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定语从句的关系代词

时间:2022-12-07 09:41:01 英语 我要投稿

定语从句的关系代词

  定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,下面是小编为大家收集的定语从句的关系代词,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

  定语从句的关系代词

  引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as等;关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用。关系词起3个作用:

  1、引导定语从句。

  2、代替先行词。

  3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

  本单元学习关系代词引导的定语从句。

  1. who指人,在从句中做主语

  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

  2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略

  Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

  Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

  注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中有的时候常用who代替,并且可以省略。如:

  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

  whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:

  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  → The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

  → Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

  4. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

  This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

  5. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从

  句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  The number of the people that/who visit the city each year rises one million.

  Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

  The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000.

  It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house.

  The boy(whom/that/who)we saw yesterday was John’s brother.

  The car(which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

  关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语,因此定语从句不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。如:

  (误)The story(that/which)you told me it yesterday is interesting.

  (正)The story(that/which)you told me yesterday is interesting.

  昨天你给我讲的那个故事很有趣。

  That 和which在定语从句中指物时,常常可以互换。但下面几种特殊情况,不能互换,只能用that, 不用which.

  1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which. 例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam.

  他是第一个通过考试的人。

  2)被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which. 例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

  你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

  3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which. 例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.

  这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

  4)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

  5)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that. 例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying?

  正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

  6)主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

  桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

  关系代词

  which:引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;先行词指事物

  that:引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;先行词指人或事物

  who:引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语;先行词指人

  whom:引导从句,在从句中作宾语;先行词指人

  whose:引导从句,在从句中作定语,先行词指人

  as:引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语;通常用于such…as…结构

  He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人.(先行词指人,关系

  代词who/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语)

  Is there anyone in your department whose father is a teacher?你们系有个父亲是老

  师的.人吗?(先行词之人,关系代词whose引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作定语)

  To be frank,I don’t like the movie which/that you recommend to me yesterday.

  说实话,你昨天推见给我的那部影片我不喜欢.(先行词指物,关系代词which/that引导

  定语从句,并在从句中作宾语)

  一 定语从句中关系代词的使用

  ⒈ 如果修饰人,一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that。在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that, 作宾语的一般用whom, who或that, 作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。(在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略)

  如:

  ①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.

  我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。

  ( 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语,不可省略)

  ②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.

  这就是你想见的人。

  ( 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

  ③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?

  你班上有谁家在东北的?

  ( 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,不能省略)

  注意:用who 还是whom ,完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定,与先行词在主句中的作用无关。尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用。

  如:

  ①The person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.

  寄信人要付邮资。

  ( who sent the letter是定语从句,修饰person, who在定语从句中作主语,因此用主格)

  ②He is a man who I believe is honest.

  他是一个我认为诚实的人。

  ( I believe是插入语,去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立,who是定语从句中动词is的主语,故用主格,不用宾格whom.)

  ⒉ 如果修饰事物,用关系代词which 和that,作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which (不能省) ,而不用that(关系代词that既能代人,又能代物)。whose也可用来指物(此时可用of which来代替),在定语从句中作定语。

  如:

  ①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.

  不要买颜色还是青的西红柿。

  ( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省)

  ②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.

  他们卖的鱼不新鲜。

  ( that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语,可以省)

  ③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  门坏了的那个教室将很快修理。

  ④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.

  =The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.

  他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯。

  (介词with位于关系代词之前,须用which,不能省,也不能用that)

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