如练习试找出下列句子的主语，如练习试找出下列句子的补足语，七状语修饰动词形容词副词或整个句子，同位语与被它限定的词常常紧挨在一起，答案一指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分。
英语句子成分入门[1]1
句子成份
英语在其长期的发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构，即：主语+谓语。主语是句子的话题，而谓语是对话题所作的说明。两者构成了句子的主要成份，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。除此之外，还包括表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语六种次要成分，可根据句子的需要可有可无。
一、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、主格代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句担任，在陈述句中常置于句首。主语由名词性的词来充当。
如：Ilikefootball.练习：试找出下列句子的主语：
1)Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.2)ThecapitalofFranceisPairs.
3)Wehavefinishedourtaskaheadoftime.4)Oursisagreatcountry.
5)Thesecondisbetterthanthefirst.6)Seeingisbelieving.
7)John’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerishisoneregret.8)TostudyEnglishwellisveryimportantforacollegestudentnow.
9)Whathesaidisnottrue.
10)Studyhardandmakeprogreeveryday.
二、谓语：谓语是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作或所处的状态等。谓语通常由动词或动词词组来充当。如：Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.练习：试找出下列句子的谓语：
1)HestudiedinBritainfor3years.2)Ididn’twatchthemovielastnight.
3)Nowstudentsarepayingmoreattentiontopronunciation.4)Theylived,ateandworkedtogetherwiththeworkersformorethanamonth.
5)Everymeanshasbeentriedwithoutanyeffect.
6)Youshouldn'thaveopenedherletter.7)Weusedtoteachinthesameschool.8)Youdidn'thavetogothereinperson.9)Heissaidtohavebeentomanycountries.10)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.
三、表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它一般位于系动词之后。如：Helooksveryyoung.练习：试找出下列句子的表语：
1)Hisparentsarebothmiddleschoolteachers.2)Youarethefirstinthecompetition.3)Ourcampusisverybeautifulinspring.
4)Thetemperatureisdownabout10degreestoday.5)Allthestudentsareintheclassroomwaitingforyou.6)Ourplanistohavepicnicthisweekend.
7)Thestudentsgotveryexcitedwatchingthefootballgame.8)Thefilmwasverymoving.9)Herfirstjobwassellingshoes.
10)Oursuggestionisthatyougiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.
四、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者。宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。
例如：Tomelosthislifeinthebigfire.练习：试找出下列句子的宾语：
1)Wewillstudyanewlessonnextweek.2)Heoftenhelpsmeinmystudy.
3)Chinawonthefirstinthenumberofgoldmedalsatthe14thAsianGames.
4).Idon'tthinkIcanfollowyou.
5)Canyoutelluswhetherhewillcome?
6)Tellthemwheretheyshouldputthemachines.
7)Whateverdifficultieshemet,hewouldgetridofthem.8)Respecttheoldandcherishtheyoung.
9)Theyavoidedtalkingaboutthesubjectatthemeeting.10)Theyofferedtohelpuswhenwewereindifficulties.
五、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。如：Guilinisabeautifulcity.练习：试找出下列句子的定语：
1)Nowadays,wehaveatwo-dayweekend,sowehavemoresparetime.
2)Themanspeakingatthemeetingisthechairmanofourdepartment.
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3)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.
4)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.5)HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.
6)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.7)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.
8)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.
六、补足语：英语中为了使句子意义完整，需要对主语或宾语进行补充说明，这就是补足语。补充说明主语的称为主语补足语。补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。
如：Wechosehimourmonitor.练习：试找出下列句子的补足语：
1)Ioftenfindhimreadinginthelibrary.2)Heisoftenfoundreadinginthelibrary.3)HisfathernamedhimDongming.4)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.
5)Letthefreshairin.
6)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.7)Wesawherenteringtheroom.
8)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.
七、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、程度状语、伴随状语、让步状语、条件状语、原因状语、结果状语和目的状语。
如：Tomorrowwewillvisitthemuseum.练习：试找出下列句子的状语：
1)WeusuallyhaveEnglishclassesinthelanguagelab.2)Ourteachersteachusverypatiently.
3)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.
4)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.
5)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.
6)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.
八、同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词常常紧挨在一起。
如：Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.练习：试找出下列句子的同位语：
1)Hisdinner，eggsandvegetables，issimple．2)Threepersons—you，heandI—willhavetomaintainthisbigfamily．
3)TheDiamond，thebest－knownrestaurantintown，isnotfaraway．
4)Youmayaskanyone—him，herorme．
5)Theyinvitedourfamily—father，motherandme—totheircountry-house．
6)Atthenews，Ifeltashamedforusofficials．
练习题：选择填空：
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenownow
()2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicely()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latest()5.Theactor______ http://www.oh100.com adB.diedC.dyed()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We, http://www.oh100.com ,weC.We,our()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowded()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.that()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhich
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D.Themanishere
http://www.oh100.com adedD.We,weD.crowdedlyD.thatisD.waslookedD.where
答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
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英语入门句子成分
英语入门学案--句子成分
英语入门--句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句学案
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分
有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名
词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.（数词）
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定
式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓
语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfor
twoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词
及表语从句表示。例如：
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）
Isityours?（代词）
Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）
Thespeechisexciting.（分词）
Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）
HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）
Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）
Timeisup.Theclaisover.（副词）
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）
Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）
Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）
复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容
词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）
Letthefreshairin.（副词）
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）
Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以
下形式表示：
Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）
Waitaminute.（名词）
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）
Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannels
todifferentpartsofthegarden.