2017高考英语模拟试题「完整版」
第三部分：阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
New Scientist Event
Instant Expert— How Your Brain Works
Saturday, 20 May 2017from 10:00 to 17:00
London, United Kingdom
Ever wondered how your brain works? How that stuff in your head enables you to see, hear and think about the world around you, make decisions and act on them? Join six leading scientists to explore what we know about 4fcthe most difficult kilo of matter in the universe”.
The day will be chaired by psychologist and presenter of BBC Radio 4’s All in the mirtd，Claudia Hammond. ’Overview:
The brain has long been a source of fascination. In 1819, the radical(激进的)thinker and surgeon William Lawrence put it like this: “It’s strongly suspected that a Newton or Shakespeare excels other men only ... by having an extra inch of brain in the right place.”
Today, many such suspicions are certainties. This event will introduce you to the evolution of the brain. We’ll study technique for controlling the brain using electric and magnetic fields, as well as the latest technologies that follow you to control the outside world using your mind alone.
Topics covered will include:
Evolution of the brain
How memory makes us human
Emotion
Sleep and brain
Booking information:
The event will be held in Brunei Auditorium at RCGP/30 Euston Square. And doors to the Auditorium will open at 9:15 am.
We require the name of each person attending — please ensure this is provided at the time of booking.
The schedule for the day will be confirmed closer to the event, and will be emailed to all ticket holders.
A minimum of 100 early bird discounted tickets are available priced at £129 (saving £20 on the full ticket price of £149).
56. What can attendees learn from the event?
A. How much their brain weighs.
B. How their sleep is related to their brain
C. Whether they can act on decisions they made.
D. How their brain is controlled by electric and magnetic fields.
57. When people book tickets, they are .
A. required to offer their email address
B. likely to be told the schedule for the event
C. required to decide when to enter the Auditorium
D. likely to enjoy a discount if they promise to come to the event early
B
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.
In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the tabor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-eamer, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market'problems.
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the y^ar is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.
As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消)by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate~that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems. ’
58. In Pararaph 2, the author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that .
A. more people were unemployed in the 1930，s
unemployment is more intolerable today
C. social programs are more in need now
D. income level has increased since the 1930’s
59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.
B. Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.
C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.
D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.
60. It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by .
A. those doing a low-paid, part-time job
B. children in single-eamer families
C. workers who have just retired
D. full-time workers who become unemployed
61. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?
A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.
B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.
C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.
D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.
C
Fed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever-expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away.
“Energy harvesting” promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body’s movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic devices being developed for the Internet of Things.
“It’s huge，” said Graham Martin, CEO of the EnOcean Alliance, a San Ramon-based group of businesses that promotes wireless energy-harvesting technologies. With the Internet of Things expected to combine billions of devices, “if they are all battery-powered, we’ll have a problem because there’s not enough lithium(锂)in the world，” he added. “So a lot of them will have to use energy harvesting.”
Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.
In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person’s body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.
Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a person’s nervous system or treat their diseases.
A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person's heartbeat or other vital signs. Research firm lDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $2.6 billion by 2024, while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.
Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them，according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.
It’s also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.
62. Which “explode” in the following sentences has the most similar meaning to the word “explode” in Paragraph 2?
A. They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.
B. The continued tension could explode into more violence.
C. The population exploded to 40,000 during the last tourist season.
D. The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary.
63. What makes “energy harvesting” necessary according to the passage?
A. The waste of lithium in the world.
B. The increasing number of electronic devices.
C. The development of technology.
D. The pollution caused by batteries.
64. It can be learned from the passage that .
A. energy-harvesting products save money in the long run
B. taller people can surely produce a larger amount of power
C.automatic watches harvest energy from the users’ body heat
D.two ways of harvesting energy are mentioned in the passage
65. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Energy harvesting: a low-risk technology
B. Energy harvesting: a high-profit technology
C. Energy harvesting: a problem-free technology
D. Energy harvesting: an environment-friendly technology
D
He fascinated Victorian England with his unequalled skill at brilliant cases, based on logical reasoning and grasp of forensic(法医的)science, not to mention a mastery of disguises()and an encyclopedic knowledge of the criminal underclass.
But this detective was not Sherlock Holmes but a real life investigator, Jerome Caminada, who, new research suggests, helped inspire Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s celebrated hero.
A biography of Caminada written by Angela Buckley reveals a series of striking similarities between him and the fictional character, in terms of their unusual methods and character. It also establishes strong echoes between the real detective’s cases and plot lines used by Doyle.
The son of an Italian father and Irish mother, Caminada was based in Manchester, but was involved in cases which took him across the country, and he enjoyed a nationwide profile in the press, where accounts of his legend were widely reported.
Most of his career was spent with Manchester City Police Force although he later operated, like Holmes, as a “consulting detective”.
He became well-known in the mid 1880s, shortly before Sherlock Holmes made his first appearance in A Study in Scarlet and parallels soon emerged between the two.
As the fictional character relied on a network of underworld contacts~the Baker Street Irregulars~so Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers, whom he would often meet in the back seat of a church. •
These characters helped him build up an encyclopedic knowledge of the Criminal fratemity(兄弟会)， among whom he would often move in disguise—another method in coptnQn with Holmes.
His skill with disguises was so renowned that on one occasion, while tracking a group of thieves at the Grand National dressed as a laborer, his own chief police officer was unable to recognise him.
. However, he also posed as white collar professionals, once while bringing a bogus(假的)doctor to justice.
Over the course of his career, he was reportedly responsible for the imprisonment of 1,225 criminals. His most famous case—and perhaps the one which most closely resembles a Holmes story—was “Mystery of the Four-Wheeled Cab”.
Mrs Buckley identifies Caminada’s “Moriaty” figure as Bob Horridge, a violent, intelligent career criminal, with whom he had a 20-year fight, which began when Caminada arrested him for stealing a watch, landing him with a sentence of seven years’ penal servitude because of his previous crimes.
This harsh sentence for a relatively small crime angered Horridge so much that, as he was sent down, he swore revenge(报复)on the detective.
On his release, Horridge’s criminal enterprises grew in size and scope, but he was usually able to stay one step ahead of the authorities, often effecting dramatic escapes.
His good luck finally ended after he shot two police officers. Caminada tracked him to Liverpool where the detective, disguised once more, eventually arrested him. Horridge was convicted of attempted murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Caminada’s “Irene Adler” was Alicia Ormonde, an apparently well-educated woman with a noble background and expensive tastes, who was actually an experienced criminal wanted across the country for A^uds and thefts.
Caminada tracked her down and arrested her, but—in an echo of Holmes’ fascination with Adler~the detective apparently became attracted by her. The case took place in 1890, a year before Adler appeared in A Scandal in Bohemia.
Caminada—who published his memoirs on retiring~died in 1914, the year the last Holmes book was set.
Other individuals have previously been put forward as the basis for Holmes. However, Mrs Buckley, whose book is called The Real Sherlock Holmes, believes that Caminada was used to give Holmes a better grounding in actual casework among the criminal fraternity, inspiring his detecting styles and some of the puzzling cases he encountered.
66. From the passage we can know that Caminada .
A. died after the last Holmes book was set
B. was the only basis for Holmes
C. had a good knowledge of forensic science
D. had a whole life career as a “consulting detective”
67. Which of the following CANNOT prove that Caminada was the basis for Holmes?
A. Caminada became a national figure shortly before Holmes’ first appearance.
B. Caminada tracked an attractive and talented criminal, similar to Irene Adler.
C. Caminada was known for his extensive web of informers in the Baker Street.
D. Caminada had a Moriaty-like enemy for a long period of time.
68. Which of the following sentences could be added into the blank part?
A. His most famous case was the Manchester Cab Murder of1889.
B. As an investigator Caminada served with the police between 1868 and 1899.
C. Following his retirement, he published a second volume under his own name.
D. Other disguises included as drunken down and outs, as well as working class roles.
69.Caminada used to disguise himself in the following cases EXCEPT .
A. bringing a bogus doctor to justice
B. tracking and arresting Alicia Ormonde
C. tracking a group of thieves at the Grand National
D. arresting Horridge and sending him to life imprisonment ^
70. The most suitable title of the passage should be .
A. Detecting styles of Sherlock Holmes B. Caminada and hrs legend
C.Detectives and their disguises D. Has the real Holmes beert deduced(演泽)?：(;1分，10分)