初二语法知识点总结

　　1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.

　　A. after B. before C. since D. for

　　析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。

　　2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

　　A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had

　　析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。

　　3. I______a letter from him since he left.

　　A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard

　　析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。

　　三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：

　　1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?　-Yes, I have.

　　A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to

　　析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。

　　2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.

　　A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been

　　析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。

　　四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：

　　1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)

　　析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.

　　2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)

　　________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.

　　析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。

　　3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.

　　A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming

　　析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。

　　(UNIT2)过去进行时

　　(注意when while as引导的时间状语从句。)

　　(UNIT3)被动语态复习"三步曲"

　　被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。

　　第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构

　　被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下: