2017职称英语《卫生A》阅读判断专项试题
阅读判断
text 1
Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart
According to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.
They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽运) more blood than the others.
According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.
All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数). It is a measure of heart performance; it measures how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室).
Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reposed.
Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the U.K. alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general, these findings are particularly significant.
Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.
1.The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2.The experiment proved to be satisfactory.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3.The control group patients regretted not having had stem cell injections.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4.The study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.The ejection fraction rate of the patients with stem cell injections decreased.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6.Heart failure is more common in the U.K. than anywhere else in the world.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7.Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
text 2
Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.
What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the fast years of life. A child hears it spoken from moming till night and,what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance, there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as what is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1.Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2.Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3.The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4.Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of
learning their mother tongue.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6.Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7.So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
text 3
G8 Summit
Leaders of the Group of Eight Major Industrialized Nations (G8) will meet in Scotland in July this year. Representatives from China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil have also been invited. Here's what the G8 leaders want from the meeting.
British Prime Minister Tony Blair wants the G8 to cancel debt to the world's poorest countries.
He wants them to double aid to Africa to 50 billion pounds by 2010. He has also proposed reducing subsidies to Western farmers and removing restrictions on African exports. This has not got the approval of all members because it will hurt their agricultural interests. On climate change, Blair wants concerted (共同的) action by reducing carbon emissions (排放) .
US President George W. Bush agrees to give help to Africa. But he says he doesn't like the idea of increasing aid to countries as it will increase corruption. Bush said he would not sign an agreement to cut greenhouse gas emissions at the summit, according to media. The US is the only G8 member not to have signed the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). Although the US is the world's biggest polluter, Bush so far refuses to believe there is sufficient scientific data to establish beyond a doubt that there is a problem.
French President Jacques Chirac supports Blair on Africa and climate change. He is determined to get the US to sign the climate change deal.
German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder remains doubtful of Blair's Africa proposals.
Schroder's officials have dismissed the notion that money will solve Africa's problems as "old thinking". Berlin says that African states should only receive extra money if they can prove they've solved the corruption problem.
Russian President Vladimir Putin was doubtful about the value of more aid to Africa. But he has seen a way to make this work to his advantage. Putin intends to use the aid to Africa as a springboard (跳板) next year to propose aid to the former Soviet republics of Georgia, Uzbekistan,Tajikistan and Moldova.
Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's priorities are a seat on the UN Security Council,for which he will be lobbying (游说) at the summit. And he's concerned about the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's nuclear weapons programme.
1.The G8 countries include China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2.Blair hopes that the G8 countries will work together to reduce carbon emissions.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3.India has accepted the invitation to attend the G8 meeting.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4.Bush agrees to increase aid to Africa.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.Chirac takes a stand similar to Blair's on Africa and climate change.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6.According to media, Bush will sign the Kyoto Protocol at the summit.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7.Japan will reject Blair's proposal to increase aid to Africa.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案及解析
text 1
1.B。题干：20个病人接受了细胞注射而不是手术。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第一段中第二句话和第五段中第三句话，表明这20个病人也接受手术治疗，故答案为B。
2.A。题干：实验结果令人满意。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第二段，表明干细胞注射实验效果很好。
3.c。题干：对照组的病人们后悔没有进行细胞治疗。利用题干关键词进行定位，发现文章没有提及对照组病人是否抱怨没有接受干细胞注射。
4.A。题干：研究首次证明了细胞治疗的好处。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第三段，表明该实验首次证明了干细胞治疗的好处。
5.B。题干：接受干细胞注射的病人射血分数率降低了。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第五段，表明接受干细胞注射的病人射血分数率增加了。
6.C。题干：心衰在英国要比世界其他任何地方更常见。利用题干关键词进行定位，发现文章第六段只是通过英国的例子来说明，心衰是世界范围的常见病，但并没有提及心衰是否在英国要比世界其他任何地方更常见。
7.A。题干：细胞治疗有很好的前景。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章最后一段，表明干细胞治疗前景可观。
text 2
1.A。题干：与学习外语的成年人相比，儿童学习母语很容易。利用线索词adult和children，在第一段的段首句中发现children，而在随后的一句中发现adult。研究这两段的语意：前一句说“为什么孩子学习母语学得这么好?”后一句接着说“当我们把孩子和学习外语的成年人比较时，我们发现了这个有趣的事实”，依据这两句判断，该问题旬实际上是对原文中这两个句子的总结。
2.C。题干：成年人的知识和智力阻碍了他们对外语的掌握。利用线索词mental powers在第一段第三句中可以发现相关信息，该句大意是“在大多数情况下，智力充分发展的成年人对外语的掌握是错误的和不准确的”。而该句的下一句引出的是成年人和儿童在学习语言方面不同的理由(第二段的段首句)，但原文中并没提到成年人掌握外语的能力较差的原因，所以选择C。
3.B。题干：儿童母语学得好的原因只是因为他们的学习环境。该问题旬的说法太绝对，所以判断答案为“错误”。其实这道题的答案相关句我们在前一题已经涉及了。文章第二段的首句给出了由两个partly引出的理由，因为不是“唯一的理由”，故选择B。
4.A。题干：早年大量的听力练习是儿童学习母语成功的一个原因。利用线索词the first years oflife在第二段的第二句中可以发现相关句。该句说“早年学习母语的时间是最有益的”。接下来的一句强调了儿童期听力练习的形式。所以选择A。
5.B。题干：儿童学习母语的优势是可以常年上私人辅导课。利用线索词all the year round在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句。比较原句和问题句的结构，发现不同之处在于“as itwere”的结构。部分结构的差异往往设置了陷阱。原文中asitwere的含义是“仿佛是”，而问题句说“是”，所以选择B。
6.A。题干：手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。利用线索词Gestures and facial expressions在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句。该句说“儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语，而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情”。可见原句的说法与问题旬一致，所以选择A。
7.C。题干：就语言教学而言，教师与学生的亲密关系比学生接受的专门培训更重要。利用线索词teachers在文章的最后一段找到相关信息，但原文只是说“教师与学生的关系。是亲密的”，尽管问题句的说法并不与原文矛盾，但只能选择C。
text 3
1.B。题干：八国组织包括中国、印度、墨西哥、南非和巴西。由专有名词G8和题干中的国家名称回到原文定位，很容易找到第一段中的相关信息。文章意思是中国、印度等国的领导人也受到邀请，证明他们不是G8的成员国。故选B。
2.A。题干：Blair希望八国成员国通力合作来减少碳的排放。由专有名词Blair回到原文定位，不难发现第二段是答案的出处。本段最后一句与题干含义相符。故选A。
3.c。题干：印度接受了参加八国峰会的邀请。由国家名称India回到原文定位，除了第一段并未有所提及。故题干没有在原文得到体现。故选C。
4.B。题干：Bush同意增加对非洲的援助。由专有名词Bush来定位，很容易发现第三段第二句有相关信息：Bush不愿意增加对非洲的援助。故选B。
5.A。题干：在南非气候变化的问题上，Chirac跟Blair的立场相似。由Chirac回到原文定位，第四段有相关信息。此段较短，因此很容易通过对比得出答案为A。
6.B。题干：根据媒体报道，Bush将在峰会上简述京都议定书。由专有名词Bush和Kyoto Protocol回到原文定位，第三段有相关信息;美国是目前G8成员国中唯一未签订京都议定书的国家，并且目前也拒绝相信碳排放会带来问题。题干与文章信息不符，故选B。
7.C。题干：日本将否决布莱尔的援助非洲的提案。由Japan和Blair回到原文定位，不难发现原文并未提及日本是否会拒绝布莱尔的提案。故选C。
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