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定语从句that when

时间:2021-07-06 08:13:05 英语 我要投稿

定语从句that when

  一、that在定语从句中的用法

  1、不用that的情况

  (1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

  (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

  (2) 介词后不能用。

  We depend on the land from which we get our food.

  We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

  2、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

  (1) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。

  (2) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

  (3) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。

  (4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.

  (5) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

  (6) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.

  (7) 为了避免重复.

  (8) 先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略

  (9) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时

  二、定语从句引导词 when

  when作为定语从句的引导词时,表示时间,在从句中充当时间状语,后面需要加上完整的陈述语序。

  句式:表示时间的名词+when+完整陈述句+句子其它成分。

  when引导的定语从句可以放在主语,宾语或者表语,甚至为名词的宾补之后。

  例:

  【一】

  The night when we took a stroll in the park was so cold.

  咱们在公园散步的那个晚上好冷。

  night 做主语,被定语从句when we took a stroll in the park 修饰。

  【二】

  I remember the night when we took a stroll in the park.

  我记得那个咱们一起在公园散步的夜晚。

  night变成了宾语,被定语从句when we took a stroll in the park修饰。

  【三】

  What I can never forget is the night when we took a stroll in the park.

  我永不能忘记的.是咱们一起在公园散步的那个夜晚。

  night变成了表语,被定语从句when we took a stroll in the park修饰。

  以上三组例句中,when后面所接的都是完整句,并且when 后的从句时态和主句一致。前提是when充当的从句的时间状语,相当于是at the night.

  所以,以上三句,可以把when都改成at which。

  写作必备when引导定语从句句式:

  There was a time when...... 曾经。。。

  There was a time when people were never bothered by pollution.

  曾经人们不用为污染烦忧。

  We all experience a day when......我们都经历过。。。

  We all experience a day when everything goes wrong.

  我们都经历过事事不顺心的一天。

  we can never ignore the time when......我们绝不能忽视。。。

  We can never ignore the time when computers penetrate our life and study.

  我们不能忽视这个电脑渗透进我们的生活和学习的年代。

  三、如何选择定语从句的引导词

  选择定语从句的引导词是学习定语从句的难点。以下口诀可帮助同学们化难为易。

  一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;

  三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。

  现将四句口诀分述如下:

  “一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。

  【高考链接】

  The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.

  A. they B. where C. what D. that

  答案:D。

  解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。

  “二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。

  【经典例析】

  试比较以下两句:

  1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?

  2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?

  第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。

  “三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。

  【高考链接】

  The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.

  A. that B. which

  C. whose D. what

  答案:C。

  解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。

  “四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。

  【经典例析】

  1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.

  当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。

  2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.

  为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。

  3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.

  such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。

  最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。

  关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。

  that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;

  which 通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;

  who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;

  whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;

  时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,

  要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;

  as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,

  修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。

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