2017年职称《英语综合B》试题及答案(补全短文)
补全短文
Text 1
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effets on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Austrnlia, many in high density residential areas5. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
词汇: mobile /5mEubail/ adj.移动的 circulate /5sE:kjuleit/ v.流传 electromagnetic /IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/ adj.电磁的 density /5densiti/ n.密度 transmitter tower发射塔 disregard /7disri5^B:d/ v.不顾 shield /Fi:ld/ n.隔离屏 accelerate /Ak5selEreit/ v.加速，加快注释：
1. 动词 prove用的是过去式形式 proved，这是虚拟语气表示假设的用法。
2. Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight …“没有人会在一个晚上倒地死去……” overnight是副词，意为“一夜间;一下子;整夜”。如： This stadium was not built overnight.这个体育场不是一下子建起来的。 On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去欧洲的途中，约翰在芝加哥他父母那儿呆了一个晚上。
3.介词 by表示“以……(速的度增加)”。
4.介词 by表示“到……前”。如： By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report. 到周四上午你应该写完实验报告。 5. many in high density residential areas 是独立主格结构。注意它省略了 being，即 many (being) in high density
residential areas。此外， many指的是 many transmitter towers。
6. at a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解为 at a rate (that is) more than three times that of adults.意为“以比成人多两倍的比率……”短语中的 that指代 rate。倍数的表达法是：“数字 +times+名词/that”。如： His salary is three times that of mine. 他的薪水比我多两倍。 The sales volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999. 2000年冰箱的销量比 1999年多一倍。练习：
A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6. B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people. C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said. D Then who finances the research? E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.
答案与题解：
1. C “空 1”应该填入与 low-level radiation有关的内容，例如： low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。所以， C是合适的选项。此外，直接引语也佐证了选择的合理性。
2. B“空 2”前面一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状。选项 B的内容是对到 2000年之前手机发展前景的预测，内容连贯，是正确答案。
3. E 这一段的第一句说的是，许多微波发射搭建在人口稠密的居民区。选项 E的内容涉及微波发射塔的地点选择只考虑到地理位置，而不顾及社区的安全。选项 E扩展了第一句表达的信息。此外选项 E 中出现 tower这个词，与第一句的 tower相呼应，也佐证了选择的合理性。
4. A “空 4”前面一句说的是 Robert Bell建议政府应该禁止在儿童比例高的地区(如学校操场、儿童医疗中心、居住小区等 )的 500米半径的范围内建造发射塔。选项 A说明为什么要这样做的原因，因而是答案。
5. D “空 5”后面一句说的是 major telephone companies出钱资助研究项目的问题，提示了 D是正确答案
Text 2
The World’s Longest Bridge
Rumor has it that1 a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily. 1 When completed in 2010, the world’s longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic — and stretch 5 kilomerers long. “that’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built,” says structural engineer Shane Rixon.
2 They’re suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure’s mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,00-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge’s load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3 Getting these cables up will be something2. It’s not just their length — totally 5.3 kilometers
— but their weight. 4
After lowering vertical “suspender” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck — wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons — equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5词汇： legendary /5ledVEndEri/ adj.传说中的 gorge /^C:dV/ n.峡谷 monster /5mCnstE/ n.怪物，妖怪 mammoth /5mAmEW/ adj.巨大的 lurk /lE:k/ v.潜伏 hefty /5hefti/ adj.高强度的 Sicily西西里岛(意大南部) sling /sliN/ v.用悬带吊挂( slung，slung) Tyrrhenian Sea第勒尼安海 beefy /5bi:fI/ adj.结实的 Messina Strait墨西拿海峡 yank /jANk/ v.拽注释：
1. Rumor has it that：传说小说…… Rumor has it that这是一种固定结构。 it是宾语，that引导的从句具体说明 it的内容。
2. something：值得重视的人或事。练习：
A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds. B What do the world’s longest bridges have in common? C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼啸而过) across the Messina Strait Bridge. D They’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere. E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires. F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons — more than-half the bridge’s total mass.
答案与题解：
1. C选项 C中有一个关键词 beast，与第一句的 monster相呼应。所以， C是正确答案。
2. B 第二段第二句的主语是 They。由于表语是 suspension bridges，They替代的一定是前面句子出现过的 bridges。六个选项中，只有 B含有 bridges。填在第三段段首，意思连贯。
3. E“空 3”前面的句子有 the first job这几个词。有 first，必有 second/then。六个选项中只有 E含有 The second job。所以，E是答案。
4. F “空 4”前面的句子说的是，把这些吊索吊高定位是有难度的.，不仅仅由于它们很长，还由于它们很重。 F具体地介绍了它们的重量，应该是“空 4”前面的句子的后续句。
5. D “空 5”前面的句子说的是，桥桩很重要。为什么很重要呢? D解释了桥桩的作用，意义连贯，所以是答案。
Text 3
Reinventing the Table
An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table1 to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia3 says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.
“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.
“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what’s going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge4. 3 4 He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots — one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5
词汇: rejig /r i:dVi^/ n.调整，重新安排 ion /5aiEn/ n.离子 criss-cross /`krIsEkrCs/ v.交叉 proton /5prEutCn/ n.质子 geochemist n.地球化学家 sulphur /5sQlfE/ n.硫磺 sulphide /5sQlfaid/ n.硫化物 sulphite /5sQlfait/ n.亚硫酸盐 sulphate /5sQlfeit/ n.硫酸盐 nutrient /5nju:triEnt/ n.滋养物注释：
1. the periodic table：元素周期表
2. Mendeleev：门捷列夫
3. the University of Georgia：乔治亚大学
4. the University of Cambridge：剑桥大学练习：
A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871. B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. C “I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.” D Railsback has listed some elements more than once. E And the size of element’s symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth’s crust. F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.
答案与题解：
1. A 文章是讲重新发明周期表。第一段讲了一位地学科学家已经调整元素周期表，使得教学生化学时更容易些。接着是第二段。第一句是空白，需要填入。接下来的一句话是这么说的：乔治亚大学的 Bruce Railsback说他是第一个创造性地创作了这样一个表的，他突破了传统，显示了每个元素的离子而不只是元素本身。 A的
意思是：自从 1871年门捷列夫画出元素周期表以来，许多人试图重新设计周期表。“第一个”这个信息很重要。按照从一般到具体的行文规律，前一句话应当是一般性的描述。 A符合这个条件。
2. B 第三段的第一句话是这么说的：“在给地学学生们解将元素周期表时我的手臂都要累坏了，”他说时在空中来回移动他的两只手，指点传统周期表中不同的元素。这一句话是讲 Bruce Railsback重新制作元素周期表的原因。从主题发展来看，这句话似乎跟上文连不上，但这是一篇报道，插入了一些背景信息和其他人的评论。从第二段的昀后一句话来看 B比较合适，因为都是讲元素。 B说的是： Railsback仍然按照元素所有的质子数排列元素。注意： D也是讲元素。但是 B中有“仍然” (still)这个词，它是衔接第二段的昀后一句话的。
3. C第四段是剑桥大学的 Albert Galy对 Bruce Railsback重新创造的元素周期表的评论。评论常常用原话。引号表明 C是原话。
4. D 第五段需填入主题句。主题句常常是概括性的。从第五段提供的信息来看，“硫磺” (sulphur)这个元素在三个地方出现，因此 D是正确的。 D说的是：有些元素 Railsback列了一次以上。
5. E 第六段的第一句讲到了符号。 E也是讲符号，其他的选项都没有讲，因此应选 E。
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