2016年3月托福考试必做真题
以下是小编整理的2016年2月27日托福考试的真题，希望对参加3月份及之后的考生提供到帮助。
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第一篇
题材划分：动物类
主要内容：动物灭绝
讲的是大型动物的灭绝。第一题问哪里的动物灭绝率高。文章讲到两个可能的因素。第一点说可能是因为气候的变化，但是有反驳说不对，动物都能迁徙到适合的地方，但事实是有些动物没走。举了一个例子，这里也有题。第二点说可能是人类的捕杀，但是有证据表明人类比较少，居住也很分散，而且大多证据都是小型动物，没有大型动物。也举了个例子，是澳大利亚，也有题。然后这段末尾有个词汇题。最后一段总结概括说其实可能两种因素都有，需综合考虑，可能是共同作用的结果。
相似TPO练习推荐：
Official Model Exam-MeteoriteImpact and Dinosaur Extinction
TPO-8 Extinction of the Dinosaurs
TPO-15 Mass Extinctions
相关背景知识：
Habitat degradation is currently the mainanthropogenic cause of species extinctions. The main cause of habitatdegradation worldwide is agriculture, with urban sprawl, logging, mining andsome fishing practices close behind. The degradation of a species' habitat mayalter the fitness landscape to such an extent that the species is no longerable to survive and becomes extinct. This may occur by direct effects, such asthe environment becoming toxic, or indirectly, by limiting a species' abilityto compete effectively for diminished resources or against new competitorspecies.
Habitat degradation through toxicity can killoff a species very rapidly, by killing all living members through contaminationor sterilizing them. It can also occur over longer periods at lower toxicitylevels by affecting life span, reproductive capacity, or competitiveness.
Habitat degradation can also take the form ofa physical destruction of niche habitats. The widespread destruction oftropical rainforests and replacement with open pastureland is widely cited asan example of this; elimination of the dense forest eliminated theinfrastructure needed by many species to survive. For example, a fern thatdepends on dense shade for protection from direct sunlight can no longersurvive without forest to shelter it. Another example is the destruction ofocean floors by bottom trawling.
Diminished resources or introduction of newcompetitor species also often accompany habitat degradation. Global warming hasallowed some species to expand their range, bringing unwelcome competition toother species that previously occupied that area. Sometimes these newcompetitors are predators and directly affect prey species, while at othertimes they may merely outcompete vulnerable species for limited resources.Vital resources including water and food can also be limited during habitatdegradation, leading to extinction.
There have been at least five massextinctions in the history of life on earth, and four in the last 350 millionyears in which many species have disappeared in a relatively short period ofgeological time. A massive eruptive event is considered to be one likely causeof the "Permian–Triassic extinction event" about 250 million yearsago, which is estimated to have killed 90% of species then existing. There isalso evidence to suggest that this event was preceded by another massextinction, known as Olson's Extinction. The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinctionevent occurred 66 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, andis best known for having wiped out non-avian dinosaurs, among many otherspecies.
第二篇
题材划分：艺术类
主要内容：活字印刷
活字印刷，第一段说活字印刷的前提有一点是造纸术，然后说造纸术从中国引进到意大利 (有题)，然后讲在意大利这个虽然纸造出来容易受损(词汇题)，但是很方便。后面讲了制作的方法(有题)，之后讲了这个技术传到了德国，并产生一些影响。举了一个例子(有题)，然后，活字印刷发明出来了，对这些造书有影响(有题)。然后说有一个圣经特别贵，只有有钱人有地位的人才能买(有题)一共只生产了187本。
相似TPO练习推荐：
TPO34-Islamic Art and the Book
相关知识背景：
Movable type is the system ofprinting and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elementsof a document (usually individual letters or punctuation).
The world's first known movable type system for printingwas made of ceramic materials and created in China around A.D 1040 by Bi Sheng(990–1051) during the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127). In 1377, the firstmetallic types were invented in Goryeo Dynasty in Korea, which were used toprint Jikji, which is the oldest extant movable metal print book. The diffusionof both movable-type systems was, however, limited. They were expensive, andrequired an enormous amount of labour involved in manipulating the thousands ofceramic tablets, or in the case of Korea, metal tablets, required for scriptsbased on the Chinese writing system, which have thousands of characters.
Around 1450 Johannes Gutenberg made a mechanical metalmovable-type printing press in Europe, along with innovations in casting thetype based on a matrix and hand mould. The more limited number of charactersneeded for European languages was an important factor. Gutenberg was the firstto create his type pieces from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony—and thesematerials remained standard for 550 years.