2017职称英语试题卫生A级模拟题：阅读理解
2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，下面yjbys网小编提供2017职称英语试题卫生类模拟题练习，希望能帮助大家顺利备考复习。【考试时间】
第4部分：阅读理解(第31"-'45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Immigration and Problems
Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the U.S. filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizens-- not criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measures, including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.
Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005,according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all this growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers don't always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs.
With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Govemment has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegals, and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back,the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help.
France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted "skills and talents" visas, valid for three years. But some concern that it'll cause brain drain in developing countries.
31. Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the U.S. in early 2006, demanding that they should be treated as __________.
A. animals
B. citizens
C. civilians
D. criminals
32. Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because __________.
A. Canada is in desperate need of talented people
B. Canada can feed a much larger population
C. Canada is suffering from labor shortage
D. Canada is a multicultural country
33. What has the Spanish Govemment decided to do?
A. Help immigrants find proper jobs.
B. Let immigrants freely enter the country.
C. Integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture.
D. Take tough measures against illegal immigration.
34. After France's new immigration and integration law takes effect, it will __________.
A. lure overseas students back home
B. undermine the unity of the country
C. drain developing countries of talent
D. induce resentment among the French workers
35. The phrasal verb "rounding up" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by __________.
A. capturing
B. encircling
C. separating
D. frightening
第二篇
Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century
A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.
"The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases- cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆病) and Parkinson's disease (帕金森氏病) --will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging," says S. Jay Olshansky, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.
Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy (预期寿命) and the length of healthy life, Olshansky said.
The authors suggest that a new paradigm (模式) of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social, economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.
They note that all living things, including humans, possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and, through dietary (饮食的) intervention or genetic alteration, it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.
Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions, such as exercise and good nutrition, may lead to lifelong well-being.
The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the "fundamental cellular (细胞的) and physiological changes that drive aging itself."
"We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aging processes have been underrecognized by most of the scientific community," said Olshansky. "We call on the health-research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people."
An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a "systematic attack on aging itself," the authors write.
Olshansky and colleagues contend that modem medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life, and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.
36. The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases __________.
A. is the best strategy for fighting diseases
B. focuses on slowing aging processes
C. has gone out of date
D. needs to be improved
37. The authors hold a new paradigm of health promotion and disease prevention __________.
A. could have great potential
B. could be too expensive
C. could be too complicated
D. could be opposed by many people
38. It is possible to extend lifespan by means of all the following EXCEPT __________.
A. dietary intervention
B. genetic alteration
C. aging-relatedprocesses
D. exercise
39. The authors argue that more money should be spent on __________.
A. maintaining the well-being of the elderly
B. looking after the sick
C. extending the life of the dying
D. developing aging-slowing interventions
40. Which statement is NOT true according to the authors ?
A. There are now more age-related diseases.
B. Health care costs are on the rise.
C. A systematic attack on aging is needed.
D. Too little has been done to extend life.
第三篇
Emotions
Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief.
Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds,facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity (遗传) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions.
Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions- fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919.
The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away.
Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions -- which can exist at various levels of intensity-- are anger, fear, joy,sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.
41. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind __________.
A. have emotions different from those of sighted persons
B. have some facial expression like those of sighted persons
C. depend only on words to express their feelings
D. seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures
42. The James-Lange theory of emotions __________.
A. overlooked internal physical reactions
B. exaggerated the function of stimulating events
C. faced a challenge from counter evidence
D. offered a narrow interpretation of emotions
43. In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event?
A. Interpretation made.
B. Responses produced.
C. Feeling stimulated.
D. Action taken.
44. Emotions are compared to colors because __________.
A. they are classified in a similar way
B. they have the same influence on people's life
C. both of them may take on different forms
D. both of them may have basic elements mixed in them
45. The main purpose of this writing is to __________.
A. arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviors
B. help readers enjoy pleasant emotions
C. outline the development of theories about emotions
D. analyze various emotions and physical changes
参考答案：第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31.B。细节题。题干：2006年许多移民涌现街头，要求他们应该被以__________身份受到对待。利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段第二句话：许多移民举着标语和美国国旗，要求按公民而不是罪犯来对待他们。
32.C。细节题。题干：一些加拿大官员想要打开国门是因为__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段前三句话：加拿大官员说移民申请继续高涨。一些官员想把门开着。他们需要劳动力。
33.D。细节题。题干：西班牙政府决定如何做?利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段第一句话：随着大批的无证非洲移民来到加里那群岛，并且移民趋势没有减弱的迹象，西班牙政府决定采取严厉的措施。
34.C。细节题。题干：法国的新移民与统一法生效后，将会__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到最后一段的最后一句：但是有些人担心，这个法案会导致发展中国家的人才流失。
35.A。词汇题。题干：round up的意思为__________。根据and并列结构中并列部分语义走向必须保持一致的原则，round up应与sending them back(遣返)保持语义走向相同，因此capturing(捕捉)是对的。
第二篇
36.D。细节题。题干：专家认为对疾病的传统治疗方法__________。由关键词expert定位到第二段，专家认为如果我们不去了解所有这些疾病如何与衰老相互作用或与之具有共同机制，对这些疾病的传统治疗方法的效率就会很低，因此D(应该得到提高)为正确选项。
37.A。细节题。题干：作者认为一个关于提高健康和抵御疾病的新模式将会带来__________。文章第四段第一句就讲：“作者认为一个关于提高健康和抵御疾病的新模式将会带来社会、经济和健康方面的空前益处。”因此A(存在强大的潜能)为正确选项。
38.C。细节题。题干：下列哪项不是可能延长寿命的方法?文章第五段列举了能延长寿命的方法，包括饮食控制和基因改变，C是要延缓的内容而不是方法，故C为正确选项。
39.D。细节题。题干：作者认为在__________方面需要花费更多的钱。文章第八段讲：“我们呼吁健康研究所的领导分配更多的资源来支持延缓衰老的各种方案。”因此D为正确答案。
40.D。细节题。题干：根据作者的说法下列哪项是不正确的?文章最后一段讲：“Olshanky和同事们承认在延长生命方面已经做了巨大投资了。”D选项与原文所述相反，因此本题选择D。
第三篇
41.B。推理题。题干：从第二段可以推导出，那些天生看不见的人__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段后半部分，大意是“虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现，但是更多的时候人是从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。研究表明，那些被隔离的不同人群在表达情感的时候有着相似的面部表情。”分析题干，我们知道the blind和正常人相比，属于被隔离的不同人群，但是根据原文可知他们在表达情感的时候，面部表情和正常人很相似。所以B选项为正确答案。
42.c。细节题。题干：詹姆斯•兰格的情感理论 。利用题干关键词可以定位到文中第二段中间部分：“根据詹姆斯•兰格于1880年提出的关于情感的理论：一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些生理变化作出反应，并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候，才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在另一个研究中——在一只神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究——没有得到支持”。综合分析，我们可知C选项为正确答案。
43.A。细节题。题干：情感发生的一系列状况中，哪个是发生于遇到重要事件之后?利用题干关键词可以定位到文中第四段中间部分。可知A选项为正确答案。
44.D。推理题。题干：情感用来跟颜色做比较，因为__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到最后一段。该段讲一些神经学家进一步发展了这种理论，认为人至少有八种情感。然后这些情感相互结合就会产生其他情感，好比在绘画中，由几种特定的原料相互搭配可以产生其他色调一样。可知D选项为正确答案。
45.c。主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要目的是 __________ 。主旨在篇首，包括什么是情感以及人是如何交流情感的，接着谈到不同的科学家和普通人对情感是如何产生的这一问题的认识。可知该文章的主要目的是向大家介绍有关情感的理论是如何发展的。故C选项为正确答案。其他选项都只是谈到了文章中的细节部分，不是文章的主旨。
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