关系代词定语从句

　　系词的用法与区别定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。下面为大家介绍的是关系代词定语从句用法，欢迎参考!

　　在复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。学习定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose(一般指人);which(一般指物); that(指人或物)等。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：

　　1. This is the teacher who / that teaches us English. 这就是教我们英语的老师。(关系代词who / that 作主语。)

　　2. Do you understand the sentence which / that I have just explained to you? 你们懂不懂我刚才给你们讲的那个句子?(关系代词which / that 作have explained 的`宾语。)

　　3. China is no longer the country that she used to be. 中国不再是过去那样的国家了。(关系代词that 作be的表语。)

　　4. Do you know the student whose composition is the best in our school? 你认识那个在我们学校作文最好的学生吗?(关系代词whose作composition的定语。)

　　关系代词引导定语从句要注意下列几个问题：

　　一、关系代词与先行词。关系代词所修饰的(或指代的)词叫做先行词;先行词如果是“物”，则关系代词用which或that; 先行词如果是“人”，则关系代词用who或that; 也就是说，that既可用来修饰“人”也可用来修饰“物”。如：

　　1. This is the newspaper which / that I am looking for.

　　[分析]定语从句的先行词为news-paper, 故关系代词可以用which或that。

　　2. Mr. Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.

　　[分析]定语从句的先行词为teacher, 故关系代词可以用who或that。

　　但如果先行词为all， everything， anything， nothing， little, much 等不定代词，或先行词被very， all， no， any， every， little， much， only等不定代词修饰时，关系代词只用that; 如果先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词也只用that; 如果先行词既有“人”又有“物”时，关系代词也只能用that。如：

　　1. Finally, the thief handed every-thing that he had stolen to the police.

　　2. That’s the only thing that we can do now.

　　3. This is the first composition that I have written in English.

　　4. We often talk of the persons and things that we knew in the school.

　　二、省略与不能省略。关系代词作主语，不能省略;关系代词作宾语，可以省略。如：

　　1. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing.

　　[分析] Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks是主句; that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing是定语从句。关系代词that作定语从句的主语，故不能省略。

　　2. The book (which / that) I lent you yesterday is my brother’s.

　　[分析] The book is my brother’s是主句;(which / that) I lent you yesterday是定语从句。关系代词which / that作定语从句里谓语动词的宾语，故可以省略。

　　3. The old man with white hair (who/ whom / that ) we saw at yesterday’s meeting is a professor.

　　[分析] The old man with white hair is a professor.是主句;(who/whom/that)we saw at yesterday’s meeting是定语从句。关系代词who/whom/that作谓语动词saw的宾语，故可以省略。

　　三、whose的用法。不管先行词是“人”还是“物”，都可以用关系代词whose作定语修饰后面的名词。如：

　　1. This book is for the students whose native language is not English.

　　[分析] whose的先行词是“人”;whose 的意思相当于the students’，在定语从句里充当定语。

　　2. Do you know who is living in that house whose windows face south?

　　[分析] whose的先行词是that house; whose window的意思相当于the window of that house, 在定语从句里充当定语。

　　四、who与 whom。指代“人”的关系代词作宾语时，既可用who也可用whom, 但作主语时只能用who。如：

　　1. Is this the man who / whom you asked for help yesterday?

　　[分析] 因为关系代词作asked的宾语，故既可以用who也可以用whom(当然也可以省略)。

　　2. This is the man who helped me carry my bag upstairs.

　　[分析]因为关系代词作主语，故只能用who (当然也可以用that)。

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