when,that引导定语从句
when,that引导定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的`理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:1)引导定语从句;2)代替先行词;3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象及在从句中所作的成分使用要点that
即指人又指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)只用于限制性定语从句中,介词后面不能跟that。 当代替物时,可以与which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
which
指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)
在非限定性定语从句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中,可用在介词之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里
who,whom
指人;作主语或宾语(whom常可省略) 先行词必须为人。Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词,须用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定语 是代词的所有格, 代物时,相当于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。
注意:whose指物时,常用of which结构来代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
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