2018年的专八英语阅读

　　2018年的专八备考已经开始，下面，小编为大家整理了一些2018年的专八英语阅读，共各位考生备考所用。

2018年的专八英语阅读

　　2018年的专八英语阅读一

　　Exploration of the Titanic

　　After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to cone alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.

　　Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officer’s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.

　　The two-minute videotape and nine photographs, all in color and shot 12,500ft.under the North Atlantic, were a tiny sample of 60 hours of video and 60,000 stills garnered during the twelve-day exploration. They are released at a Washington press conference conducted by Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution that found the Titanic last September and revisited it this July.

　　Recounting the highlights of what has already become the most celebrated feat of underwater exploration, Ballard revealed some startling new information. His deep-diving craft failed to find the 300-ft. gash that, according to legend, was torn in the Titanic’s hull when the ship plowed into the iceberg. Instead, he suggested, the collision had buckled the ship’s plates, allowing water to pour in. He also brought back evidence that the ship broke apart not when she hit bottom, as he had thought when viewing the first Titanic images last September, but as she sank: the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on its way down.

　　1. What is the best title for this passage?

　　[A] New Information about the Sunken Ship.

　　[B] Exploration of the Titanic.

　　[C] To watch the Videotape.

　　[D] To explore the Titanic with High Tech.

　　2. How did the viewers feel when watching the videotape?

　　[A] They felt rather sad, and felt they themselves took part in the exploration.

　　[B] They felt keenly for it.

　　[C] They felt rather bad about it.

　　[D] They felt out of spirits.

　　3. When did the great ship sink?

　　[A] In 1912.

　　[B] She sank in its maiden voyage in 1912.

　　[C] She sank in its second voyage in 1912.

　　[D] She sank in its first voyage in 1912.

　　4. What did Robert reveal at a press conference?

　　[A] He revealed some startling information.

　　[B] He said nothing.

　　[C] He complained the exploration was very hard.

　　[D] He revealed the success of their work.

　　答案详解：

　　1.D. 用高技术探测泰坦尼克号。第一段最后一句“当世界上千百万人观看这艘沉没巨轮的录像带说，他们都会觉察到她的巨大的船体，她周围可怕的沉寂和岁月流失那种凄惨的景象。”这里已说明是探测的录像片。第三段“这两分钟彩色录像带和九张照片是在被大西洋12500英尺深处拍摄的，它们只是十二天探测期间拍摄的`60小时录像带和60000静物照中的一小部分。这些录像带和照片是44对的海洋地质学家罗伯特巴拉德领导的伍德霍尔海洋研究所科学探险队，于去年九月发现了泰坦尼克号并于今年七月重访了它。”第二段中点明用“深水工作船和机器人小贾森……”高科技。

　　A. 有关沉船的新消息。这只是罗伯特在记者招待会上宣布的一条消息。作为标题不合适。 B. 探测泰坦尼克号，接近标题，但没有D确切。 C. 看录像带。

　　2.A. 他们黯然神伤，有身临其境在探测之感。见第1题中第一段最后一句注译和难句译注2。

　　B. 他们很同情这艘船; C. 他们感到不愉快。 D. 他们感到很消沉。这三段文内都没有提到。

　　3.B. 她于1912年首航中沉没。见难句译注1。

　　A. 1913。 C. 1912。第二次航行。 D. 1913年首航。这三项都不对。

　　4.A. 他宣布一个惊人的消息。见最后一段第二句起：“他的探潜工作船没找到泰坦尼克号船上那三百英尺长裂缝，据说这裂缝是巨轮撞冰山时在船体上留下的。相反，巴拉德认为与冰山相撞造成船体弯曲变形，使海水大量涌入船内”后面译文见难句译注4。

　　B. 他没有说什么。C. 他抱怨探测工作非常艰难。D. 他宣布探测成功。这三项文内没有涉及。

　　2018年的专八英语阅读二

　　Equality of Opportunity

　　These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.

　　It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.

　　Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.

　　In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.

　　1. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.

　　[B] Equality means money.

　　[C] There is no such society as classless society.

　　[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.

　　2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because

　　[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.

　　[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.

　　[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.

　　[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.

　　3. Who can obtain more rapid success

　　[A] those with wealth.

　　[B] Those with the best brains.

　　[C] Those with the best opportunities.

　　[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.

　　4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because

　　[A] money decides everything.

　　[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.

　　[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.

　　[D] Wealth is used for political ends.

　　5. According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to

　　[A] the rich and the poor.

　　[B] Different opportunities for people.

　　[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.

　　[D] Genius and stupidity.

　　答案详解：

　　1. A 二十世纪平等的机遇并没有摧毁阶级。文章一开始就对无阶级社会的论点进行了反驳：有人认为君主整体已完全摧毁，幸存下来的王公贵族已经被剥夺了一切政治权力，继承的财产为税收大幅度的削减，到时候，巨大的财富将消失殆尽，在许多国家中，已全面胜利，人民进行统治，伟大的太平盛世已成为政治显示。作者认为：深入检查证实这一断言不实。第二段提出了即使人人都获同样的受教育的机会，可人的天然智慧和能力与平等原则无关，适者生存，强权即公理依然存在。教育的普及摧毁了老的阶级体制，却创造新的，报酬是机遇才干成就。贵族统治就是英才统治，可在其他方面，社会依然，阶级确实存在。后面两段集中论述了金钱的作用。

　　B.金钱意味着平等是错误的。C.不存在无阶级社会。内容是对的，但不是本文的主题思想。D.自然界不会赋予你一个无阶级社会。

　　2. B 自然界在分赋人智慧和能力是不会顾及平等。

　　A.适者生存的原则存在。根据这一原则无智慧和能力者难以生存于社会。C.物质报偿是根据人的真正能力。D.人们有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。这三项都基于一点――人的智慧和能力。有智慧能力才能生存，才能获报偿，这已经是不平等，即使获同样的受教育的机会，也不可能铲除不平等。

　　3. A 有钱的人。第三段一开始就点明：真正的能力、动物般机敏狡猾、技能、善抓机会的诀窍，这一切都带来物质报偿。有了钱的人首要作的事情就是给孩子最佳教育机会，而私人学校教育优于公立学校，人们又有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。在这个意义上，英才教育在某种程度上是永存的。一个来自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其对立面获得成功要快得多得多。

　　B.具有很高智慧的.人，若没有钱是难以成功的。第三段的最后一句话也点明这一点，金钱同从前一样是强有力的武器。文章最后一段即使在完全遵循社会平等原则的社会里，禁止特权的私人教育，人们也是按能力获报酬。小心翼翼而又耗费巨大地把聪明的孩子培养成未来的统治者。C.具有最佳机遇的人。D.是B和C的结合。

　　4. A金钱决定一切。新的英才教育在一定程度上永存。没有钱，上不起私立学校，谈不上机会，更不用说英才教育。有了钱才能为孩子创造机会。

　　B.私立学校提供的优越性高于公立学校。C.人们有自由选择教育孩子的方式方法。D.财富用于政治目的。第三段最后三句话：“财富也可以不加区别地用于更远的政治目的。没有强大的财政作后盾，成为民主国家的元首几乎是不可能。金钱和过去一样是强有力的武器，这也说明了金钱的力量，决定一切。”

　　5. A 富人和穷人。纵然作者提及，同样的教育机会也不可能铲除不平等，因为上天赋予人之智慧是不可能考虑平等原则，可是作者也提到适者生存、强权即公理。贵族政治可读成英才教育。这已说明英才指的是贵族的英才。第四段进一步指出有钱的人首先要做的就是给子女一个良好的教育机会。而私立学校的教育质量优于公立学校。有钱人家的有能力的孩子成功机遇就高。财产还可用于政治目的，要成为民主国家的领袖就得有雄厚的财力支持。钱财和过去一样强有力。即使在以社会平等为原则的社会中，私立学校被禁，酬劳还是以人的能力为准，大量需要有技能的工作人员，而差劲的人没有人关注。天才的孩子予以仔细而又及其昂贵的培养以成为未来的统治者。

　　总之，政治意识归结为同一个东西――阶级划分存在，不论你是为封建帝王统治，还是为受过教育的农民统治，从这里看，作者的class division指的是A项。

　　B.人们不同的机遇。C.压迫者和被压迫者。D.天才和笨蛋。

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