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2023年中考英语常用的不规则动词形态记忆法
在英语词汇中，不规则动词的记忆是比较困难的，虽然学习英语是要记要背，但死记硬背终归不是最佳途径，下面小编为大家搜索整理了关于中考英语常用的不规则动词形态记忆法!
★记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：
一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read
set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
2.词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4.把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
5.把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt—felt
spill—spilt—spilt
7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9.改变元音字母。(11个)
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
10.改变辅音字母。(1个)
make—made—made
11.改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)—had—had
understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1.i—a—u变化。(6个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
2.词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3.词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give，hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4.过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6.过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7.词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。(4个)
can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
★记忆法二：
学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同：
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
二、原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：
beat/beat/beaten
三、原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：
come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run
(come，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed)
四、过去式，过去分词相同：
(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed
(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept
(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt
(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought
buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought
(5)将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
(6)将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said
(7)将d改为t
lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent
spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built
(8)将i改为a,o,u等
sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dugwin/won/won
(9)将ell改为old
tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold
(10)词尾加t
learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的：
learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned
light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted
(12)其它
have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost
hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)
find/found/foundmake/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同：
(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written
rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden
(4)原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten
give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen
(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken
take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
六、有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：
shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放，下蛋laid/laid/laying
find找到、发现find/found/found
found创建，成立found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对：
(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)
或wake/waked/waked醒来
(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近：
(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become变成,成为,变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5)say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论
★记忆法三：
1.无变化，过去式与原形相同。
let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut
(shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank
i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,
(strive→strovearise→arose)
i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)
a→oo:take→took,shake→shook
e→o:get→got,forget→forgot
o→a:come→came,become→became
oo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
(1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold
(2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid
(3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept
(4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought
(5)catch→caught,teach→taught
(6)can→could,will→would,shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
(1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent
(2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard
(3)mean→meant,learn→learnt
记住以上内容，英语不提升就怪了!一定要坚持呀!
中考英语的不规则动词形态记忆法 1
类型划分
⒈A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式）过去式，过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
put put put 放下
read read read 读(读音是ABB型)
hurt hurt hurt 伤
⒉A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten打
⒊A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come来
become became become变
⒋A---B---B型
⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt学习
⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built建筑
lend lent lent借给
⑶其他
pay paid paid付
lay laid laid下蛋
中考英语的不规则动词形态记忆法 2
不规则英语动词的词形变化
定义：动词由原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词（Irregular Verbs）。
现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化，例如：
park→parked （停车──1864）
fax→faxed （以传真传送──1979）
e-mail→e-mailed （以电脑网络传送──1982）
（所附年次为最早用例出现年次──O.E.D.）
因此，不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法，也不可能规避这些不规则动词。
从英语的演变来看，不规则动词就是强势动词（Strong Verbs）──即其词形变化全依其本身之语音（尤其是元音）变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如：
原形： buy sing speak
过去式： bought sang spoke
过去分词： bought sung spoken
而每一型式的变化都有其类群，例如：
buy bought bought （买）
bring brought brought （带来）
fight fought fought （作战）
think thought thought （想）
sing sang sung （唱）
drink drank drunk （喝）
swim swam swum （游泳）
begin began begun （开始）
speak spoke spoken （说）
break broke broken （打破）
steal stole stolen （偷）
freeze froze frozen （冷冻）
因此我们学习不规则动词的时候，最有效的`方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象，了解其变化的型式，发出声音背念，使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing，这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。
注：与强势动词相对，须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词（Weak Verbs）
中考英语的不规则动词形态记忆法 4
AAA型 过去式、过去分词与原形一致
原形 过去式 过去分词 词义
cut cut cut 切、割
shut shut shut 关、闭（门窗）
put put put 放置
let let let 让
set set set 设置
hit hit hit 撞击
hurt hurt hurt 受伤；疼痛
cost cost cost 值…钱；花费
read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] 朗读；阅读
AAB型 过去式与原形一致
beat beat beaten 击败
ABA型 过去分词与原形一致
run ran run 跑步；逃跑
come came come 来
become became become 变得；成为
ABB型 过去式与过去分词一致
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 打架；打仗
think thought thought 想；认为
seek sought sought 寻找；探究
bring brought brought 带来
catch caught caught 抓住；接住
teach taught taught 教；教书
lend lent lent 借出
send sent sent 送；派遣
spend spent spent 花费（时间、金钱）
build built built 建设；建立
feel felt felt 感觉；摸起来
leave left left 离开
keep kept kept 保持；保留
sleep slept slept 睡觉
oversleep overslept overslept 睡过头
sweep swept swept 打扫
mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] 意思是
learn learnt / learned learnt /learned 学；学会
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned 燃烧；烧伤
hear [hiE] heard [hE:d] heard [hE:d] 听见
lead led led 领导；致使
mislead misled misled 把…引错方向
feed fed fed 喂养；喂食
flee fled fled 逃跑
meet met met 遇见；碰到
shoot shot shot 射击
light lit / lighted lit / lighted 点燃
get got got 获得；得到
win won won 获胜；赢得
sit sat sat 坐下
dig dug dug 挖掘
stick stuck stuck 刺；戳
hang hung hung 悬挂
hang hanged hanged 绞死
sell sold sold 出售
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt smelt 闻；嗅
spell spelt spelt 拼写
hold held held 拿着；握住
find found found 找到；发现
stand stood stood 站立
understand understood understood 理解
lay laid laid 下蛋
pay paid paid 付款
say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] 说
have /has had had 有
make made made 制作
shine shone / shined shone / shined 照耀
lose [lu:z] lost [lRst] lost [lRst] 丢失
ABC型 原形、过去式、过去分词不一致
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk 喝；饮
ring rang rung 铃（响）；打电话
sing sang sung 唱歌
sink sank sunk 下沉
swim swam swum 游泳
blow blew blown 吹；刮风
fly flew flown 飞；放（风筝）
know knew [nju:] known 知道；懂得
grow grew grown 种植；生长
throw threw thrown 扔；投
draw drew drawn 绘画
show showed shown 出示；给…看
break broke broken 打破；不服从
speak spoke spoken 说话
steal stole stolen 偷
choose chose chosen 选择
freeze froze frozen 冻结
wake woke woke / woken 醒来；唤醒
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
take took taken 拿走
mistake mistook mistaken 错拿
shake shook shaken 摇动；握（手）
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下；摔倒
rise rose risen [rizn] 上升；上涨
drive drove driven [drivn] 驾驶
give gave given 给
forgive forgave forgiven 原谅
see saw seen 看见
ride rode ridden 骑（车、马）
hide hid hidden 躲藏
bite bit bitten 咬
forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止；不许
write wrote written 书写
bear bore born 忍受
tear tore torn 撕破
wear wore worn 穿、戴（衣帽等）
am / is was been 是
are were been 是
do / does did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺；卧
情态动词的过去式
must must 必须
can could 能够；会
shall should 应当
will would 将；会