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2016年职称英语考试考前真题练习（带答案详解）
以下是小编整理的往年职称英语考试的真题及详解，希望帮助2016年考生在考试之前练笔，通过做真题找到解题方法，在考场上应对自如。
2015年职称英语理工B真题及答案
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.
A.control B.accept C.observe D.regulate
2.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.
A.message B.punishment C.guilty D.obligation
3.These products are inferior to those we bought last year.
A.poorer than B.narrower than C.larger than D.richer than
4.The organization was bold enough to face the press.
A.pleased B.brave C.powerful D.sensible
5.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.
A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed
6.Most people find rejection hard to accept.
A.refusal B.excuse C.client D.destiny
7.They’re petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.
A.planning B.preparing C.looking D.requesting
8.He said some harsh words about his brother.
A.proper B.normal C.unkind D.unclear
9.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.
A.fear B.limit C.power D.fool
10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.
A.fair B.full C.public D.coexisting
11.He tried to assemble his thoughts.
A.gather B.clear C.share D.spare
12.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
A.hide B.handle C.establish D.disclose
13.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.
A.flexible B.reasonable C.terrible D.serious
14.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.
A.amount B.tempt C.supply D.sum
15.She’s extremely competent and industrious.
A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased risk of attention problems, seen as early as grade school, if their moms inhaled a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That’s the finding of a new study. Released when things don’t burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children’s health. In a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman’s blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child’s mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16.Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest success of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
First Image-recognition Software
1 Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
2 The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素) data in images and potentially video — rather than just text — to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions (图片说明), making for more accurate document search results.
3 "Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search."
4 The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed — that extracts semantic (语义的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询) on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 ________
24. Paragraph 2 ________
25. Paragraph 3 ________
26. Paragraph 4 ________
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvement in document retrieval
27. The new system does document retrieval by ________
28. The new system is expected to improve precision in ________
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore ________
30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the ________
A.information in images
B.current popular search engines
C.using photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (树冠) of taller indigenous (土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat the coffee plants, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shade grown” and “bird friendly.” Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we’re paying for the health of the birds the land, ourselves, and the planet I think it's worth it.
31.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C.People should buy shade-grown coffee.
D.Shade –grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee.
32.The function of the word “Traditionally” in Paragraph 2 is to show _______
A.the positive effects of coffee.
B.a change of coffee growth.
C.how coffee production used to be.
D.something that is the most important.
33.What does increased production of full- sun coffee bring about?
A.More insects.
B.Better quality coffee.
C.Larger farms.
D.Higher profits.
34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
A.They buy more land from other farmers.
B.They move to another country.
C.They cut down trees.
D.They turn grassland into farmland.
35.The full-sun method may affect this following EXCEPT _______
A.insects.
B.birds.
C.humans.
D.air.
第二篇 More Rural Research Is Needed
Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.
“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty,” he said.
Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which, in turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.
The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) on5 research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.
He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India.
“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently,” Dr. Fischer said.
Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tones per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield,” Dr. Fischer said.
36.What is the main idea mainly about?
A.Shortage of food
B.Development of agricultural technologies
C.Importance of agricultural research
D.Expectation of population growth
37.Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research finding?
A.it is increasing among developed countries.
B.it is decreasing worldwide.
C.Less is commanded from developing countries.
D.Most of it is spent very efficiently.
38.What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?
A.Food shortage will not be a problem.
B.There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.
C.Population growth will result in more hungry people.
D.There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.
39.What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies?
A.They are costly.
B.They have to be improved to meet local needs.
C.Their application is limited.
D.They have to be applied locally.
40.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A.there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.
B.crop production is growing faster in developing countries.
C.maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.
D.technologies improving maize production have been well developed.
第三篇 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child.” says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41.What does the new study discover?
A.Babies born to wealthy farmers are heavier.
B.Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
C.Low-attitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in their life.
D.Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.
42.Giussani and his team are sure that
A.people living in La Paz are power than those in Santa Cruz.
B.the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above average.
C.babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.
D.mother in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.
43.It can be inferred from what Giussani say in Paragraph 4 that
A.he was very tired.
B.the finding was unexpected.
C.the study took longer than expected.
D.he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.
44.The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth of underweight babies is
A.reduction of oxygen levels
B.lack of certain nutrition
C.poverty of their mothers
D.different family backgrounds
45.It can be learnt from the last paragraph that
A.underweight babies have a shorter life span.
B.babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth.
C.high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later life.
D.newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.
参考答案：
1-5:1 B 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 C
6-10:6 A 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 D
11-15:11 A 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 A
16-20:16 B 17 B 18 B 19 C 20 C
21-25:21 A 22 A 23 D 24 C 25 E
26-30:26 F 27 C 28 E 29 A 30 B
31-35:31 C 32 B 33 D 34 C 35 D
36-40:36 C 37 B 38 D 39 B 40 A
46-50:46 C 47 F 48 B 49 A 50 E
51-55:51 B 52 A 53 D 54 D 55 D
56-60:56 B 57 B 58 C 59 D 60 D
61-65:61 B 62 A 63 C 64 B 65 A
职称英语真题
每日一讲：
(单项选择题)layout All the flats in the building had the same layout.
A.color
B.size
C.function
D.arrangement
本题来源：
2012年职称英语理工类B级考试真题第1题
本题考点：
近义词辨析
正确答案：
D
易错统计：
据全站数据，本题错误率为17.95%，易错项为[B]
文字解析：
这个建筑物的套间布局都完全相同。
句子中layout的意思是布局，布置。
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)died out because its habitat is being destroyed.( )
A.turned dead
B.passed by
C.carried away
D.become extinct
本题来源：
▶ 2013年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第4题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
▶ D
易错统计：
▶ 本题共被作答1667次，错误率为19.98%，易错项为 [A]
文字解析：
▶ 考查短语。划线词die out意为“灭绝，消失”，与become extinct为同义词，故答案为D。
A中color的意思是颜色，色彩;例句：Judi's favorite color is pink.朱迪最喜欢的颜色是粉红色。
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.( )
A.untouched
B.certain
C.silent
D.doubtful
本题来源：
▶ 2013年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第3题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
▶ D
易错统计：
▶ 本题共被作答1667次，错误率为12.30%，易错项为 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 【题干】许多专家对他的声明仍旧持怀疑态度。
【解析】考查形容词。划线词skeptical意为“怀疑的”，与doubtful为同义词，故正确答案为D。
【考点延伸】-ful表示形容词，如doubtful(怀疑的)，successful(成功的)，hopeful (有希望的)
B中size的意思是大小，尺寸;例句：It was made in the size of the clothes。这是照那件衣服的原尺 寸而缝制的。
C中function的意思是功能，作用;例句：The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry.各投资银行的主要作用是为产业筹集资金。
D中arrangement的意思是安排，布局;例句：The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble.这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐。故选D。
职称英语真题
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)This was disaster on a cosmicscale.
A.modest
B.huge
C.commercial
D.national
本题来源：
▶ 2014年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第15题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
▶ B
易错统计：
▶ 本题共被作答1082次，错误率为22.83%，易错项为 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 译文：这是一场超级的灾难。
划线词cosmic是宇宙的，表明灾难的程度是无边的、巨大的
按照这一上下文只有huge是巨大的意思，词义最为相近，本题更多考察的是上下文中语义的引申含义，从宇宙引申为宇宙的特性是巨大的，modest是谦逊的，commercial是商业的，national是国家、民族的。
职称英语真题
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)skeptical about his claims.( )
A.untouched
B.certain
C.silent
D.doubtful
本题来源：
▶ 2013年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第3题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
▶ D
易错统计：
▶ 本题共被作答1690次，错误率为12.37%，易错项为 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 【题干】许多专家对他的声明仍旧持怀疑态度。
【解析】考查形容词。划线词skeptical意为“怀疑的”，与doubtful为同义词，故正确答案为D。
【考点延伸】-ful表示形容词，如doubtful(怀疑的)，successful(成功的)，hopeful (有希望的)
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)The country was torn apart by strife.
A.poverty
B.war
C.conflict
D.economy
本题来源：
▶ 2014年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第10题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
▶ C
易错统计：
▶ 本题共被作答1073次，错误率为29.64%，易错项为 [B]
文字解析：
▶ 译文：这个国家被冲突撕裂了。
划线词strife有冲突的意思，例如civil strife国内冲突。
war属于迷惑选项，冲突还有到战争的级别，因此意思最为相近的是conflict，有冲突、矛盾的意思，economy是经济的意思。
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)lureof mathematics.
A.attraction
B.simplicity
C.power.
D.rigor
D.sincere
本题来源：
▶ 2012年职称英语理工类A级考试真题第4题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
A
易错统计：
▶ 据全站数据，本题错误率为15.19%，易错项为[B]
文字解析：
▶ 【译文】许多经济学家被数学的魅力所折服。
【点评】本题有一定难度，考査的是引申意义，lure的引申意义指“魅力”，和attraction “吸引力”是近义词，simplicity指“简单”，power指“力量”，rigor指“严厉”，和答案意义差异很 大，最佳答案是A。
每日一讲：
▶ (单项选择题)endorsed the majority of members.( )
A.rejected
B.approved
C.submitted
D.considered
本题来源：
▶ 2013年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第2题
本题考点：
▶ 近义词辨析
正确答案：
▶ B
易错统计：
▶ 本题共被作答1643次，错误率为18.62%，易错项为 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 【题干】提案得到了多数成员的赞同。
【解析】考查动词。划线词endorse意为“签署，赞同，认可”，与approve为同义词，所以正确答案为B。
【考点延伸】表示“赞同”的词还有consent(同意，赞成)，support(支持，赞同)，sanction(认可，支持;制裁，处罚)，agree(同意，赞成)等
材料：
▶ (材料)(二)Making a Loss Is the Height of Fashion
The result was an outcry and the first of a series of government — and industry —sponsored inquiries into the surreal (超现实的)world of ultimate fashion. The trade continues to insist that couture offers you more than you pay for, but it's not as simple as that. When such a temple of old wealth starts talking about value for money, it isn’t to convince anyone that dresses costing as much as houses are a bargain. Rather, it is to preserve the peculiar mystique (神秘)，lucrative (利润丰厚的)associations and threatened Interests that couture represents.
考题：
▶ (单项选择题)The writer says that the outfit Jean-Louis Scherrer described _____.
A.was worth the price that was paid for it
B.should have cost the customer than it did
C.cost more to make than it should have
D.was never sold to anyone
本题来源：
▶ 2013年职称英语综合类A级考试真题第38题
本题考点：
▶ 阅读理解 > 2013
正确答案：
▶ B
易错统计：
▶ 全站数据: 本题共被作答853次，错误率为43.81%，易错项为 [C]
文字解析：
▶ 利用题干关键词outfit，Jean—Louis Schemer和describe等可以定位到第三段“0ne outfit he described…A fair price would have been￡50，000，but the couturier could only get￡35，000 for it.Rather than riding high on the foolishness of the super—rich，he and his team could barely feed their hungry families”，可知“Jean—Louis所描述的一件服装……公平的价格本应为5万英镑，但实际只能获得3.5万英镑。他和他的团队没有洋洋得意于有钱人的愚蠢(即赚了有钱人很多钱)，反而几乎都不能喂养他们饥饿的家人了(即连成本都不能回收)”，由此可知，作者认为本来设计师是要大把从有钱人身上赚钱，结果这件衣服所收取的价格都不足以支付成本，更不用提获利了，所以B为正确答案。
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