定语从句省略关系副词

　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　1）when, where, why

　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

　　there are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　beijing is the place where (in which) i was born.北京是我的出生地。

　　is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

　　2）that代替关系副词

　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

　　his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

　　he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

　　定语从句的'知识点

　　1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

　　(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down.

　　2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.

　　[注]表示时间"time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。

　　By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

　　到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

　　I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

　　Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。

　　每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

　　3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语

　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

　　(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由"介词+关系代词"引导的从句替换

　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,

　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

　　注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

　　2）that前不能有介词。

　　3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。

　　This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

　　Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

　　This is the reason why he came late.

　　This is the reason for which he came late.

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