2017下半年成人英语三级考试阅读重点训练
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The Challenge of Immigration 移民的挑战
There are many reasons why someone leaves his or her homeland to live in another country. For some, the decision is economic; they believe that they may have better opportunities to make more money in another place. For others, the motivation is adventure, wanting to try something very different in life. Still others immigrate to a new country because they think that the values of that country might better suit their own ideals.
有很多原因，有人离开自己的家园生活在另一个国家。对一些人来说，这个决定是经济的;他们认为他们会有更好的机会在另一个地方，赚更多的钱。对于其他人，动机是冒险，想尝试一些完全不同的生活。还有一些人移居到一个新的国家，因为他们认为，这个国家的价值观可能更适合自己的理想。
People who emigrate for financial reasons are often misguided. They may have heard fanciful stories of untold riches, but it is seldom so easy. If it were, the people in the country to which they wanted to move would all be earning multimillions. People who immigrate to a new country should expect to work hard, probably much harder than they would have had to work in their home country.
那些移民的财政上的原因往往是错误的。他们可能听说过数不清的财富稀奇古怪的故事，但它是不那么容易。如果是，在国内，他们想让人们就赚数百万美元。人移民到一个新的国家应该会很努力的工作，他们将不得不在自己的家乡努力工作可能更。
In some cases, people have had little or no choice of whether or not to emigrate. During the Irish potato famine, for example, millions of impoverished and destitute Irish saw emigration as an option or staying on the brink of starvation and death at home. Most made difficult and dangerous boat trips to America, where they were generally hired to do dirty work at rates much lower than other Americans. Such discrimination and poor treatment of immigrants is an all too common story throughout history.
在某些情况下，有人是否移民很少或没有选择。在爱尔兰的马铃薯饥荒，例如，贫困和贫困的爱尔兰百万看到移民作为一个选项或停留在饥饿和死亡的边缘在家。最困难和危险的船前往美国，在那里他们被雇来的速度比其他美国人低得多做肮脏的工作。移民的歧视和贫穷的处理是一个非常普遍的故事在历史上。
Also, many immigrants may find that their skills are not appreciated. Many doctors, lawyers, and engineers from countries such as Vietnam or Pakistan have found that once they leave their homeland, their credentials are worthless. They simply did not meet the standards of the new country. Subsequently, they wind up sweeping floors or working as night watchmen at the same kinds of offices they might once have filled. The feeling of being a second-class citizen is both insulting and depressing.
同时，许多移民可能会发现，他们的技能也不领情。许多医生，律师，和从越南、巴基斯坦等国家的工程师们发现，一旦他们离开他们的家园，他们的凭据是毫无价值的。他们根本不符合新的国家标准。随后，他们会清扫地板，或者作为守夜在办公室的同一种他们可能曾经充满。作为一个二等公民的侮辱和压抑的感觉。
Others may find that their language skills (or lack of it) stop them from being accepted both in the workplace and socially. People who move to another country as a sense of adventure might not care about this, but time spent leaning a new language to become bilingual will probably take away time they could spend earning enough to live a decent life. Too often, immigrants to a multicultural country may feel out of place and end up in a small community of their fellow immigrants and fail to embrace the opportunities and advantages of their new homeland.
其他人可能会发现，他们的语言技能(或缺乏)阻止他们被接受在工作场所和社会。人们搬到另一个国家作为一个冒险的感觉可能不关心这个，但在学习一种新语言成为双语的时间可能会拿走的时间可以花赚到足够的钱过体面的生活。通常一个多元文化的国家，移民可能觉得出来的地方，在一个小的同胞的移民社区的最终未能抓住机遇，他们的新家园的优势。
People may not like conditions in their own country and decide to leave.
人们可能不喜欢在自己的国家条件和决定离开。
During the Vietnam War, thousands of young American men left their country to move to Canada, hoping to avoid serving in what they viewed as a senseless conflict. These men cut themselves off from friends and family, unable to return to their homeland.
在越南战争期间，数千名年轻的美国男子离开自己的国家到加拿大，希望避免在他们视为一场无意义的战争服务。这些人把自己从朋友和家人，无法返回自己的家园。
People who immigrate often do so in the hope of a better future for their children and a higher standard of living. But, too often, the sacrifices of the parents are not really appreciated by the children who grow up pampered in a new society.
那些移民常常这样做，在他们的孩子一个更好的未来的希望和更高的生活标准。但是，通常父母的牺牲是不是真的长大的孩子养尊处优的新社会的赞赏。
Still, despite all the obstacles, people do immigrate, especially to growing nations such as Australia, Canada, and the United States. Throughout their short histories, these countries have been built by waves of immigration of farmers, factory workers, and trades people who escaped starvation or war in their respective homelands. A few, within a generation or two, became prosperous beyond their wildest dreams. Many countries continue to depend on immigrant labor to bring in workers not just for menial jobs, but also for new ideas and high-tech skills. Indian computer programmers, for example, are in great demand around the world.
然而，尽管所有的障碍，人们做的移民，尤其是越来越多的国家如澳大利亚，加拿大，和美国。在短暂的历史，这些国家已经由移民建立工厂的工人农民，和交易人躲过饥荒或战争在他们各自的家园。一些，在一代或两代，成为繁荣超出了他们的梦想。许多国家继续依赖于移民工人劳动带来的不只是卑微的工作，也为新的思想和技术技能。印度计算机程序员，例如，在巨大的全球需求。
Immigration often raises concerns in the country that immigrants hope to make their new homes. There are often insecure feelings over jobs, with some thinking so that each new immigrant encroaches on the wealth shared by those already there. But immigrants often bring great wealth into a country, making' it more productive and acting as consumers for goods and services.
移民往往引起国家有关移民的希望使他们的新家园。经常有不安全的感觉在工作的一些思考，使每个新移民侵占的那些已经存在的共享财富。但移民往往带来巨大的财富，成为一个国家，使它更有生产力，作为商品和服务的`消费者。
Similarly, people may find a new wave of' immigrants too foreign, not sharing in the same societal values, ideals, and customs as others in the new homeland. But these things quickly change with compromise and discoveries of delight on both sides. At the beginning of the Indian immigration in England, people found their food shockingly odd; it was so different from the traditional bland British diet. But today, Indian food has surpassed even the traditional British fish and chips as the most popular cuisine in Britain.
同样，人们可能会发现新一波的移民太外，不共享相同的社会价值观，理想，和海关在新的家园的人。但这些事情很快改变妥协与两侧欣喜的发现。在英国的印度移民开始，人们发现他们的食物非常奇怪的;它是从传统的英国饮食如此不同。但今天，印度食品已接近甚至超过了英国传统的鱼和薯条是英国最受欢迎的菜。
For whatever reason a person immigrates, he takes to his new country something more valuable than skills or a willingness to work-courage. It takes great courage for someone to take the initiative to make the difficult decision to leave the familiar behind and embark on a new life and to carve out a new future for themselves and their family. Such courage among its citizens is a lasting benefit to any country.
无论什么原因人移民，他以他的新国家更多有价值的东西比能力或愿意工作的勇气。这需要极大的勇气的人主动离开熟悉的后面，走上了一个新的生活，为自己和家人打拼崭新未来的艰难的决定。在其公民的这种勇气是任何国家的持续效益。
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