2014年3月全国英语等级考试二级真题（阅读）
转眼2016下半年公共英语考试即将来临，不少同学也正在准备2016下半年公共英语考试，但也有不少同学表示在网上买的没有历年真题，下面yjbys网小编将公共英语考试的历年真题都进行汇总。2016年3月的PETS真题已经整理出来，今天再将2014年3月的PETS-2级真题整理好，提前助大家顺利备考、复习。
阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D.四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Text 1
Jumanji is a story for children about a very strange game--a game-that becomes far too real and frightening for the players. It was a story by Chris Van Allsburg, which was later filmed in1996, starring the famous American actor Robin Williams.
The story begins in I869 in New Hampshire, America. Two young brothers bury a box under some trees. A hundred years later, in I969, a boy, Alan Parrish, finds the box and takes it home. Ite" s unhappy that his father may want to send him to a boarding school (寄宿学校). Alan' s fiiead Sarah arrives, and they open the box. Inside is a board game. At the start of the game, smn words appear: "Do you want to leave the world behind and go back to the past? Then this is
the game for you. " Suddenly Alan finds that he is disappearing into the game.
The story has a deep meaning. Through his adventures Alan learns something important--if you confront(面对) your fears, your problems will go away. Alan tums to face Van Pelt, the hunter who is trying to kill him. In doing so, he completes the game and returns to reality. Then he finds that his father is not going to send him to boarding school after all.
In Jumanji, time is "elastic". The film director Stephen Spielberg' s "Back to the Future" films play with time in the same way. top scientists even tell us now that time travel is theoretically(理论上) possible !
56.Who acted in the film?
A. Robin Williams.
B. Stephen Spielberg.
C. Chris Van Allsburg.
D. Van Pelt.
57. From the story we learn that Alan is a boy who
A. is afraid of his father
B. dislikes his study at school
C. was born a hundred years ago
D. goes back to the past in the game
58. Through the game Alan has realized that whenever he has difficulties he should
A. face them directly
B. ask for his father' s advice
C. read the words on the box
D. escape into the past
59. What does the author mean by saying "time is 'elastic'" in the last paragraph?
A. Science can change the meaning of time.
B. Time is a common topic in filmmaking.
C. One can travel in space.
D. One can travel in time.
Text 2
Parents might say "honesty is the best policy," but when it comes to talking with their own children, mom and dad lie surprisingly often, finds a new study carried out by researchers in the University of toronto, Canada.
Almost every parent in the study admits having come up with some tales to influence a child' s actions and feelings. For example, a parent is annoyed by a child' s crying and says, "The police will come to get you if you don' t stop crying now. " In another example, an uncle has just died and the child is told that he has become a star to watch over the child.
Whether parents lie to benefit themselves or to protect the child, researchers suggest such tall tales could give children mixed messages at a time when they are trying to figure out how to deal with the social world.
Lies could also harm the parent-child relationship. It could even keep children from learning certain rules. "If I am always lying to the child in order to get the child to do X, Y, or Z, then they have never learned why they should do X, Y, or Z. " Heyman, one of the researchers, said.Heyman also said, "It is common for parents to try out various ways, including lying, to guide a child, but most parents never think about how it will influence their child. I think parents should figure it out in advance what their general beliefs are, so when it comes to the situation you're working with your beliefs rather than what comes into your head at the moment. "
60. What did the researchers find out in their recent study?
A. Most parents are strict with their children.
B. Many parents like to tell police stories.
C. Few parents believe in honesty.
D. Parents often lie to children.
61. What do the underlined words "tall tale" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. a story mixed with lies.
B. a story based on math and facts.
C. a story too long to be interesting.
D. a story beyond children' s understanding.
62. According to the research, how may children be affected by their parents' lies?
A. They may fall behind in school.
B. They may lie to their parents too.
C. They may get confused about the society.
D. They may feel they are being overprotected.
63. What' s Heyman' s suggestion for parents?
A. Teach their children about rules.
B. Guide their children on sound beliefs.
C. Influence their children in various ways.
D. Figure out children' s problems in advance.
Text 3
When tom Szaky sees a juice container thrown away, he doesn' t see rubbish; he sees a pen- cil case. Sweet wrappers (包装纸) ? A beautiful kite. But these are not the imaginings of a dream- er. For the 28-year-old CEO of Trenton, New Jersey-based TerraCycle, they're a business model. The fast-talking Szaky is leading the new industry of upcycling. Instead of recycling ( shred- ding or breaking down materials and enabling them to be reproduced as other products), TerraCycle takes packaging headed for landfills(垃圾填理) and reuses it--more or less whole. TerraCycle' s85 employees make nearly 200 products, sold at shops such as Petco, Krnart, Whole Foods Mar-ket, and Target.
Szaky's $ 7.4 million company, now also moving ahead in Mexico, Canada. the United Kingdom and Brazil is a far cry from the business he founded with classmate Jon Beyer in 2002 as a freshman at Princeton University. The two entered a business competition with a plan to sell an organic plant fertilizer(有机肥料) made from worm waste. They lost the competition but started the business anyway.
With their goal--to make products entirely out of rubbish--suddenly clear, Szaky knew the time was right to drop out of Princeton.
TerraCycle' s first product used dining-hall waste to feed the worms and thrown-away bottles to package the fertilizer. The result: a cheap, green breakthrough. Word spread, and in 2004, Home Depot began carrying the fertilizer in its Canadian stores.
to Szaky, waste does not exist in nature. Terra Cycle is a "second chance" employer of, say, a piece of furniture, an ice-cream container. As Szaky points out: "The biggest problem with most green, fair-trade, and organic products is that they tend to cost more. At Terra Cycle, everything is made from rubbish, and rubbish is free. People should be able to protect the planet without having to pay a cost for that right. "
64. Who is tom Szaky?
A. A student at Princeton University.
B. The manager of a food company.
C. An employee of Home Depot.
D. CEO of TerraCycle.
65. What do we know about the new industry of upcycling?
A. It puts waste materials directly into new use.
B. It promotes completely natural foods.
C. It buries waste materials in landfills.
D. It makes organic plant fertilizer.
66.How did Szaky get the idea of upcycling?
A. From his visits to foreign companies.
B. From his studies at Princeton University.
C. Through shopping at big stores in America.
D. Through the experience of a business competition.
67. What is the advantage of upcycling according to Szaky?
A. The cost is kept low.
B. The product is free.
C. The product has a longer life.
D. More materials are available.
Text 4
A pure virus(病毒) could be kept in a bottle, just like hundreds of other chemicals. Yet, when a virus is placed on a living thing, it comes to life. As long as it is on a living material, it grows.
A difficult question still remains--what is a virus? Is it living or chemical? Men of science had always thought life and not-life to be as different as black and white. With the discovery of the vi- res, they became aware of a grey area that was neither black nor white.Until the 1930' s, it was accepted that there was also a great difference in size between the lar- gest chemical molecules (分子) and the smallest living things. As new and much finer filters( 过滤 ) were invented, men were able to measure viruses. The first virus to be measured was found to be about 100 millimicrons(毫微米) across.
The largest known chemical molecule measures only 22 millimicrons. The smallest living thing measures almost seven times that size or 150 millimicrons. When viruses were measured, they were found to range in size from 16 millimicrons to 300 millimicrons. Most were found to be larger than the largest chemical molecules and smaller than the smallest living things.
The answer to the puzzle what is a virus?--must be that it is both living and not living. In a living cell, it is a live thing. In a bottle, it is nothing more than a chemical. We now realize that the virus is actually a link between life and not-life.
68. What is this text mainly about?
A. How viruses should be understood.
B. The effect viruses have on living things.
C. How filters are used in studying viruses.
D. The researches scientists do with viruses.
69. What makes a virus come to life?
A.A large chemical molecule.
B. A dead chemical.
C. An active virus.
D. A living cell.
70. What do the underlined words "a grey area" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The discovery of unknown chemicals.
B. Viruses in a state of living and not living.
C. A difficult question unsolved about viruses.
D. The colour of viruses between black and white.
71. Which of the following is the smallest in size?
A. Viruses.
B. New filters.
C. Living cells.
D. Chemical molecules.
Text 5
Good Value Britain
TRAVELING IN SCOTLAND
Scotland Travelpass gives you the freedom to use trains, buses and boats in Scotland as much as you like for a fixed period of time, at any time. The pass comes in a helpful pack, with timetables and maps along with discount cards, and is available for either four days ( 89) or eight days(119).
For more details, visit www. scotral, co. uk or, in the UK, tel: 08457 550033
POUNDS OFF LONDON The capital offers a host of sights, experiences and wonderful memories and one of the best money-saving plans is the London Pass. This allows you free entry for more than 60 attractions. When you buy the card you receive a 132.page colour guidebook and information on the latest built- in discounts on restaurants and tours. You can also have fast track entry at some of the busiest at- tractions, to jump those lines. Passes are available for one to six days or you can include a travel pass for public transport within zone 1-6 for 82. Order your pass on the credit card line, tel(UK) 0870 242 9988, or buy online at www. londonpass, com.
The London for Less discount card comes in a pack with guidebook and a handy fold-out street map. For 12.95 London for Less gives you discounts, from 20-50%, at more than 300 different London attractions, including shows, concerts and restaurants. ,You can also get discounts on eve- rything from clothes to money exchange. You can buy your London for Less card from some major bookshops in the capital.
BRITAIN'S HERITAGE FOR FREE
The Great British Heritage (GBH) Pass gets you into 600 of Britain' s finest historic houses, castles and gardens and is available for four, seven, 15 days or a month. This year even more at- tractions are open to GBH cardholders. Visit www. Visit britain, com or go to the Britain Visitor Centre for more information.
72. With Scotland Travel pass, you can
A. use Internet service
B. buy discounted maps
C. have free use of public transport
D. enjoy free entry to many museums
73. One use of the London Pass is to
A. save you from waiting at some tourist sights
B. offer you free bus rides throughout London
C. enable you to shop online with discounts
D. guide you to London' s best restaurants
74. Which is most useful if you plan to go to shows in London?
A. The GBH Pass.
B. London for Less.
C. The London Pass.
D. Scotland Travelpass.
75. What service can a GBH card offer for a fixed period time?
A. 50% discount for public transport.
B. Cheap prices for hotels in central London.
C. A 15-day pass to any attractions in Britain.
D. Free entry to many British historical places.
参考答案：
阅读理解 参考译文
Text l
“尤曼吉”(又称“勇敢者的游戏”)是一个供儿童阅读的故事，它描述的是一个神奇的游戏——真实性很强，甚至对玩家来说有点吓人的游戏。故事是由克里斯·范·奥尔斯伯格撰写，l996年时还被改编成电影，并由著名美国影星罗宾·威廉姆斯出演。
故事开始于1869年美国的新罕布什尔州，一对小兄弟在树下埋了一个盒子。一百年以后，也就是1969年，一个叫艾伦.巾自里什的小男孩找到了这个盒子并把它带回了家。当时，他正在因为爸爸要把他送到寄宿学校而不开心。艾伦的朋友萨拉来了，之后，他们就一起打开了这个盒子，发现里面有一个棋盘游戏。当游戏开始的时候，出现了几行字：“你想离开这个世界回到过去吗?这就是专属于你的游戏。”突然，艾伦发现自己消失在游戏里。
这个故事有更深层的意义。通过这次冒险旅程，艾伦学到了一些重要的道理——如果你可以面对自己的恐惧，那么问题就会解决。因此，艾伦选择勇敢面对一个试图杀害他的猎手范·佩尔特。最后，艾伦完成了游戏，回到了现实中。后来，他发现爸爸根本就没有打算把他送去寄宿学校。
在“尤曼吉”这个故事中，时间是有弹性的。导演史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格的电影“回到未来”中以同样的方式处理了时间。顶尖的科学家甚至告诉我们时间旅行在理论上是行得通的1
56.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“谁在这个电影中出演?”。第一段最后一句“…starring the famous American actor Robin Williams.”，故A为正确答案。
57.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“从故事我们得知，艾伦是一个的男孩?”。文章第二段最后一句于人提到“…he is dis—appearing into the game”可知，游戏开始后，艾伦消失在游戏里并回到了过去。故D正确。
58.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“艾伦从游戏中意识到不管何时遇到困难，他应该。”。从文章的第三段中第二句“…if you
confront your fears，your problems will go away.”可以得知，解决问题的最好办法就是勇敢面对它。故A为正确答案。
59.D【精析】推理题。题干意为“作者说time is‘elastic’是什么意思?”。根据上下文的意思，在游戏里可以穿越到过去，最后一句也说到科学家说时间旅行其实理论上是可行的。故D为正确答案。
Text2
父母可能会说“诚实是最好的品质”，但是一旦跟自己孩子交谈时。父母就会惊人地经常撒谎。这是加拿大多伦多大学的研究者们最近一项研究的结果。
在此项研究中，几乎每个父母都承认自己为了影响孩子的言行举止，曾编过某些故事。比如，当孩子总是哭，家长感觉很烦的时候，就会说，“你再哭，警察马上就来捕逮你了。”再比如，一个孩子的叔叔去世了，父母会告诉孩子，叔叔变成了一颗星星在天上守护着他。
研究者表示，不管父母撒谎的初哀是为了有利于自己还是保护孩子，这样含着谎言的故事会在孩子试图了解这个世界的时候，给他们传递出一些混杂的信息。
不仅如此，谎言也可能伤害亲子关系，甚至不利于孩子学习一些准则。一位名为赫曼的研究者说：“如果我总是用欺骗的方法让孩子去做一些事情，这样的.话，他们就永远不知道他们为什么要这么做。”
赫曼也提到，对于父母来说，为了引导孩子，可以采取很多种方法，包括说谎。但是大多数父母从未想过谎言会对孩子产生什么样的影响。我觉得父母应该提前想清楚自己普遍信奉的原则，因此.一旦遇到类似的情况，你就会用你信奉的原则而不是一时冲动去处理问题。
60.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“在最近的一项研究中有哪些发现?”。从文章第一段中“…but when it comes to talking with their own children，mom and dad lie surprisingly often…”可知：但是一旦跟自己孩子交谈时，父母就会惊人地经常撒谎。故D为正确答案。
61.A【精析】语义题。题干意为“第三段中画线的tall tale是什么意思?”。从文章第三段“…tall tales could give children mixed mes—sages…”，可知tall tale指的就是含有混杂着谎言的故事，故A为正确答案。
62.C【精析】推理题。题干意为“根据研究调查，父母的谎言会对孩子造成什么样的影响?”。文章第三段“…give children mixed messa—gesat a time when they are trying to figure out how to deal with thesocial world.”，由此可推理出，父母的谎言会影响孩子们对于社会的理解，故C为正确答案。
63.B【精析】推理题。题于意为“赫曼对于父母的建议是什么?”。从文章最后一段来看，赫曼认为父母应该提前想清楚自己普遍信奉的原则，因此，一旦遇到类似的情况，你就会用你信奉的原则而不是一时冲动去处理问题。故B为正确答案。
Text 3
在汤姆·萨奇的眼中，一个扔掉的果汁盒不是垃圾，而是一个铅笔盒，漂亮的包装纸，美丽的风筝。但是这些并非是梦想家的想象。对于位于新泽西的特林顿公司28岁的CE0来说，这些都是商业模型。
萨奇语速很快，他引领了升级改造新产业潮流。特林顿公司并不从事回收产业，即将物质粉碎或者打破之后重新制成别的产品，它是把即将被当做垃圾填埋的包装进行重新利用，可能是整个或者是部分的利用。公司85个雇员制作近两百种产品，在美国宠物用品连锁超市、凯马特、全食超市、塔吉特等地出售。
萨奇拥有的这个价值740万美金的公司现在正在开拓墨西哥、加拿
大、英‘国和巴西的市场。比起萨奇在2002年刚上普林斯顿大学时和同班同学乔恩·拜尔一起建立的那个小生意相较，确实今非昔比。那时，两人参加了一个商业比赛，计划是卖从虫子排泄物中制作出的有机肥料，尽管比赛失利，但是此项生意却由此开始了。
他们的目标——从垃圾中制作产品——变得清晰了，于是，萨奇觉得是时候从普林斯顿大学辍学了。
特林顿公司的第一件产品是使用餐厅泔水去喂养虫子，用废弃的瓶子包装肥料，这是成本低廉并且环保的突破。通过人们的口口相传，在2004年.美国家得宝公司开始把特林顿公司的肥料引入了其加拿大的店铺。
对于萨奇来说，废品并不是自然存在的物品。特林顿公司是给了某件家具或是某个冰淇淋盒子第二次利用的机会。正如萨奇所言，“最大的问题是.大多数绿色有机产品成本都比较高。在特林顿公司，每个产品都是由垃圾制成的，而这些都是免费的。人们应该不需要为保护我们的星球付出任何成本。”
64.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“汤姆·萨奇是谁?”。由文章第一段最后一句“…the 28-year—old CEO of Trenton…”，可知，萨奇是该公司的首席执行官。故D为正确答案。
65.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“我们可以了解关于升级改造新产业的什么?”。依据文章第二段第二句所陈述的“Instead of recy—cling.Terra Cycle takes packaging heatled for l am fills and reuses it…”，可知，特林顿公司并不从事回收产业，它是把即将被当作垃圾填埋的包装进行重新利用，可能是整个或者是部分的利用。故A为正确答案。
66.D【精析】推理题。题干意为“萨奇是如何有了从事升级改造产业的灵感?”。根据文章第三段的内容“…but started the business an—way.”可知，萨奇在大学的时候因为参加一个比赛尝试过这种活动，之后就开始从事这方面的商业活动。故D为正确答案。
67.A【精析】推理题。题干意为“萨奇认为升级改造产业的优势是什么?”。根据文章最后一段第三、四句“…the biggest problem…is that them tend to cost more…and rubbish is free.”可知，产业最大的优势就是原料是免费的，因此成本相对低廉。故A为正确答案。
Text4
单纯的一个病毒可以像其他很多种化学物质一样被保存在瓶子里。但是，一旦病毒附着在一个生命体上，它也就有了生命。只要被附着的物体活着，它就能生长。
但是.仍然有一个难题——病毒是什么?它是生命体或是化学物质?人类科学总是把有生命和无生命的物体视作是截然相反的两者。随着病毒的发现，他们开始意识到在之前的两者之间还有一个中间的领域，它并不属于任何一方。
直到二十世纪30年代，人们才普遍认识到，最大的化学分子和最小的生物体之间也是有巨大的大小差异的。当发明了新型的更加精细的过滤器之后，人们开始能够测量病毒的大小。第一个被测量出的病毒直径大概是l00毫微米。
已知的最大的化学分子直径仅仅是22毫微米，而最小的生物体的尺寸是这个数字的7倍，即将近]50毫微米。病毒的测量数据显示，它们的尺寸范围在16到300毫微米之间变化。大多数病毒尺寸介于最大的化学分子和最小的生物体之间。
回到那个问题——病毒是什么?——病毒是有生命的，又是无生命的。在一个有生命的细胞中，病毒就是有生命的;在一个空瓶子里，病毒就跟一个化学物质没什么两样。现在，我们意识到，其实病毒就是生命和非生命的纽带。
68.A【精析】主旨题。题干意为“文章的大意是什么?”。从文章第二段提出的问题“病毒是什么?”，一直到最后对于这个问题的回答，这篇文章主要是说病毒的概念，或者是我们应该如何去解读病毒的概念。故A为正确答案。
69.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“是什么让一个病毒有了生命?”。由文章第一段第二句“Yet，when a virus is placed on a living thing itcoiTles to life.”可知病毒附着一个生命体上，病毒就是有生命的，一个有生命的细胞是一个生命体。故D为正确答案。
70.B【精析】推理题。题干意为“第二段中划线词组a grey area指的是什么?”。由文章第二段可知，科学家们总是把有生命和无生命的物体视作是截然相反的两者。随着病毒的发现，他们开始意识到在之前的两者之间还有一个中间的领域，它并不属于任何一方。所以这里的a grey area(灰色领域)指的是病毒处于一种生命体与非生命体的中问地带。故B为正确答案。
71.D【精析】推理题。题于意为“以下几个选项中，哪个是尺寸最小的?”。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“…larger than the largestchemical molecules and smaller than the smallest living things.”可知，通过三者的比较，应该是chemical molecules最小。故D为正确答案。
Text 5
超值不列颠之旅
畅游苏格兰拥有一张苏格兰旅游通卡可以随时免费乘坐固定时段的火车、公交和渡船。随卡附赠便携包、时刻表、地图和打折卡。该卡分四天(售价89英镑)和8天(售价ll9英镑)两种类别。详情请访问www.scotral.co.uk，或者可以电询英国国内电话：08457 550033
伦敦游精明计
作为英国首都，伦敦拥有众多旅游景点，给你不同体验和美好回忆。绝佳的省钱妙招就是伦敦通卡。有了它，你不仅可以免费游览六十多个景点，而且，随卡附赠的还有132页的彩印导游手册以及最新的参观和旅游打折信息。持有此卡，你可以享受热门景点的快捷通道，而免受排队等侯之苦。l天卡至6天卡均有销售。您也可以同时购买一张1至6区的交通卡，仅需82英镑。您可以通过热线订购，电话：0870 242 9988，您也可以通过网站www.10ndonpass.corn购买。
伦敦打折卡会配备一本导游手册和一张便携展开式街道地图。价值12.95英镑的打折卡会让您享受20%到50%的折扣，在伦敦超过300个不同景区通用，包括演出、音乐会和餐馆，同样适用于购物和兑换外汇等其他方面。伦敦定点大型书店均有伦敦打折卡的销售。
免费伦敦历史游大不列颠古迹卡可以带您游览英国境内600个绝关的历史建筑、城堡和花园。此卡期限分四天、七天、十五天及一个月。今年还会有更多的景点对持卡者开放。欲了解详情，请登录www.visitbritain.com或者前往英国旅客中心咨询。
72.C【精析】细节题。题干意为“拥有苏格兰旅游通卡，你可以。”由文章第一段第一句“…gives you the freedom touse trains，buses and boats in Scotland…”可知，拥有此卡可以免费乘坐公共交通工具。故C为正确答案。
73.A【精析】细节题。题干意为“伦敦通卡的用处之一是。”。由第三段第四句中“You can also have fast track entry at some ofthe busiest attractions，to jump those lines.”可知，持有此卡，你可以享受热门景点的快捷通道，而免受排队等候之苦。故A为正确答案。
74.B【精析】细节题。题干意为“如果你计划去伦敦看演出，以下哪种卡是最有用的?”。从文章第四段第二句“For￡12.95 LondonforLess…London attractions，including shows，concerts…”可知，持有Londonfor Less可以去观看演出。故B为正确答案。
75.D【精析】细节题。题干意为“GBH卡可以在固定的时间里享有何种服务?”。从文章最后一段第一、二句“…gets you into 600 0fBritain’s finest historic houses，castles and gardens…are open to GBH cardholders.”可知，拥有大不列颠古迹卡可以游英国境内六百个绝美的历史建筑、城堡和花园。故D为正确答案。
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