托福考试语法题精选
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1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.
(A) A
(B) It is a
(C) Although a
(D) There is a
答案：A
测试点：冠词.
分析：ratchet (棘轮机构)是名词，名词前应加冠词，故选(A).
2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.
(A) such
(B) more
(C) as
(D) than
答案：C
测试点：介词.
分析：”作为政治家“要说as a politician，故选(C).前文as an architect可作为线索.动词rival (比得上，相比)在词意上也决定了前后两部分应相同结构.
3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.
(A) it grows
(B) what grows
(C) does it grow
(D) what does it grow
答案：B
测试点：what引导的名词从句。
分析：depend on后接名词性的成份。答案中(B)是名词从句，做介词on的宾语.(A)是主谓结构但并非名词从句，不能作宾语，(C)是问句形式，(D)结构错误.
4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.
(A) bridge-building
(B) building of bridges
(C) building a bridge
(D) bridges are built
答案：A
测试点：定语.
分析：materials是名词，前面要用形容词性的词来修饰它.(A)是分词，可作定语.(B)是动名词短语;(C)是动宾结构;(D)是句子;均不可作定语.
5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.
(A) Contrary to general belief
(B) General belief contrary to
(C) Belief contrary to general
(D) Contrary belief general to
答案：A
测试点：习语.
分析：contrary to+名词是.固定短语，表示“与……相反”，故选(A).
6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.
(A) Barbara Jordan’s campaign being
(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned
(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan
(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning
答案：B
测试点：复合句。
分析：Two years after引导的是时间状语从句，故逗号之后应是主谓完整的主句，即(B)。其余三句均不是主谓结构.
7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.
(A) are influenced
(B) be influenced
(C) influencing
(D) influence
答案：D
测试点：谓语.
分析：本句有主语但缺谓语，应在答案中选择能充当谓语的动词形式，即(D).(A)是被动语态，与句意不合;(B)(C)不能单独作谓语.
8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s ---is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
(A) occurs
(B) will occur
(C) can occur
(D) occurring
答案：D
测试点：动名词.
分析：’s是名词的所有格形式，后接名词性成份.答案(D)是动名词，可接在’s后，其余均不可。
9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle of capillary action.
(A) All lamps early
(B) Lamps all early
(C) All early lamps
(D) Early all lamps
答案：C
测试点：主语/词序.
分析：本句缺主语，应从答案中选择名词或名词组作主语.除(C)外，其余语序均错.
解题要点：指示性形容词all,many,some及any均应放在一般修饰性形容词前面.
10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called “the census taker of the sky.”
(A) a leading astronomer who
(B) who, as a leading astronomer,
(C) was a leading astronomer
(D) a leading astronomer,
答案：D
测试点：同位语.
分析：主语后面用逗号隔开的部分，常常是主语的同位语.应在答案中选择说明主语身份的名词性成份，即(D).(A)(B)后接从句;(C)多了动词.
11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
(C) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress
答案：D
测试点：“the+比较级the+比较级”结构。
分析：看到the less…，应想到这是the+加比较级的句式。应在答案中选择相同的结构，即(D)the greater….
解题要点;此平列比较级句型是TOEFL常考题型，应注意两个比较的部分要结构相同.
12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.
(A) how
(B) of
(C) by which
(D) for it
答案：C
测试点：介词+which结构.
分析：空格前后均为主谓完整的句子，说明这是复合句.主、从句中间应填入接两句的连词.(C) by which意为by the standard.(A)虽为连词，但意思不通.(B)为介词，(D)多主语it。
13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
(A) coolest
(B) the coolest
(C) cooler
(D) the cooler
答案：C
测试点：比较级.
分析：以than为线索，推知句中用了比较级，句词weather前所缺为比较级形式的形容词.答案(C)是形容词比较级的.正确形式.(A)(B)为最高级;(D)多了the.
14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.
(A) far too
(B) far and
(C) so far
(D) as far as
答案：A
测试点：too…to…结构.
分析：这一结构也是TOEFL常考的题型.注意副词too前面可以用表示程度的词来修饰，如：far，much等.
15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.
(A) because
(B) if
(C) when
(D) and
答案：D
测试点：连词。
分析：句中conducts…和burns…是并列的谓语，应在答案中选择表示并列关系的连词。即(D)(A)表示原因，(B)表示假设关系，(C)表示时间，句意均不通，而且这些连词引导的状语从句都缺了主语.
解题要点：在连词and连接的并列句中，如果主语为同一人或事物，第二句可省去此主语，直接连谓语动词.
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