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考研英语阅读题型有哪些解题思路

时间:2021-12-05 15:00:25 考研备考 我要投稿

考研英语阅读题型有哪些解题思路

  考研英语阅读理解部分占比40%,是重头戏,这部分要拿分,考生必须要熟悉各类题型解题技巧,多练多总结。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语阅读题型解题技巧,欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语阅读题型有哪些解题思路

  考研英语阅读题型解题方法

  一. 细节题

  1、题干上有五个W一个H提问。

  2、题干中明确会提到的时间、地点、人物或者事物等细节信息。

  3、有可能针对文章中的一句话或者几句话发问。

  4、题干和选项有可能考察一种因果关系。

  5、解题关键:返回原文,准确定位。

  做题依据一定要紧扣文章本身,要注意返回原文找答案:

  1、可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文。

  2、根据出题的顺序返回原文。

  3、根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词或同义词返回原文。

  4、通过长难句返回原文。

  二. 句子理解题

  1、标志:题干中明确指出是原文中的某句话,重要的不是上下文,而是句子本身。

  2、步骤:

  (1)重点是返回原文,对该句子进行语法、句法、词法的精准解析。正确(不能推)理解句子的深刻含义。

  (2)若该句话的含义不能确定,则适当依据上下文进行判断。局部含义有整体含义决定。

  (3)一般来说,选项中的正确答案与原句是同义关系,只不过用其他短语表达。

  3、错误选项特征:推的过远,做题时注意把握理解度。

  4、正确选项不包含过于绝对化的词语。

  三. 主旨大意题

  1、标志:best title, main idea, main problem,conclusion,mainly disguss, mainly deal with或者问作者的写作目的purpose, the author intends to do sth, a digest of,利用宏观阅读技巧作主旨题,不管是出现在什么位置,都把他作为最后一题来做。

  2、方法:

  (1)段落少,用串线法。

  (2)快速作文法:两个选项难以分辨的时候,用这两个选项做作文,快速给出提纲。

  3、选项不能选择局部信息,也不能选范围过宽的信息。

  四. 态度题

  1、标志:题干中出现attitude ,believe ,consider, deam, regard,deem

  2、作者态度可以分为三大类:

  (1)正态度:支持,乐观,赞同

  (2)客观、中立、公正

  (3)反对、批评、怀疑

  3、等价选项都不选

  4、有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项):indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)

  5、识别作者态度:

  方法一:可以根据作者论述的主线及举例的方式进行判断。

  方法二:当作者态度没有明确提出时,找文章中有褒贬含义、含有感情色彩的词。

  6、特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。做题时不要把自己的态度纳入其中,而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

  五. 态度题新趋势

  1、现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度,也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度,做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

  2、选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词,而是改为带有程度限制的词语,带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的:guarded(慎重的),qualified(有条件的),tempered(缓和的),因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观,一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的词的选项必然是错误的,如:strongly,compeletly,entirely。

  六. 推理题

  1、标志:往往出现infer,imply,learn

  2、解题关键:

  (1)绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。

  (2)做题时看是否可以通过题干返回原文,或者依据选项返回原文,一般围绕文章中的一两个重点句进行思考,特别注意文章中含义深刻或者结构复杂的句子。因为对作者所表达的意思不能一下子理解的长难句是命题所在。

  尤其注意:做题时不能想的太多,推的太远,是否能把原文看懂才是关键。

  七. 例证题

  1、标志:example, exemplify,illustration,demonstration

  2、解题关键:不在于是否看懂了例子,而在于是否找到了例子所支持的观点。

  3、步骤:

  (1)返回原文,找出该例子支持的观点。80%向上,20%向下。

  (2)在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个。

  注意:有时候例证题所支持的观点需要归纳总结。

  4、错误答案的论述方式:混淆论点与论据;列举无关常识。

  八. 判断题

  1、标志:which of the following statement is not ture? All of the following is ture except...

  2、 思路:

  (1)首先判断是三对一错还是三错一对,所谓对是符合原文或者符合作者态度的。所谓错是指原文有矛盾或者原文未提及的概念,或者与作者态度相反的内容。

  (2)每个选项力争返回原文,与原文信息进行一一比较排除。

  (3)注意这种题目的选项,有时候会集中于某段的信息或者各具一些共同特征,所以做题时可以先对比一下四个选项,找出其中可能存在的共同点,再回到原文定位。

  九. 词汇题

  1、标志:在题目中明确指出某处的单词或者词组,要求辨别其意思。

  2、关键:该单词并不重要,重要的是上下文。

  3、如果该单词认识,并且不超纲,那么他的字面意思绝对不是正确答案。其正确答案是根据上下文推出的更深层的含义,该含义也许与原单词表面意思没有关系。

  4、方法借助上下文理解,在上下文中寻找同性词或词组,利用上下文中逻辑关系将四个选项代入替换,看语义是否通顺。

  十. 指代题

  1、标志:在题干中明确指出某个代词要求辨别it,that,one,they。

  2、步骤:

  (1)返回原文,定位代词,并且准确理解分析该句话。

  (2)向上搜索离其最近的名词、短语、句子。

  (3)将找到的词,短语,句子带入替换,看是否通顺。

  (4)在四个选项中,找与找到的词最接近的选项。

  考研英语阅读复习的关键

  首先了解阅读的命题趋势,综合分析近5年的 考研真题,我们发现,阅读理解有以下一些趋势,题材主要集中在,经济、文化、环保等重大热点方向。很多文章都摘自报刊评论。四篇文章中总有一篇比较难的/,那我们该如何复习那?

  首先,选择合适的阅读理解复习参考书非常重要,结合众多考研者的成功经验、各个辅导班推荐以及我们的分析,以下参考书组合都是比较理想的/1 《历年真题》把近10多年年的真题搞透,逐篇的分析,逐篇的翻译,一天一篇。许多考生没有认真研究真题,结果上了考场完全傻了,因此,真题是必备的,值的注意的是真题不是试卷本身,而是有答案的详细讲解和完全翻译的书,如新东方编的还是不错的,复习时,第一遍按照常规的方法做一遍,完了之后,在结合正确答案仔细分析每道题的出题的思路和正确答案的理由,。

  其次,各个英语辅导名师编著的英语阅读理解,真题的出题思路反映考试大纲的要求,但毕竟材料的时效性存在不足,还应该补充更多阅读一些这方面的材料,如,新东方的阅读等。另外,真题我们着重的是研习,而这些材料着重的则是练习,需知阅读理解水平必须要经过大量的练习才提高。以上所选资料可供大家参考3/英语报刊杂志,近几年的考研阅读出题趋势偏向报刊文章,所以,整个英语复习期间,最好能每天抽点时间阅读一篇报刊文章就好了,而且前面我讲过,读这类材料有助于提高语感。需要注意的是读第一遍的时候最好不要看翻译否则对阅读水平的提高不大,整篇看完后,在看翻译,检验一下自己的阅读,这些资料可以作为补充。

  怎样才能学好?

  1、掌握基本阅读方法是基础。很多人在阅读中往往只用一种阅读方法,这样对于平时阅读还可以,但对于考研对阅读的高要求来说,显然是不够的。因此,在阅读理解复习的前期,应该把阅读分成这么几个部分。略读、泛读、精读、扫读这么几个部分

  2、真题分析是核心

  3、长难句分析是主要工作。

  看过真题的考生都有这样的感觉。阅读中的长难句太多,这使短文变的很难,的确如此,考研与四、六级不同,考研更多的是考能力,而四、六级更多的是考水平和速度。事实上,考研阅读每篇大概用10—20分钟来做,而四、六级最多能用8—10分钟就的做完。长难句不过关,对考研阅读水平就没有实质性的提高在一点就是花点时间去看看语法,两者结合。会事半功倍的,值得强调的是语法较差的考生一定要做这项工作。

  4、树立主动的阅读意识是关键。这是一种意识,软性条件,就看谁的意志力强,能坚持每天的计划,久而久之,主动的阅读意识就能加强,考试也就没什么可担心的'。

  考研英语写作破解图表作文指南

  ▶一、出题形式

  例1题目:Changes in People's Diet

  Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:

  1.state the changes in people's diet(饮食)in the past five years;

  2.give possible reasons for the changes;

  3.draw your own conclusions.

  You should quote as few figures as possible.

  例2题目:Car Accidents Declining in Walton City

  Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;

  1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;

  2.Possible reason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;

  3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.

  Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.

  例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions(given in Chinese):

  1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况

  2. 说明引起变化的各种原因

  从以上例子可见,图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:

  1)用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势;

  2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

  ▶二、写作要领

  图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法。因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

  ▶三、写作步骤

  写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:

  1) 认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;

  2) 确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;

  3) 编列文章的提纲;

  4) 根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;

  5) 检查与修改。

  ▶四、篇章结构

  写图表作文时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为:

  第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想

  第二段:分析产生的原因

  第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议

  ▶五、作文模版(一)

  问题解决型

  As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table),it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):______.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. Each of us should attach high emphasis on solving it.

  As a matter of fact, the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound. Naturally and necessarily, there are two major ways coping with this problem. The first way to tackle it is to appeal to authorities to take measures. Once achieving the success of solving the problem, the whole society also thrives/makes progress. Solving the problem can accelerate better individuals'development. The other way that is worth adopting is to work out new laws. Where there are better laws, there are more hopes, vitality and development. These advisable laws eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony. Finally, I can safely come to the conclusion that it is high time we enhanced the awareness of people that is every vital to us. Only by these means can we succeed in solving the problem in the near future.(1 Therefore, measures should be taken to terminate the ridiculous affair. First and foremost, governments should establish some regulations to prohibit enterprises and people from making such misdeeds. What's more, people should get ready to pass criticism upon such misdeeds anytime and anywhere. After all, it is necessary to develop our society by performing hard work instead of talking nonsense.

  In my opinion, it is imperative that we should take some drastic actions. On the one hand, we should appeal to our authorities to enact concrete laws to control commercial fishing. On the other hand, we should enhance people's awareness that ocean resources are vital to us and the ecological balance will be guaranteed with the strategy of sustainable development. Only by doing so can we effectively protect our natural resources. Also I am convinced that we humans can overcome this difficulty and we will have a bright future.)

  To conclude, we should not yield to mediocrity regardless of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. So the prospect we are looking forward to will be bright and encouraging.

  ▶作文模版(二)

  正面现象歌颂型1

  As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table), it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):It has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. First of all,is crucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not only accelerate better individuals'development, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admired and respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidence to overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess a special charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winning others'favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development with the good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the social productivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and gradually enriching human material and spiritual wealth, eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.In short, where there is betterthere are more hopes, vitality and development. When we are benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost to maintain its vitality to ensure ourselves a brighter future.

  正面现象歌颂型2

  As is vividly in the picture(s),it is a contemporary social issue in China of common interests and permanent value. The picture(s)does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon nowadays.When weighing in the mind,we find an apparent tendency underlying this sight:,Simple as it is,what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking.With the development of economy and society, competition is becoming increasingly fierce.It is impossible for anyone to finish a task without .Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on .In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of s the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. Numerous examples can be given, but this will suffice. A case in point is the successful host of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and the deadly earthquake in Si Chuan province.These cases effectively clarify that really counts in this competition society.

  Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of in our society. We should bear in mind that is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Everyone should have the ability of. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.

  反面现象批评型

  How enlightening and compelling the above drawing is!It is so funny that whoever sees it cannot help thinking:.(这句自己加完整,从宏观上描述一下图画就可以,笼统的,大体的)while.(这句从微观上具体说明一下图画要描述的矛盾点,必须找到矛盾点,用到while这个单词)Simple as it looks,its intended meaning goes far deeper what on earth does the drawer really aim to convey.第二段:What the image above vividly mirrors goes far more than a simple image,instead,it carries a thought provoking social phenomenon:.(本文的主旨)There are upsetting(如文章不是讽刺性的,就把upsetting删除)parallels today in our contemporary community. For example,.(举2个例子,如果字数够就举1个)第三段:Much can be done. To begin with the schools and the mass media should develop,guide and cultivate noble and worthy values and qualities among people,doing their utmost to awaken people of the growing threat of this worsening situation.(of this worsening situation自己可以换成主旨的词,如果不换,这样也可以。如文章不是讽刺性的,就把worsening删除)What is more,the authorities concerned should play a dominant role in taking nationwide actions to curb(如文章不是讽刺性的,就把curb换成promote)such practices.In conclusion,all the society should make actively more sustained and concerted efforts.Although we still have a long way to go,a promising start has begun,and a happy,healthy and harmonious society may be not be far behind.


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