英语语音语调基本知识

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英语语音语调基本知识

　　在现实学习生活中，大家都没少背知识点吧？知识点是传递信息的基本单位，知识点对提高学习导航具有重要的作用。掌握知识点是我们提高成绩的关键！下面是小编帮大家整理的英语语音语调基本知识，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

英语语音语调基本知识

　　一、音素

　　英语语音的最小单位是音素。例如/bi:/是由/b/和/i:/两个音素构成的。音素分两大类:元音和辅音。它们在音节中各司其职;音节主要以元音为中心，元音前后可有一个或多个辅音。英语有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。要掌握好英语语音，就得学会48个音素的正确发音和元音音素的两种基本语调，即升调和降调。在学习过程中，要特别注意本族语的语音和英语语音不可相互代替。否则，将会给以后的学习造成很大的困难。记录和描写音素的符号是音标。

　　二、国际音标

　　学习英语语音，一般采用国际音标。因为英语的拼写与发音之间有很多不一致的地方，所以被称为欧洲语言中拼读最难的语种。概括起来，英语发音的复杂特点有以下几种情况:

　　(1)一个字母可有多种发音。例如:

　　字母a的读法有———cat//;face/ei/;father/:/;wa-ter/:/;any/e/等。

　　字母e的读法有———these/i:/;toilet/i/;american/e/;student//等。

　　字母i的读法有———license/ai/;which/i/等。

　　字母o的读法有———photo/u/;today//;wrong//;color//;who/u:/;woman/u/等。

　　字母u的读法有———duty/ju:/;mum//;ruler/u:/;put/u/等。

　　(2)读同一元音，写多种拼法。例如:

　　下列各词都带/u/音，但同音部分拼法不相同:owe，so，sew，sow，beau，toe，though，oh。

　　有些词都带有/i:/音，但拼法不同:chinese，team，green，people等。

　　有些词都带有/ai/音，拼法却不相同:bye，kite，right，height，behind等。

　　有些词都带有/ei/音，拼法也不一样:eraser，today，gain，they等。

　　(3)两三个字母组合发一个音。例如:

　　th念//或//:think/i k/，throw/r u/，there//等。

　　sh念//:fish/fi/，wash/w/，dish/di/等。

　　sch念//:schedule/edju:l/，scheelite/i:lait/，schilling/ili/等。

　　oo念/u/或/u:/:too/tu:/，school/sku:l/，soot/sut/等。ea念/i:/或/e/:heat/hi:t/，head/hed/，heaven/hevn/等。

　　ee念/i:/:three/ri:/，meet/mi:t/，green/ri:n/等。igh念/ai/:light/lait/，right/rait/，bright/brait/等。ar念/:/:are/:/，car/k:/，barge/b:d/等。

　　oor/or念/:/:morning/m:ni/，or/:/，floor/fl:/等。

　　ere念/i/:here/hi/，mere/mi/，sere/si/等。

　　er/ir念/:/:hers/h:z/，bird/b:d/，skirt/sk:t/等。oi/oy念/i/:toilet/t ilit/，boy/b i/，toy/t i/等。

　　ear/eir念//:pear/p/，their//，theirs/z/等。ou/ow念/au/:blouse/blauz/，about/baut/，flower/flau/等。

　　ey/ei念/ei/:eight/eit/，they/ei/，eighty/eiti/等。(4)一个字母表示两个相连的音。例如x念/ks/或/z/:tax/t ks/，excuse/ikskju:z/，example/i z mpl/，ex-change/ikst eid/等。

　　(5)有的字母在特定单词里不发音。例如:know的k;doubt的b;psychology的p等。

　　国际音标中每一个符号只代表一个音，十分科学，没有任何重复和漏洞。掌握了国际音标，我们就可以毫不含糊地把每个词的读音记下来，对学习发音是一个极大的帮助。

　　三、音的组合

　　任何一个单词都是由音素的不同组合而成。英语中，同一音节中两个或两个以上相邻的辅音结合在一起，这种结构叫做辅音群(或辅音连缀、辅音丛)。两个、三个辅音的连缀，在英语中是普遍的。像sixths/siks z/这样四个辅音的连缀却比较少。英语单词里，辅音连缀所出现的位置有一定规律，通常只出现在词首或词尾。值得特别注意的是，辅音群中，辅音之间决不能夹有元音;以不发音的元音结尾的词，朗读时，辅音后面也不能附加元音。请注意以下几个方面:

　　英语语音语调

　　I英语语音要点：

　　1.按照音标发好每个词的音（单词重音）：

　　2.不可把不完全爆破发成完全爆破：

　　（1）blac(k)board goo(d) time si(t ) down a(c)tor publi（c）duty

　　(2 ) absenteighthpicture a big change help them？

　　3.注意词的弱读式：

　　aan and are as because can for from

　　havehas hadof orthat than towas

　　4.注意词与词间的连读：

　　（1）an American writer China is in Asia.

　　（2）far away There are about eight American novels.

　　（3）my only daughterher English teacher

　　5.注意语句重音：

　　（1）n. v.adj.adv. num.. demo. pron.inter.

　　（2）art. Prep. conj. link-v. aux.v. pron.

　　6.注意语调：

　　（1）降调—陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、特殊问句（肯定、完整的意义）

　　（2）升调—一般疑问句、呼语、问候语、告别语、道歉语（不完整、委婉等）

　　（3）降升调—警告、反驳、安慰、鼓励、祝愿等

　　II英语语句重音：

　　㈠重读的词：

　　1.名词：An elephant is an animal.

　　2.形容词：Her skirt is blue and white.

　　3.数词：John is nine. My second brother is a doctor.

　　4.实义动词：She sings well.

　　5.副词：He speaks English slowly and carefully.

　　6.某些代词：

　　（1）指示代词：thisthatthesethose

　　（2）反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

　　（3）不定代词：some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, etc.

　　Everybody was late.

　　We are many; they are few.

　　Some are red; some are blue.

　　（4）疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, etc.

　　7.叹词：Oh, it’s snowing./ Dear me!

　　㈡不重读的词：

　　1.冠词：This is a computer./ The computer is my sister’s.

　　2.没有语义重音的代词：

　　（1）人称代词：They are my friends.

　　（2）物主代词：Their parents love them very much.

　　（3）关系代词：The book that he is reading is mine.

　　Do you remember the girl whom you met in the party?

　　3.非实义动词：

　　（1）助动词：The meeting will be cancelled.

　　They do not go to church on Sundays.

　　（2）情态动词：He may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.

　　I used to go there.

　　(特殊：need, dare, do)

　　4.连词：

　　（1）并列连词：I won’t do it, for I don’t think it’s right.

　　（2）比较连词：Study as your brother does.

　　He works much harder than you.

　　（3）从属连词：if, when, while, since, now (that), as if

　　5.介词：about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath,

　　beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near,

　　of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up,

　　with

　　㈢说明：

　　1.不重读的词，元音弱化。

　　2.双音节的介词、连词，可重读：after, before, upon, because

　　3. up, down, in, on,作为副词，重读。

　　Go on, please. / Pull the body up from the water. / Let me in. / Put down the book.

　　4.形容词+名词：两个词都重读。

　　He is a fine young man. / It’s been like this every day for two years.

　　5.虚词重读的情况：

　　（1）强调：I didn’t know you were leaving.

　　Yes, I saw that the key was in the box.

　　（2）句首介词：On the day of his arrival, his grandpa died.

　　（3）句末的be和助动词：Where can he be?

　　Do you live here? --- Yes, I do.

　　（4）be和助动词与not的缩写式：Speak louder. I can’t hear you. Isn’t it lovely?

　　（5）be和助动词在句首可重读，也可不重读：

　　Is she any better today?

　　Have you finished writing the letter yet?

　　6.有时某些形容词、副词、动词在句中可不重读：good, little, please, right

　　Good morning.What a pretty little thing!Come in, please.Here he is, right here.

　　III英语语调：

　　㈠降调：

　　— Look.He can’t.We haven’t time. What’s the time?

　　I should like you to come immediately after tea.

　　— I suppose it couldn’t possibly happen again.

　　They managed to catch the last bus into town.

　　She gave him a letter and told him to post it, but not to take long about it.

　　[Eg.]

　　You must take him home.

　　I’ll come as soon as I can.

　　We’ve been trying to get in touch with you all day.

　　How can I help you?

　　How far is it from here to the airport?

　　Who’s coming with me?

　　Where did you say you had put my glasses?

　　They promised to come to see me on their arrival.

　　It’s been a very enjoyable evening for all of us.

　　They had dinner at restaurant, and they went to a show.

　　I went to my brother’s room for the box, but the door was locked, so I couldn’t get it.

　　Stand up.Sit down.Come again tomorrow. A cup of coffee for me！What a pity!

　　How interesting!What lovely weather!How late you are!

　　㈡升调：

　　Doesn’t she? Have you spoken to him? Did anyone remember to lock the front door?

　　That’s right. What is your name? What can I do for you?

　　[Eg.]

　　Yes?Me? Where? Fine?These?Do you know? May I come in?Are you on the phone?Did you enjoy it? Can you manage? Can I help you?

　　Have you heard the latest news? Do you mind if I open the window?

　　That’s all. That’s enough. Keep on trying. If you like. I beg your pardon.

　　Let me know how you get on.I’m Richard, R-I-C-H-A-R-D.

　　One, two, three, four, five altogether. July the seventh, nineteen, ninety seven.

　　I like oranges, bananas, apples and pears.

　　㈢多语调群：

　　1.升—降：

　　（1）状语/状语分句+主句：After the game, we had some tea. / When he came, I asked

　　him to tea.

　　（2）选择问句：Shall we go to the cinema or visit some friends?

　　（3）含有名词性分句或非限制性关系分句的句子：

　　Everybody says that it is an excellent film.

　　How he got there remains unknown.

　　My brother, whose wife is a doctor, has gone abroad.

　　[Eg.]（1）In spite of the rain, they all came as they promised.

　　Although she was very poor, she was extremely honest.

　　So hard did he work, that he was quite worn out.

　　Without knowing what she was doing, she began to cry.

　　（2）Shall I go there or will you come here?

　　Do you want to go out or stay home?

　　Are we going to get married or live together like this all our lives?

　　（3）The question is how we get in touch with him.

　　Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself.

　　2.降—升：

　　（1）主句+状语/状语分句：I’d like to buy a new one, if I could afford it.

　　（2）反义疑问句（对答案无把握）：You live on the campus, don’t you?

　　（3）祈使句+附加问句：Have some tea, will you?

　　[Eg.]（1）We can walk there if there’s time.

　　You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.

　　We must put up with it, since it can’t be helped.

　　We have very little snow here as a rule.

　　（2）It’s going to snow, isn’t it?

　　We must move to Hong Kong, mustn’t we?

　　There won’t be enough time, will there?

　　She hasn’t finished her composition, has she?

　　（3）Make it next Monday, shall we?

　　Shut the door, will you?

　　Be a good girl, will you?

　　Don’t worry, will you?

　　3.降—降：

　　（1）反义疑问句（对答案有把握）：

　　He’s an honest man, isn’t he?

　　She doesn’t work hard, does she?

　　（2）主句+分句(分句语气肯定)：

　　I will talk to him about it when he comes.

　　Let’s get started since you’re all here.

　　（3）并列句（意思联系不太密切）：

　　You’ve worked very well so far, keep it up.

　　Don’t beat about the bush and come to the point.

　　[Eg.]（1）It’s fine day, isn’t it?

　　It’s about the Second World War, isn’t it?

　　Samprass took the first prize, didn’t he?

　　You like coffee, don’t you?

　　（2）There was no one in the room when I got there.

　　I’ll send a car for you if you give me your number.

　　I began to prepare dinner as soon as I got home.

　　She begged me to stay when I insisted going.

　　（3）I don’t want to make a decision at once, I’ll talk it over with John.I can never talk easily with him; we seem to have nothing in commen.None of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.

　　There of the speakers are strongly for; one is strongly against.

　　㈣含插入语句子的语调：

　　1.句首：Of course, he’s a great man.

　　2.句中：This, I think, is the right way to do it.

　　When, do you suppose, you’ll finish the job.

　　3.句末：That’s a difficult problem, to be sure.

　　He may be late, I’m afraid.

　　㈤同位语与其同位成分的语调：

　　1.升—升：Have you seen the film. Gone with the wind?

　　2.降—降：Our university lies in a suburb of Beijing, the capital of China.

　　㈥含称呼语的语调组合：

　　1.句首：