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小升初英语动词解析

时间:2017-07-01 14:54:18 小升初 我要投稿

小升初英语动词解析

  动词

  这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:

  先用一(量词)(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用很去判断,就是把很和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)

  1、be动词( am, is, are, was, were )

  1)am-was, is -was, are--were

  口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。

  2)肯定和否定句

  I am (not) from London.

  He is(not) a teacher.

  She is(not) in the dining room.

  My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small.

  3)一般疑问句

  Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are./ No, you aren't.

  Are they American? Yes, they are. /No, they aren't.

  Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. /No, it isn't.

  4)be动词的否定形式

  am not(没有缩写形式),are not = aren't ,is not = isn't 。

  练一练:

  用恰当的be动词填空。

  1、用be动词的适当形式填空。

  1)I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.

  2)The girl______ Jacks sister.

  3)The dog _______ tall and fat.

  4)The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

  5)______ your brother in the classroom?

  6)How _______ your father?

  7)Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

  8)Whose dress ______ this?

  9)Whose socks ______ they?

  10)Who ______ ?

  11)The jeans ______ on the desk.

  12)Here ______ a scarf for you.

  13)Here ______ some sweaters for you.

  14)The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.

  15)This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.

  16)The two cups of milk _____ for me.

  17)Some tea ______ in the glass.

  18)Gao shans shirt _______ over there.

  19)My sisters name ______Nancy.

  20)______ David and Helen from England?

  21)There ______ a girl in the room.

  22)There ______ some apples on the tree.

  23)_______ there any apple juice in the bottle?

  24)There _______ some bread on the plate.

  25)You, he and I ______ from China.

  26)There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

  2、助动词( do, does, did )

  do, does用于一般现在时,其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式:do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意:在一般现在时中,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do;助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。

  1、用适当的助动词填空。

  1) ______you like this magazine?

  2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.

  3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

  4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.

  5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.

  6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.

  7) They______ not like playing volleyball.

  8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he .

  9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?

  10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.

  2、情态动词

  情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的.情态动词有:can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。注意:情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)其否定形式:can not = can't, must not = mustn't, 注意:may not和shall not(无缩写形式)

  练一练:

  选择填空。

  ( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you ______stay away from the building.

  A. must B. can C. shouldnt

  ( ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?

  A. may B. can C. should

  ( ) 3) It means you ______ make noise in the library.

  A. should B.should'n C. can

  ( ) 4) --- ______you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.

  A. May B. Could C. Would

  ( ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I cant.

  A. Can B. Can C. Should

  ( ) 6) ______ we go to the park by bus?

  A. May B. Must C. Shall

  4、行为动词

  就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+ed。

  (1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:

  A、一般直接加s,如:play - plays, visit - visits, speak - speaks ;

  B、以s,x,sh,ch结尾时,加es,如:catch - catches, watch - watches ;

  C、以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加es,如:carry - carries, study - studies 。

  (2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:

  A、一般直接加ing,如:go - going, do - doing, look - looking ;

  B、以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e 加ing,如:take - taking, make - making, have - having ;

  C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加ing,如:

  put - putting, stop - stopping, run - running, get - getting, swim - swimming, sit - sitting, begin - beginning, jog - jogging, forget - forgetting 。

  (3)过去式构成规则:

  A、一般直接加ed,如:plant - planted, visit - visited, pick - picked ;

  B、以不发音字母e结尾,直接加ed,如:like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tasted ;

  C、以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加ed,如:try - tried, carry - carried, study - studied ;

  D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母,再加ed,如:stop - stopped ;

  E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的,请记忆:

   是-am(be)-was-being; 是-are(be)-were-being; 是-be-was, were-being;成为-become-became-becoming; 开始-begin-began-beginning; 弯曲-bend-bent-bending;吹-blow-blew-blowing; 买-buy-bought-buying;

  能-can-could-;捕捉-catch-caught-catching; 选择-choose-chose-choosing; 来-come-came-coming;切-cut-cut-cutting;做-do, does-did-doing;画-draw-drew-drawing;饮-drink-drank-drinking;吃-eat-ate-eating;

  感觉-feel-felt-feeling;发现-find-found-finding;飞-fly-flew-flying;忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting;得到-get-got-getting;给-give-gave-giving;走-go-went-going;成长-grow-grew-growing;有-have, has-had-having;

  听-hear-heard-hearing;受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting;保持-keep-kept-keeping;知道-know-knew-knowing;学习learn-learned, learnt-learning;允许,让-let-let-letting;躺-lie-lay-lying;制造-make-made-making;可以-may-might----;

  意味-mean-meant-meaning;会见 -meet-met-meeting;必须-must-must----;放置-put-put-putting;读-read-read-reading;骑、乘-ride-rode-riding;响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing;跑-run-ran-running;

  说-say-said-saying;看见-see-saw-seeing;将-shall-should---;

  唱歌-sing-sang-singing;坐下-sit-sat-sitting;睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping;说-speak-spoke-speaking;度过-spend-spent-spending 。

  练一练:

  1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数。

  drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________have _________

  pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________plant _________fly ________

  study ________brush _________do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

  2、写出下列动词的现在分词。

  put __________give __________fly _________get ________dance ________sit_________ run ________

  plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________stop __________take _________

  write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

  3、写出下列动词的过去式。

  isam _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______go ________

  make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________ask ________taste _________

  eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________kick _________pass _______do ________

  4、用动词的适当形式填空。

  (1)I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we

  _______to school together. We like ________to school very much. ( go )

  (2)They usually _______lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school. ( have )

  (3)That______my English book. It _____new. But now it _____not here. It ______there a moment ago. ( be )

  (4)My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of

  songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully. ( sing )

  (5)What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually ______his homework. Look!

  He __________his homework now. ______he _______his homework last Sunday?

  Yes, he_______. ( do )

  (6)Do people usually_______ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _______moon cakes

  last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _______a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )