2017职称英语《理工A》完形填空专项试题
完形填空题
What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?
What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which__________(1) in Antarctica in 1983.
We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in__________ (2).
Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120——C to -120——C. The temperature depends upon __________(3) you are in direct sunlight or shade. Obviously, -1200C is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASA science for well-designed space __________(4) that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes.
The space temperatures just discussed affect only our area of the solar __________(5).
Obviously, it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun. Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210——C. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again, it depends upon your __________(6). We are taught it is supposedly__________ (7) to have a temperature below absolute zero, which is-273"C, at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell and Wieman, have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely __________(8) absolute zero. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work -- not a discovery, in this case.
Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?
In the 1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting__________(9) about particles we now call photons. Bose had trouble__________(10) other scientists to believe__________(11)he contacted Albert Einstein. Einstein's calculations helped him theorize__________(12) behave as Bose thought--but only at very cold temperatures.
Scientists have also discovered that__________ (13) atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose one second__________ (14) six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time (d--vxt). With the long distances involved in space __________(15) to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance.
1.A. opened
B. occurred
C. opposed
D. operated
2.A. Earth
B. space
C. planet
D. star
3.A. whether
B. where
C. what
D. when
4.A. foods
B. beds
C. tools
D. suits
5.A. wind
B. energy
C. system
D. rays
6.A. education
B. status
C. knowledge
D. location
7.A. reasonable
B. wonderful
C. impossible
D. necessary
8.A. above
B. below
C. within
D. beyond
9.A. invention
B. theory
C. paper
D. experiment
10. A. convincing
B. begging
C. ordering
D. forcing
11. A. and
B. though
C. but
D. so
12. A. will
B. would
C. must
D. can
13. A. ultra-small
B. ultra-fast
C. ultra-hot
D. ultra-cold
14. A. any
B. each
C. every
D. some
15. A. travel
B. research
C. walk
D. station
参考答案
1.B。本段叙述地球上记录到的最低温度是-91℃，本段最后一句的后半句显然是交代这一最低温度是在南极洲出现的。所以，occurred(发生，出现)是正确的选择。其他三个选项的词义与上下文意思相去甚远。
2.B。通观本段，内容是叙述宇宙空间的温度。选项B的space是“宇宙空间”的意思，所以是答案。其他三个选项earth意为“地球”，planet意为“行星”，star意为“恒星”，这三个答案选项在词义上都不合适。
3.A。上下文的意思是：地球轨道上的温度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之间。温度的变化取决于是向阳还是背阳。whether意为“是否”，故为本题答案。
4.D。上文说-120℃是宇航员无法忍受的温度，下文说美国国家航空航天局生产某种装置来protect astronauts from these temperature extremes(保护宇航员不受极端温度的侵害)。很明显，这种装置就是space suits，意为“太空服”。
5.c。现在讨论的内容是有关太阳系宇宙空间的温度。本段第二句说到太阳对温度的影响：靠近太阳的温度高一些，远离太阳的温度就低一些。所以本题要选system。
6.D。整个宇宙空间的温度是多少度呢?温度的高低取决于哪个因素呢?从四个选项分析：温度不会取决于你的education(教育)，你的status(地位)或你的knowledge(知识)，因为这不合乎逻辑。只有选location(位置)才符合上下文的意思。
7.C。科学常识告诉我们，绝对零度是宇宙中的最低温度。故impossible为答案。
8.A。本段前面的句子说到最低温度不会低于.273℃，所以，below，within，beyond都有悖于上述论述。只有above(高于)才与上文的意思相符。
9.B。本段第二句说，Bose没有办法使其他的科学家believe his theory，所以第一句的studying an interestin9之后缺失的词应该是“theory”。
10.A。Bose一筹莫展，只好求助于爱因斯坦，后者通过计算证实了Bose的理论。本题选convincing(说服)最恰当。0rdering(命令)或forcing(强迫)都不合逻辑。begging(恳求)也太低三下四了，也不符合语境。
1 1.D。本段的第二句的前半句与后半句是因果关系，连词要选so。
12.B。本句的主句中的谓语动词用的是过去时helped，根据“主句为过去时态，宾语从句一般也要用过去时态”这个时态一致的原则，故本题要选would。
13.D。Comell and Wieman荣获诺贝尔物理奖，是因为他们成功地将气体的'温度降到接近绝对零度。本文最后两段以实际例子说明他们的成就推动了科学的发展。因此，ultra。small, ultra-fast和ultra.hot都与Cornell and Wieman的研究无关联，不会是答案。只有ultra-cold才是合乎逻辑的选项。
1 4.C。从句子“These clocks are SO accurate today they would only lose one secondsix million”推断，原子钟如此精确，每隔600万年才慢l秒。“每隔”的英语用词是every。
15.A。从地球飞向其他星球的宇宙航程很长，计时越精确，测算宇宙飞行器的即时距离就越精确。本段讲的是精确计时对宇宙航行的重要性。所以，选travel是正确的。本题不能选walk，因为space walk是“太空行走”，指的是宇航员离开飞船在宇宙空间中活动，与space travel是两个不同的概念。
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