2016职称英语考试卫生类强化训练及答案
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题l分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1一4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Drink Ynur Body Needs Most
1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs.Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.
2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain,headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.
3. A good role of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.
4. It may be difficuR to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising.
If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don't need.
23, Paragraph 1
24. Paragraph 2
25. Paragraph 3
26. Paragraph 4
A.Ounces of Water Needed Per Day
B.1mportance of Water
C.Composition of Water
D.Signs of Dehydration
E.Supply of Water
F.Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for Water
27. One cannot live
28. Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water
29. The amount of water your body needs per day is related
30. Don't forget to drink enough water even
A.in your body
B.without water
C.before long
D.for a change
E.on a busy day
F.to your weight
第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择l个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Saving Money
Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are saving to buy a CD (光盘) or to go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.
If you are saving for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip, where would you save your money?
One place to save money is the bank. Putting your money in a savings account will help your money earn more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank (猪形储蓄罐), one year later you'll still have the same amount of money you put in. If you put your money in a savings account, one year later, you'll have more money than you put in. Why ?
When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. Interest is an amount of money a bank pays you to use your money. The bank uses your money ( and the money of other people, too) to loan money to people and businesses.
The bank will send you a statement several times a year. A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your account. It also tells you how much interest you have eamed Ifyou leave your money in the bank, you can watch it grow! Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD. If you have some money that you don't need to use for a long time, this is a good way to make your money grow. You can buy a CD at a bank. You
agree not to use the money for a certain period of time. That period might be from six months to five years. You can't touch your money during that time if you do, you must pay a penalty, or fee.
31. Your money will earn more money if you put it
A. in your room
B. in a piggy bank
C. in your pocket
D. in a savings account
32. A bank pays you interest for
A. wasting your money
B. losing your money
C. using your money
D. decreasing your money
33. Among other things, a bank statement tells you
A. the amount of money you have in the bank
B. the current rates of interest
C. the current rates of exchange
D. the best way to save your money
34. If you draw your money before it is due, you will have to
A. pay interest to the bank
B. close your account
C. open a new account
D. pay a penalty or fee
35. The word "touch" in paragraph 7 could be best replaced by
A. "deposit"
B. "lend"
C. "use"
D. "cash"
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, while her wealthy English parents were traveling in Europe. As a child, she traveled to many places with her family and learned how to speak several languages.
When Nightingale was 17, she told her family that she was going to help sick people. Her parents did not approve, but Nightingale was determined.
She traveled to hospitals all over Europe. She saw that doctors were working too hard She saw that patients died because they did not get enough care. Nightingale felt that women could be doing more to help doctors take care of sick people.
Nightingale knew that in order for nurses to do more, they needed special training in how to take care of sick people. Nightingale went to a hospital in Germany to study nursing. Then she returned to London and became the head of a group of women called Gentlewomen During Illness. These women cared for sick people in their homes.
In 1854, England was fighting a war with Russia. No reporters wrote about the terrible
conditions in the hospitals that cared for the wounded People demanded that something be done about it. A leader of the government asked Florence Nightingale to take some nurses into the war hospitals. So, in November 1854, Nightingale finally got to work in a hospital. She took along 38 nurses whom she had trained herself.
At first, the doctors on the battlefields did not want Nightingale and her nurses in their hospitals. They did not believe that women could help. But in fact, the nurses did make a difference. They worked around the clock, tending the sick. Thanks to their hard work, many wounded soldiers survived.
After the war, Nightingale and her nurses were treated like heroes. Finally, in 1860, she started the Nightingale School for Nurses. In time, thanks to Florence Nightingale, nursing became an important part of medicine.
36. Florence Nightingale was born into a rich
A. Italian family
B. Russian family
C. English family
D. German family
37. Nightingale's parents did not approve of her decision
A. to work as a doctor
B. to care for sick people
C. to fight in the war with Russia
D. to travel to hospitals all over Europe
38. It was not until the War with Russia that Nightingale
A. got to work in a hospital
B. began to study nursing
C. started to care for sick people in their homes
D. became the head of Gentlewomen During Illness
39. On the battlefields Nightingale and her nurses proved to be
A. as bad as the doctors had expected
B. quite generous
C. less than useful
D. very helpful
40. Nightingale played a great role in
A. the building of war hospitals
B. the education of women
C. the development of nursing
D. the improvement of working conditions for women
Look After Your Voice
Often speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in your mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice.
Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.
If you sense that you are losing your voice, stop talking completely. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice.
What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat? I advise you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly. Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.
Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a life-time. Of course you can. Coethe, who lived before indoor skating rinks or swimming pools, said, "We learn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter. " Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body.
41. All the following are mentioned in the passage about how to solve the problem of dry mouths EXCEPT
A. to bite the edges of your tongue
B. to ask for a glass of water
C. to imagine you are having a sour fruit
D. to take cool milk
42. What does the writer suggest when you feel you are losing your voice?
A. Rest your voice.
B. Drink some alcohol.
C. Ask a singer to teach you how to protect your voice.
D. Never go to see a doctor.
43. What is the writer's advice about alcohol before you give a speech?
A. Drink a little of it to feel all-powerful.
B. Don' t drink it.
C. Dilute it with water.
D. Drink it two hours before you make a speech.
44. What did Goethe say about skating and swimming?
A. He said people could learn to skate when it was hot and swim when it was cold.
B. He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was hot.
C. He said people could learn to skate and swim when it was cold.
D. He said people could learn to skate when it was cold and swim when it was hot.
45. Why does the writer cite Goethe's advice?
A. To encourage one to go in for sports.
B. To tell that Goethe had a strong willpower.
C. To prove one can change one's habits.
D. To demonstrate Goethe was creative.