor.
Iwanttoliveanddieinmynativevillage.
IwanttoliveanddieinthevillagewhereIwasborn.
Shewearsasea-blueskirt.
Shewearsaskirtwhichisasblueasthesea.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Weneedanatom-smashingmachine.
Weneedamachinethatcansmashatoms.
Ihavenothingtosay.
IhavenothingthatIwishtosay.
Theevildonelivesafterthedoers.
Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem.
C.状语从句
Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyonthedeathoftheirfather.Thechildrenquarrelledoverthepropertyassoonastheirfatherdied.After20yearsofservice,heretired.
Whenhehadserved20years,heretired.
Hediedinhisnativeplace.
Hediedwherehewasborn.
Hestayedathomebecauseofillness.
Hestayedathomebecausehewasill.
Inspiteofmyadvice,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.
AlthoughIadvisedhim,hepersistedingoingoutwithher.
Youmaydrinktoyourheart'scontent.
Youmaydrinkasmuchasyoulike.
Withoutanywater,thisplantcannotlive.
Unlessitgetssomewater,thisplantcannotlive.
Heistootiredtoworkanymore.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Heissotiredthathecannotworkanymore.
Iwillinformthepolicetopunishhim.
Iwillinformthepolicesothathemaybepunished.
Ⅳ.复杂句与复合句之间的转换
Hegainedalotofmoneyingamblingandhewishedtogambleagain.Afterhegainedalotofmoneyingambling,hewishedtogambleagain.Hemaybeinterestedinartandinthatcaseheshouldgotosomefineartsschool.
Ifheisinterestedinart,heshouldgotosomefineartsschool.Recedeonestepandtheywillproceedthree.
Ifyourecedeonestep,theywillproceedthree.
Heispoor,butheisproud.
Althoughheispoor,heisproud.
Hehasfailed,yethehasdonehisbest.
Althoughhehasfailed,hehasdonehisbest.
Wemustkeepsilentorfatherwillgetangry.
Wemustkeepsilentlestfathershouldgetangry.
Hemustlivearegularlife,otherwisehewillfallill.
Unlesshelivesaregularlife,hewillfallill.
Heisaverygoodteacher,sothestudentslikehim.
Thestudentslikehim,becauseheisagoodteacher.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Theyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,thereforetheyunderstandeachotherthoroughly.
Astheyhavesaidalltheywishtosay,theyunderstandeachother
thoroughly.
Ⅴ.直接引语和间接引语之间的转换
说话人讲的话可以用两种方式来引用。如果引用他的原话,就称作直接引语。因此Hesaid,“Iamveryill.”为直接引语。如果按引用人的观点来引用,则称为间接引语。因此Hesaidthathewasveryill.为间接引语。Said这样的动词称为引话动词,它前面的主语,例如he,可称为第一主语。引语中的主语,如I及he,称为第二主语。引语中的谓语动词称为第二动词。当直接引语转换为间接引语,或间接引语转换为直接引语时,有几个问题需要注意。
A.大写与标点
直接引语放在引号之内,第一个字母要大写,引号前加逗号(间或用冒号),引语末加句号、问号或感叹号,但在间接引语中却不加这些。间接引语必须由that,whether(if)或疑问词(who,why,when等)开头,末尾要加句号。此外,在直接引语中问句可能有倒装语序(助动词放在主语前面),但在间接引语中,问句则需变为自然语序:
Isay,“Hewillcome.”
Isaythathewillcome.
Isay:“Whenwillhecome?”
Iaskwhenhewillcome.
B.引话动词与第二动词
引话动词可以是say,remark,observe,claim,explain,con-firm;ask,enquire,question;answer,reply;declare,announce;beg,urge,suggest,request,demand;order,command;object,deny,admit,agree,argue;warn,threaten;think,reflect,consider;write,cable,phone,telex;shout,laugh,sneer等等。
若引话动词是现在时或将来时,则当引语由直接变为间接时,第二动词照旧不变。但若引话动词是过去时,则间接引语中的第二动词,就要由现在时变为过去时,由过去时变为过去完成时等。
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Isay(orwillsay)tohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.”
Isay(orwillsay)tohimthatJohnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.
Isaidtohim,“Johnarrives(orwillarrive,arrived)onSunday.
IsaidtohimthatJohnarrived(orwouldarrive,hadarrived)on
Sunday.
C.引话动词与连词
1.如果间接引语为陈述句,它前面通常都有:saythat,knowthat,tellhimthat,statethat,…
2.如果它是问句,它前面通常有:ask(him)whether(orif),inquire(of
him)whether,demand(ofhim)whether,wonderwhether,wanttoknow
whether;或ask(him)+W(即疑问词,如who,whom,when,why,which),inquire(ofhim)+W,…
3.如果它是感叹句,它前面通常有:exclaimthat,cryoutwithjoythat,…
4.如果间接引语为祈使句,它前面通常有:demandthat,askthat,request
that,advisethat,orderthat,…且里面包含助动词should.此外间接引语还可以转换为不定式短语,这时引话动词需要改为宾补动词:
1.Isaid,“Youareaniceboy”.
Isaidthathewasaniceboy.
Ithought,“Youwillfailagain.”
Ithoughtthathewouldfailagain.
2.Isaid,“Areyouaniceboy?”
Iaskedwhetherhewasaniceboy.
Ithoughttomyself,“Willhefailagain?”
Iaskedmyselfwhetherhewouldfailagain.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Ienquiredofhim,“Whoknowsit?”
Ienquiredofhimwhoknewit.
3.Isaid,“Whataniceboyyouare1
Iexclaimedthathewasindeedaniceboy.
Isaid,“Hurrah!Wehavewonthebattle.”
Icriedwithjoythatwehadwonthebattle.
Hesaid,“Curseit!Youareafool.”
HeexclaimedwithanoaththatIwasafool.
Hesaid,“Bravo!Youhavedonesomethingwonder-ful.”
Heapplaudedme,sayingthatIhaddonesomethingwonderful.
4.Isaidtohim,“Beaniceboy.”
Iadvisedthatheshouldbeaniceboy.
Iadvisedhimtobeaniceboy.
Isaidtohim,“Seemeatthestation.”
Irequestedthatheshouldseemeatthestation.
Irequestedhimtoseemeatthestation.
D.代词
此外还要注意,把直接引语变为间接引语时,代词需作改变。如果在直接引语中代词为第一人称,在变为间接引语时,将变为与第一主语一致的代词。
Isaid,“Icandoit.”
IsaidthatIcoulddoit.
Hesaid,“Imustgo.”
Hesaidthathemustgo.
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济南沃尔得国际英语
Yousaid,“Iknow.”
Yousaidthatyouknew.
Wesaid,“Wecandoit.”
Wesaidthatwecoulddoit.
Theysaid,“Wemustgo.”
Theysaidthattheymustgo.
Isaid“Wecandoit.”
Isaidthatwecoulddoit.(We中包括I)
如果在直接引语中,代词为第二人称,在间接引语中它将变成与引话动词的宾语一致的人称:
Itoldhim,“Youareright.”
Itoldhimthathewasright.
Itoldyou,“Youareright.”
Itoldyouthatyouwereright.
Hetoldme,“Youareright.”
HetoldmethatIwasright.
Hetoldus,“Youareright.”
Hetoldusthatwewereright.
Wetoldthem,“Youareright.”
Wetoldthemthattheywereright.”
Tosomebody也可看作是宾语:
Hesaidtome(=toldme),“Youareright.”
HesaidtomethatIwasright.
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Heexplainedtothem,“Youhavegonethewrongway.”
Heexplainedtothemthattheyhadgonethewrongway.
引话动词的宾语有时可以省略,但它在间接引语中可能需要说出来:
TheyaskedmewhenIwouldgetmarried.Isaid,“Youwilllearnitverysoon.”
…Isaidthattheywouldlearnitverysoon.
如果在直接引语中代词为第三人称,在间接引语中,它可以保持不变:
Itoldyou,“Heiscrazy.”
Itoldyouthatheiscrazy.
Hetoldme,“Sheiscrazy.”
Hetoldmethatshewascrazy.
Wetoldhim,“Theyarecrazy.”
Wetoldhimthattheywerecrazy.
Hetoldme,“Heiscrazy.”(这两个he代表两个不同的人)
Hetoldmethatacertainpersonwascrazy.
还需指出,上述代词,在直接或间接引语中,可以为任何“格”,而不仅仅是主格:Hetoldme,“Iwillaskmybrothertotakemetothepictures.”
Hetoldmethathewouldaskhisbrothertotakehimtothepictures.Hedeclared“Wemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous1
Hedeclaredthatwemusturgethemtoreturnourterritorytous.
E.时间副词(短语)
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间接引语中的时间副词(短语)可能和直接引语中的时间副词(短语)不同,这是因为原来说话人提到的时间可能与现在引话人提到的时间不同:
Hesaid,“Maryisverybusynow.”
HesaidthatMarywasverybusythen.
Hesaid,“Marycameyesterday.”
HesaidthatMaryhadcomethedaybefore(orthepreviousday).
Hesaid,“Marycamefivedaysago.”
HesaidthatMaryhadcomefivedaysbefore(orfivedaysearlier).Hesaid,“Marywillcometomorrow.”
HesaidthatMarywouldcomethefollowingday(orthenextday).Hesaid,“Marywillcomeinfivedays1
HesaidthatMarywouldcomefivedaysafterwards(orlater).
F.第一主语及引话动词的位置
在新闻报导中第一主语有时放在引话动词的后面:
SaidStevens,“…”
CommentsDr.Lee,“…”
BoastedAsiaBankpresidentJohnBush,“…”
第一主语及引话动词,除了放在直接引语前面外,还可放在其他位置:
Hesaid,“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”
“Oh1hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest.”(但不说saidhe)
“Oh!Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid.(但不说saidhe)
“Oh!Ihavedonemybest.”(如果大家都清楚这话是谁说的,第一主语及引话动词也可不必说出。)
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在第一主语及引话动词放在其他位置时,要注意标点符号:
Hesaid,“Oh,Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”
“Oh,”hesaid,“Ihavedonemybest;Ihavemadeeveryeffort.Butallinvain.”
“Oh,Ihavedonemybest,”hesaid;“Ihavemadeeveryeffort,Butallinvain.”
如果引话动词有较长的修饰语,最好把它放在主语及引话动词前面,如果主语及引话动词在直接引语后面,长修饰语最好放在引话动词后面:
Afterashortspaceofsilencehesaid,“I'llconsiderthisproblem.”“I'llconsiderthisproblem,”hesaidafterashortspaceofsilence.如果主语和引话动词放在直接引语的中间或后面,作主语的名词可以放在引话动词的后面或前面(若主语是人称代词,只能放在动词后面):
“Ithinkso,”hesaid(orLeosaid,saidLeo).(很少说saidhe)“EverythingisOK1shesays(orAmysays,saysAmy).(很少说saysshe)
Ⅵ.简单句的合并
两个或更多简单句可以合并成一个比较复杂的句子,这种练习对学习写作的人很有好处。两个或更多简单句可借助并列连词合并成一个复合句:
HesawJohn.Hegreetedhim.
HesawJohnandhegreetedhim.
IcalledonMary.Marywasill.
IcalledonMary,butMarywasill.
Hehasnotasinglepenny.Hehastobeg.Hewillbestarved.
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Hehasnotasinglepenny,sohehastobeg,otherwisehewillbe
starved.
两个或更多简单句,可以加上从属连词,把一个或更多句子变为名词从句、定语从句或状语从句,这样来合并成为一个复杂句。
1.变成名词从句:
Hehasarrived.Iknowit.
Iknowthathehasarrived.
Hemayhaveanaccident.Iamafraid.
Iamafraidthathemayhaveanaccident.
Howmanywerekilled?Iamnotsure.
Iamnotsurehowmanywerekilled.
Howdidheachievethissuccess?Thatisunknowntome.
Howheachievedthissuccessisunknowntome.
2.变成定语从句:
Whoisthatman?Isawthatmanyesterday.
WhoisthemanIsawyesterday?
Theboywascaughtbythepolice.TheboystolemyPekinesedog.
TheboywhostolemyPekinesedogwascaughtbythepolice.
Shewearsaskirt.Idon'tlikeaskirtlikethis.
Idon'tlikesuchaskirtasshewears.
3.变成状语从句:
Iwalkedalong.Atthattime,itwasraining.
WhenIwalkedalong,itwasraining.
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Youturntotheright.Youcanseethehotel.
Ifyouturntotheright,youcanseethehotel.
Hesufferedfromcancer.Hehadsmokedtoomuch.
Hesufferedfromcancer,becausehehadsmokedtoomuch.
Helooksstupid.Heisclever.
Helooksstupidthoughheisclever.
Hestudiesuntilmidnight.Hewishestopasstheexam.
Hestudiesuntilmidnightsothathemaypasstheexam.
两个或更多简单句,也可以把其中一个或更多简单句变成一个短语,甚至一个词,来合并成一个较为复杂的简单句:
Mr.Johnsonwillleaveourschool.Heisateacherofhistory.
Mr.Johnson,ateacherofhistory,willleaveourschool.(用同位语代替一个句子)
Hedied.Heisforgotten.
Heisforgottenafterhisdeath.(用介词短语代替句子)
Shepoisonedherself.Shehadaquarrelwithherhusband.
Shepoisonedherselfbecauseofhavingaquarrelwithherhusband.(用“介词+动名词”结构代替句子)
Heiswillingtosacrificehimself.Hewishestopleaseher.
Heiswillingtosacrificehimselftopleaseher.(用不定式代替句子)Theenemysurrenderedthemselves.Theycametouswithawhiteflag.
Theenemysurrenderedthemselves,comingtouswithawhiteflag.(用分词代替句子)
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初中英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类
初中英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类
摘要:复合句(ComplexSentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)
Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
2)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions):
Canyoufinishtheworkintime?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b.特殊疑问句(WQuestions;HQuestions):
Wheredoyoulive?你住那儿?
Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事?
c.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions):
Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?
他不认识她,对不对?
3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sitdown,please.请坐。
Don'tbenervous!别紧张!
4)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1)简单句(SimpleSentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:
Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。
(主)(谓)
2)并列句(CompoundSentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite。
(主)(谓)(主)(谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)复合句(ComplexSentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:
Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema。
主句从句
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(BasicSentencePatterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主+动(SV)例如:
Iwork.我工作。
2)主+动+表(SVP)例如:
Johnisbusy.约翰忙。
3)主+动+宾(SVO)例如:
ShestudiesEnglish.她学英语。
4)主+动+宾+补(SVOC)例如:
Timewouldprovemeright.时间会证明我是对的。
5)主+动+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)例如:
Mymothermademeanewdress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。