定语从句缺主语用什么

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定语从句缺主语用什么

　　定语从句是高考单选必考的重要考点，也是阅读中长难句常见的句型结构，同时也是提升写作表达的重要知识点。但是不少同学学习了很久，对于定语从句的掌握还是差强人意。今天就开始重点说一下定语从句的基本用法。

　　要理解定语从句，首先就要理解什么是“定语”。“定语”是修饰名词的，也就是形容词，比如漂亮的，丑陋的，大的，小的……当定语太长，比如”穿着红衣服的那个漂亮的女孩，一个形容词无法担任起修饰名词的任务，此时就把定语变成一个句子，放在名词后面，所以定语从句一定是在名词之后的。

　　定语从句由三部分构成，名词（又叫先行词）+关系代词/关系副词+定语从句。

　　This is the house that I bough.

　　This is the house where I spent my childhood.

　　那究竟是要用关系还是关系副词，我们要做两件事情：

　　看定语从句的句子成分

　　看定语从句和名词的关系

　　定语从句的成分

　　缺主语

　　既然叫从句，它就是一个句子，句子就要有主谓宾。如果定语从句缺主语，那就要在定于从句前加上关系代词that/which/who充当主语，前面的名词如果是人用that和who都可以，如果是物，用that和which

　　例子

　　This is the man who/that helped me.

　　I lost the book that/which cost me 100 yuan.

　　缺宾语

　　同缺主语的情况一样，前面的名词如果是人用that和who都可以，如果是物，用that和which，唯一不同的是关系代词作宾语时可以省略。

　　This is the man (who/that) I like.

　　I lost the book (which/that) he bought.

　　That和which既可以指人也可以指物，但是有四种情况下，关系代词一般用that

　　先行词既有人也有物

　　The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us.

　　先行词是all,little,much,none,the first

　　All that glitters is not gold.

　　先行词是不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything

　　I would much rather receive something that made me laugh.

　　先行词被any,only,all,every,形容词和序数词修饰时，用that

　　Tell us all things that you know.

　　非限定性定于从句不用that

　　I became a single mother overnight,which is nothing like becoming famous overnight.

　　拓展：定语从句中缺主语时引导词都可以用什么

　　1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing (something 除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如：

　　Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?

　　There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。

　　All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。

　　There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。

　　He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。

　　注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：

　　Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

　　All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。

　　2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

　　The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

　　3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

　　This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

　　4.当先行词被the very,the only修饰时。如：

　　This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。

　　After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owns. 家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：

　　Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。

　　5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：

　　Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁?

　　Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身?

　　6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：

　　They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。

　　Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴

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