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2017职称英语试题卫生B级阅读理解习题
职称英语考试一共有6个题型，包括阅读理解、完形填空、词汇选项、概括大意完成句子、补全短文和阅读判断。要求在2个小时全部完成，题量大时间少，这就需要考生合理分配复习重点，应试时合理分配做题时间。以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于职称英语试题卫生B级阅读理解习题，供大家备考。
第4部分：阅读理解(第31'45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
American Society
When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society,somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.
Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who don't have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun with little difficulty.
Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.
Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South,where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people "to keep and bear arms". They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.
Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates.
America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.
The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.
31. What is most unusual about American society?
A. Many Americans acquire guns illegally.
B. Ordinary people can possess guns legally.
C. The average citizen does not try to possess guns.
D. Many school children carry guns legally.
32. Some Americans defend their possession of guns by arguing that__________.
A. deer and duck reproduce too quickly in the country.
B. herds and flocks bother farmer at night.
C. hunting is part of the American way of life.
D. wolves threaten people's lives in rural areas.
33. The National Rifle Association was established to__________.
A. help strengthen gun control laws.
B. unite people who possess guns.
C. defend Americans'right to possess guns.
D. solve the problem of crime and violence.
34. Gun possession has become a hot issue in the US because it is__________.
A. gathering political support.
B. becoming increasingly restricted.
C. threatening endangered species.
D. causing serious problems.
35. The author's attitude towards the US gun culture is__________.
A. positive.
B. negative.
C. indifferent.
D. neutral.
第二篇
Living Standards Around the World
The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.
What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity-- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a
nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.
The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.
The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards,policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.
36. Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?
A. Mexico.
B. The United States.
C. Japan.
D. South Korea.
37. The word "meager" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. modest.
B. poor.
C. meaningless.
D. plentiful.
38. What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?
A. Labor unions.
B. Minimum-wage laws.
C. Rising productivity.
D. Favorable public policy.
39. The study of the relationship between productivity and living standards is significant in that __________.
A. it calls policymakers' attention to a qualified work force
B. it encourages workers to get better education
C. it helps improve the workers' ability to produce goods and services
D. it enables policymakers to access the latest technology
40. The passage mainly discusses __________.
A. the differences in average income among countries
B. the relationship between productivity and living standards
C. the causes of the rise in living standards
D. the importance of raising productivity
第三篇
Earthquake
Earthquake may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces known to man: since records began to be written down, it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the million, and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods, fire, disease, tsunamis (gigantic sea waves), and other observable events resulting from earthquake, rather than from the quakes themselves.
The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey, and the Alpine regions. It is in there two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they say, however, happen anywhere at any time.
This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake forecast may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior, pattems of movements in the earth's shell,variations in the earth's force of attraction, and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed, scientists have shown increasing success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result, a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen) the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.
It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their destructiveness altogether, but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.
41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Earthquake destruction is declining.
B. Earthquake forecast is improving.
C. Man is no longer fearful of earthquakes.
D. Man is capable of conquering earthquakes.
42. We can infer from the passage that quakes__________.
A. may happen anywhere at any time.
B. mostly strike in oceans and mountains.
C. are unobservable in masses of land.
D. are hardly the direct cause of fatalities.
43. The phrase "this element of the unknown" (Paragraph 3) refers to __________.
A. the extension of earthquake zones
B. the percentage of earthquake occurrences
C. when and where earthquakes may occur
D. what big damage earthquakes may cause
44. Man's research on earthquake forecast at present is to __________。
A. reduce the loss from earthquake disasters
B. lower the frequency of earthquakes
C. release the energy that causes earthquakes
D. analyze the relationship between different earthquakes
45. Which of the following describes the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. Inform the reader.
B. Entertain the reader.
C. Disprove a concept.
D. Question a concept.
参考答案：
第一篇
31.B。本题出现在文中的第一段，考查对长难句的分析能力。most unusual是most strange的同义替换。可见B为正确答案。
32.C。本题出现在文中的第三段。尽管一些美国人并不愿意持有枪，但是其他一些美国人则认为持枪狩猎是一种运动。在秋冬季节，这种活动已经成为美国文化的一部分。所以C为正确答案。注意D选项是第四段谈到的内容，它表达了一些农民对持有枪的看法，故不能选。
33.C。本题出现在文中第四段中间部分：To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association fNRA)was founded in l 871.The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation.通过该句可知，该组织存在的主要目的是保护美国人拥有枪的权利。故选C。
34.D。本题出现在文中第五段。该段中讲到，美国枪泛滥，民众呼吁对枪进行限制。因为在看似平静的校园里也频繁发生枪击事件，迫使立法者们采取行动制定法律。所以D为正确答案。
35.D。本题需要通读全文后才能得出答案。文中讲到了美国社会中一个比较严重的问题持有枪，然后作者客观地描述了持有枪是美国社会文化的一部分，而且提到了美国持枪协会对这一问题的态度。同时作者也指出持枪给社会带来的严重后果，提醒我们要对这一问题引起足够的重视。综上分析，D为正确答案。
第二篇
36.D。答案在文章首段的末尾：At this rate，average income doubles every 35 years.In some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid.In Japan，for instance，average income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.文章首先提到，在美国人均收入每35年翻一番，接着指出在一些国家经济增长速度更快，可见经济增长速度与人均收入增长是成正比的，即人均收入增长越快，就说明经济增长速度越快。根据后面的例子，日本人均收入20年翻一番，而韩国则只需10年，由此可推知，韩国的经济增长速度最快。
37.B。本题考查根据上下文推测词义的能力。该词出现在第二段：In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living;in nations where workers are less productive，most people must endure a more meager existence.这里对两类国家进行了对比，首先在那些单位时间内能生产出大量的产品和服务，即生产力水平较高的国家，大多数人的生活水平都较高;接着与之相对应，在那些生产力水平较低的国家，人们的生活水平肯定较低，因此可推出meager肯定跟穷困”的意思接近，故答案只能为poor。modest意为“谦虚的，适度的”;meaningless意为“毫无意义的”;plentiful意为“许多的，丰富的”。
38.C。本题答案在第三段：Ifproductivity is the primary determinant of living standards.Other explanations must be of secondary importance.For example，people might think that labor unions or minimumwage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century.Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.由上面的论述可知，生产力对人们的生活水平起决定作用，其他因素都是次要的。
39.A。本题答案在最后一段。本段主要论述研究生产力和生活水平之间的关系对公共政策制定的重大意义。政策的制定者们必须考虑到生产力的提高也就意味着生活水平的提高。如何提高生产力从而提高人们的生活水平就是他们必须认真思考的。而提高生产力就必须提高工人的教育水平，拥有先进的生产和服务工具以及接触高科技。所以推断出研究生产力和生活水平之间的关系的意义在于引起政策制定者关注劳动力素质的提高。故选A。
40.B。本题属主旨大意题。整篇文章主要论述了生产力和人们的生活水平之间的关系。A和C选项都很片面，只是文章某一段落的主题;而D选项只提到提高生产力的重要性，没有提到人们的生活水平。
第三篇
41.B。题干：根据文章所述，下列哪一项是对的?文章的第三段和第四段的主题思想都围绕着“scientists have shown increasing Success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike”，即，科学家们已经能够越来越成功地预测地震发生的时间和地点了。
42.B。题干：我们从短文可以推断出地震___________ 。利用题干关键词可以定位到原文第二段“The great majority of aU earthquakes occllr in two specific geographic areas.One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses.The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains，includin9…”由此可知B选项为正确答案。
43.C。第三段中“this elementofthe unknown”指的是 ___________ 。This element ofthe unknown出现在文章的第三段开头，对于指示代词this的理解要看上下文的衔接，第二段最后提到90%的地震可能在任何时间和地点发生。这句话暗示地震发生的时间和地点是未知的，所以答案为C。
44.A。人类目前关于地震先测的研究是为了___________ 。利用题干关键词可以定位到文中第三段，该段提到了“全球地震预警系统可以帮助应对(因此减少)突如其来的地震造成的巨大伤害”，因此A选项中的reduce是对原文lessen的最好阐释。
45.A。题干：作者写这篇文章的目的是什么?从整篇文章看来，作者只是告诉读者关于地震发生和预防的一些信息，所以A选项“告知信息”比B选项“娱乐读者”、c选项“不同意某种观点”、D选项“质疑某种观点”更切合题意。
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