九年级英语总复习详细教案

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九年级英语总复习详细教案

　　教案都必须要对每个课题或每个课时的各个内容经过周密考虑，精心设计而确定下来，体现着很强的计划性。接下来应届毕业生考试网小编为大家搜索整理了九年级英语总复习详细教案，希望对大家有所帮助。

九年级英语总复习详细教案

　　一、目标再现

　　1.能够熟练运用所学知识来谈论"运动"，特别是一些和生活密切相关的运动项目。

　　2.掌握本单元的有关"water sports"的单词和短语，能听、说、读部分地名，重点掌握 no mater，both…and…，all over等短语或习惯用语的用法。

　　3.进一步学习现在完成时态，特别注意它与already，just，yet，very等词的连用，同时能够区别它们的用法。

　　4.能够熟练运用现在完成时态，用它来表达由过去开始，和现在相联系的动作或影响，能够区别一般过去时与现在完成时的不同。

　　5.运用本单元所学知识来描述某一运动。如：the Olympic Games或surfing或diving等。

　　二、重点难点解析

　　1.What's the surfing like today? 今天冲浪怎么样?

　　surf作名词，意为"拍岸之浪，拍岸浪花";作动词用，意为"冲浪，作冲浪运动"。surfing是surf的动名词形式，surfer意为"冲浪者，冲浪运动员"。surfing是一项水上运动，水上运动的项目还有water-skiing滑水，water polo水球，dive跳水，Swim游泳。

　　2.Have you ever been to Hawaii? 你去过夏威夷吗?

　　have been to. . .意思是"到过，去过"，表示曾到过某地，但此时人已不在那儿了。而have gone to…意思是"去了某地"，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那个地方了，而不在说话人处。例如：

　　(1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾经去过香港吗?

　　(2)Jim has gone to England. 吉姆去英国了。

　　(3)Where is Lily? Has she gone to the library? 莉莉在哪儿?她去图书馆了吗?

　　3.The beaches there are better than the ones here 中的the ones如何理解和使用?

　　这里的ones代表前面出现beaches。one用于表示前面同名称的一类事物。ones表示复数概念。例如：

　　-Have you a watch? -Yes, I have a good one.

　　一你有表吗?一有，我有一块好表。

　　-Have you got any pens? -Yes, I have got many good ones.

　　一你有钢笔吗?一有，我有许多好钢笔。

　　注意：在用one(ones)作代词时，有几点要慎重：

　　①序数词不能用one代替，伴有基数词的名词可用one，ones代替。例如：

　　As we have finished the first chapter, now we'll read the second.

　　我们读完了第一章，现在读第二章了。

　　(不能将 the second改为 one)

　　He has two red pencils and two blue ones.

　　他有两支红铅笔和两支蓝铅笔。

　　②it(them)和one(ones)同是作代词，代替前面出现的事，但用法不同。

　　让用于同名称的同样事物;one用于同名称的另一样东西。例如：

　　-Have you still the radio set? -No. I have sold it.

　　一你有收音机吗?一没有，我把它卖了。

　　(这里的订是指前面的the radio set，它们是同一个无线电收音机。)

　　-Is this fountain pen yours? -No, it is my sister's. Mine is the one on the table.

　　一这支自来水钢笔是你的吗?一不，它是我姐姐的。我的是桌上那一支。

　　(这里的one不是前面的那支fountain pen，它们不是同一支自来水钢笔。)

　　-Do you want the watch? -Yes, I want it.

　　一你要买那块表吗?一想买那块表。

　　(同一块表，it即：the watch)

　　-What are pandas like? -I've never seen one, so I don't know what they are like.

　　一熊猫是什么样的?一我从来没见到过，所以不知道熊猫是什么样子。

　　(one这里泛指同类事物中的一样东西)

　　4.I don't know how to surf. 我不知道怎样冲浪。

　　how to surf是"疑问词 + 动词不定式"作宾语。英语中，"疑问词 +动词不定式"可作一些及物动词的宾语，疑问词可以是what，which，who，whose等疑问代词，也可以是when，where，how等疑问副词。可以用此结构作宾语的动词有：know，decide，find out，tell，forget，remember，see，understand等。这类简单句往往是由(含特殊疑问句变成的宾语从句的)复合句转化改写而成。例如：

　　(1)She didn't know which blouse to buy. ( =She didn't know which blouse she should buy.) 她不知道该买哪件衬衫。

　　(2)I'm thinking about what to say. ( =I'm thinking about what I should say. ) 我在考虑说什么。

　　5.Now it is enjoyed by people all over the world. 现在全世界的人都喜欢这项运动。

　　is enjoyed是被动语态，by people all over the world 被全世界的人。这一句也可改写成： People all over the world enjoy it now.

　　6.It's neither too hot nor too cold all the year round. 全年天气既不太冷也不太热。

　　neither… nor… 既不……也不……，它们可以用来连接相同的两个句子成分或词类。如果连接的是主语，则谓语与第二个主语保持一致。

　　例：(1) He isn't a student. I'm not a student.

　　Neither he nor I am a student.

　　(2) He doesn't speak French. He doesn't speak Japanese.

　　He speaks neither French nor Japanese.

　　Neither…nor的完全肯定形式是：both…and或not only…but also。

　　但both…and如连接主语，则谓语动词用复数，not only…but also与第二个主语保持一致。

　　例：He likes singing. I like singing, too.

　　Both he and I like singing. ( =Not only he but also I like singing. )

　　7. Li Lida, a 12-year-old schoolboy first tried to cross the Qiongzhou Channel in June, 2000.

　　在2000年6月，一个12岁的男生李立达第一次试着横渡琼州海峡。

　　(1)21-year-old在这里可以看作是一个合成词，作形容词用，用来修饰schoolboy。在英语中，"数字+量词"构成的复合形容词，中间要加连字符号，量词用单数形式。

　　例如：100-metre race 一百米赛跑。

　　two-month holiday两个月的假期。

　　试比较：The boy is five years old.

　　He s a five-year-old boy.

　　(2)cross为动词，是"越过、穿过"的意思。意思相近的词有：through(prep).穿过，指从……(内部或空间)中穿行，across(prep).横过，指从物体的表面由这边到另一边。另外，through可作副词用。

　　cross与across含义基本相同，但cross是动词。over也可表示"横过;通过"，着重强调越过某物，从高空中越过。

　　例：(1)Jack was through with the English test.

　　杰克通过了这次英语测试。

　　(2)The old lady crossed the street carefully and slowly.

　　那老妇人慢慢地、小心地走过街去。

　　(3)The ship passed through the bridge.

　　轮船过了桥。(从桥下穿过)

　　(4)The boy climbed over the wall to get his ball.

　　那男孩爬过墙去取球。

　　(5)The blind man walked across the street slowly.

　　那盲人慢慢地走过街道。

　　8.His teacher, Mr Feng, spoke highly of his students 中的speak highly of ?

　　这里的speak highly of是指"高度评价"，"赞扬"的意思。例如：

　　The teachers present all spoke highly of his spirits.

　　在场的老师都称赞他的精神。

　　We should speak highly of his saving the girl in the cold water against the risk of his life.

　　他冒着生命危险，在寒冷的水中救出这个女孩子，应该受到赞颂。

　　He was spoken highly of by the girl's parents.

　　他受到了女孩子父母的赞扬。

　　有关speak的一些词组：

　　speak ill of 说……坏话

　　speak for 充当……代言人

　　speak for oneself 为自己辩护

　　speak sb fair 对某人彬彬有礼说话

　　to speak of 值得一提(常用于否定句中)

　　9.He is not only the pride of our school but also the pride of all the people in Hainan.

　　他不仅是我们学校的骄傲，也是海南全体人民的骄傲。

　　not only…but also意思是"不仅……而且"，应连接相同的语法成分。当连接主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则，即随后面的主语而定。例如：

　　(l)Not only you but also your father is coming. 不但你，而且你父亲也要来。(连接主语)

　　(2)Jane is not only beautiful but also kind. 珍妮不但漂亮，而且人非常好。(连接表语)

　　(3)He plays not only the piano but also the violin. 他不仅弹钢琴，还拉小提琴。(连接宾诺)

　　(4)They not only sing but also dance. 他们不但唱还跳。(连接谓语)

　　10.no matter +what/who/which/when/where /how

　　无论……。No matter这个词组可以用来接两个分句，不能只用于一个分句。另外，no matter后面用的是现在时，其含义却是将来。

　　No matter what you say, I won't believe you.

　　无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。(解释是没有用的)

　　No matter who telephones, say I'm out. 无论谁打电话来，都说我出去了。

　　No matter when you come, you'll be more than welcome.

　　无论你什么时候来，你都会受到热烈地欢迎。

　　No matter how hard you try, you'll never lose your English accent.

　　无论你怎么努力，你都不会改掉你的英文口音。

　　11. none，neither

　　none一般指三者或三者以上"都不"，是代词all的反义词。当谈到两个人或两件事的时候，不用non，而用nether，意思是"两者都不"，是代词both的反义词。none和none of作主语时，谓语动词即可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。当表示一个人或物"都不"时，一般用单数形式;当表示所有的人或物"都不"时，一般用复数形式。当它在非正式的文体中更常用复数形式。neither，neither of作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但如果是neither…nor…"既不……也不;两者都不"作主语时，谓语动词根据nor后面的主语而定(也称为邻近原则)。

　　None of her students are/is here.她的学生中没有一个在这里。

　　None of those buses go to Tianjin.

　　那些公共汽车没有一辆是开到天津去的。

　　Neither of her parents helps her. 她的父母都不帮助她。

　　Neither of the two boys is right. 这两个男孩没一个对。

　　Neither Tom nor I have been to New York.

　　汤姆和我都没去过纽约。

　　Neither you nor he has come home early. 你和他都未早回家。

　　12. journey和trip的区别

　　(1)journey适用范围很广，可指陆路、海程或飞程。但在距离较短时一般不用这个词。

　　It's over 40-hour journey by train from Beijing to Yunnan.

　　从北京到云南乘火车需要四十多小时的路程。

　　Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快!

　　(2)trip严格说来指"短途旅行"，目的可以是公事或娱乐。但在日常用语中也可与 journey互换。

　　We're planning to make a trip to the Great Wall.

　　我们正计划去长城游览一次。

　　三、典型例题解答与分析

　　1. It was dark, but they went on ______. They never work so late, though they worked late last night. Now they are not working, they are having a rest.

　　A. work B. to work C. worked D. working

　　分析与解答：go on doing sth.意为"继续做某事"，go on to do sth.意为"接着做另外一件事"。根据题意，本题答案为D。例如：He didn't have a rest but went on running. 他没有休息而是继续跑了。

　　2. - Who jumps _____in your class?

　　- Li Ming. He cleared the 1.6 meter ban last week.

　　A. high B. highest C. the most highly D. tallest

　　分析与解答 high表示"高的，高地"，既可以作形容词又可以作副词。highly adv. 表示："高度的，高尚的"等， think highly of somebody 意思是器重某人，speak highly of somebody意思是"称赞某人"。在这里表示跳得高，只要用 high就可以，又根据in the class所以用最高级，选B。tall主要用来表示形容人或物的高低。

　　3. 根据句意选择合适的词语填空。

　　1). The important thing is to be good at ______.

　　We must ______ this problem carefully, (study, learn)

　　2). When you _______a street, you must walk _______it quickly and not run. (cross, across)

　　3). During this holiday, I'm going to make a long _______ with my family. (journey, trip)

　　4). My son is my ________. He can speak English very well.

　　I'm ______of knowing the football star. (pride, proud)

　　5). The children have ______made a snowman. They are singing and dancing around it.

　　The children made a snowman ______. (just, just now)

　　6). ______ Tom ______ I are happy to be your students.

　　______ Tom ______ I am good at painting. (both…and…, neither…nor…)

　　答案

　　1).learning study(我们必须认真研究这个问题。研究用study。)

　　2).Cross, across(第一个空需要一个动词，而第二个空由于前面有动词walk所以需要一个介词。)

　　3).journey(长途旅行用journey)

　　4).pride(意思是我的儿子是我的骄傲。用名词。)proud(我以认识那位球星为荣。用be proud of句型。)

　　5).just(第一句是现在完成时的句子，所以用just表示刚堆完雪人，不强调具体什么时间堆，而主要强调雪人堆完后现在孩子们的心情。)just now(第二句动词用过去时，强调过去的具体某个时间做的这件事。译文是：孩子们刚才堆的雪人。)

　　6).both…and…(此句关键词是are和students。Both…and…做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。)neither…nor…(此句关键词是am。因为这个词组做生语时谓语动词根据紧挨着的人称而定。所以nor后面的主语是I因此动词用am。)

　　四、习题精选

　　Ⅰ.根据句意和首字母补全单词。

　　1. Henry often goes surfing and he is a good s______.

　　2. Hangzhou is f______ for silk.

　　3. I think surfing is the most interesting a______ the water sports.

　　4. I hope that one day surfing will be an event of the O______ Games.

　　5. We are very p______ of our son.

　　答案：1. surfer 2. famous 3. among 4. Olympic 5. proud

　　Ⅱ.根据句意，找出与句中画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。

　　1. I'm not full. I want another two cakes. A. other two B. two more C. two many

　　2. We have never learned about such a thing. A. listened to B. heard C. heard of

　　3. The villagers go out for work all the year round.

　　A. the whole year B. all the year C. whole the year

　　4. Lei Feng came from a poor family. A. was born in B. born in C. is from D. is born in

　　5. I met an old friend while I was going home.

　　A. on my way to home B. to my way home C. on my way home D. on my home way

　　答案：1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C

　　Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空。

　　1. The waves in Hawaii are _____ in the world. (high)

　　2. During his study in England, he works in a restaurant as a_____. (wait)

　　3. I was ______ tonight because I saw an ______ film. (excite).

　　4. I think Waikiki is one of the best _______for racing boats in Honolulu. (beach )

　　5. Every morning you can find many people ______ their bikes to workplace. (ride)

　　6. Every year, water sports attract large numbers of ______(tour) to the islands.

　　答案：1. the highest 2. waiter 3. excited, exciting 4. beaches 5. riding 6. tourists

　　Ⅳ. 选择填空

　　1. ______ is one of the water sports.

　　A. Water-ski B. Water-skiing C. Water-sking D. Watering-skiing

　　2. The film is very ____. Tom is very ____.

　　A. exciting, excited B. excited, exciting C. exciting, exciting D. excited, excited

　　3. ____the weather will be like tomorrow, we II go surfing.

　　A. No matter how B. No matter what's C. No matter what D. No matter if

　　4. The river near our village is about ____long.

　　A. three-hundreds-metres B. three-hundred-metre

　　C. three-hundred-metres D. three hundred metres

　　5. He has not had a night ____for two weeks, but he still feels ____.

　　A. off, happy B. away, happily C. off, happily D. away, happy

　　6. It makes him ____. A. feel angrily B. feel angry C. to feel angry D. feeling angry

　　7. It's ____good food that we all like it very much. A. so a B. such a C. so D. such

　　8. When you ____the street, you must look first. A. across B. go cross C. cross D. goes across

　　9. Look! Mrs. Green is talking ____the students of Class I on the ground.

　　A. among B. in the middle of C. between D. at

　　10. Her teacher thinks ____other. A. high B. highly C. well D. good

　　11. Lei Feng is the ____of all the people in China. A. pride B. proud C. prideful D. proudly

　　12. -Have you finished your homework______? -No, not______.

　　A. already, already B. yet, yet C. already, yet D. yet, already

　　13. Neither you or he ______ Hawaii before.

　　A. has gone to B. have gone to C. have been to D. has been to

　　14. Xi'an is very famous ______Terra Cotta Warriors. A. to B. of C. in D. for

　　15. Bruce has lived here ______last year. A. / B. for C. before D. since

　　16. Waikiki is one of the best beaches ______ surfing in Honolulu. A. to B. for C. with D. in

　　17. I've never ______ him before. A. heard of B. hear from C. heard to D. hear of

　　18. They were very proud______ their daughter. A. for B. of C. with D. about

　　19. Then he slowed ______ as the wind became stronger and the waves higher.

　　A. under B. below C .down D .slowly

　　20. All of us except him _______ to Beijing. A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been

　　答案：1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B

　　11. A 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C

　　Ⅴ.完成句子

　　1.游泳是夏天最受欢迎的运动之一。____ is ____ ____ the ____ ____ sports in summer.

　　2.他找到了一个晚上在餐馆做服务员的工作。He ____ a job ____ a ____ in a ____ at night.

　　3.我们中没一个到过旧金山。____ of ____ ____ ____ to San Francisco.

　　4.虽然他很累，他仍继续坚持工作。____ he was very tired, he still ____ ____ ____.

　　5.无论你去那儿，都会看到可口可乐。______ ______where you go, you'll find Coca-Cola.

　　答案：1.Swimming, one, of, most, popular 2. found, as, waiter, restaurant

　　3. None, us, has/ have, been 4. Although, went, on, working 5. No, matter

　　Ⅵ.改写下列句子。

　　1. I've never been to the Capital Cinema, ______ _____? (改选择疑问句)

　　2. An elephant is a kind of strong and big animal. (就画线部分提问)

　　_____ ______ ______ animal is an elephant?

　　3. We had done that already. (变一般疑问句子) ______ ______ done that ______?

　　4. Mary won the race. Tom won the race, too. ____ Mary ____ Tom ____ the race.

　　5. I really don't know how I can mend the bike. I really don't know____ ____ ____ the bike.

　　6. He isn't a teacher. He isn't a worker. He is _____ a teacher _____ a worker.

　　答案：1. have, I 2. What, kind, of 3. Have, you, yet

　　4. Both, and, won 5. how, to, mend 6. neither, nor

　　Ⅶ. 补全对话，每空一词。

　　A: Hello, Are you free this weekend?

　　B: Nothing ______,why ?

　　A: Look at the sun and the wave is great. We're going to surf on Bondi Beach. Would you like to ______with us?

　　B: That's wonderful. But I ____ ____before. And I don't know ____ ____surf at all.

　　A: Don't be afraid. I'll ______you.

　　B: Thanks, but is it too hard ______me?

　　A: Not too hard. You just need ______ ______.

　　B: I'm sure it will be fun! And maybe I'll become a good surfer.

　　答案：much, go, haven't surfed, how, to, show, for, more, practice

　　Ⅷ. 完形填空

　　Swimming is very popular in summer. People like swimming in summer because water makes them 1 cool. If you like swimming but swim in a 2 place, it may not be safe. These years, more than ten people 3 while they were enjoying themselves in the water and 4 of them were students. But some people are 5 not careful in swimming. They often think they swim so 6 that nothing can happen to them in water. Summer is here again. If you go swimming in summer, don't forget 7 better swimmers have died in water. They died because they were not careful, not because they 8 swim. So don't get into water when you are alone. 9 there is a "No Swimming" sign, don't get into water, 10 . If you remember these, swimming will be safer.

　　1. A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 2. A. difficult B. wrong C. right D. small

　　3. A. have died B. die C. died D. will die 4. A. much B. more C. lot D. most

　　5. A. still B. already C. yet D. even 6. A. will B. often C. fast D. hard

　　7. A. what B. who C. which D. that 8. A. needn't B. wouldn't C. couldn't D. musn't

　　9. A. Because B. If C. Whether D. Though 10. A. also B. nor C. either D. too

　　答案：1. D 2. B 3.C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C

　　Ⅸ. 阅读理解

　　Almost everybody likes to play. All over the world men and women, boys and girls enjoy sports. Sports help people to keep healthy. They help people to live happily.

　　Sports change with the seasons. People play different games in winters and summers. Sailing is fun in warm weather, but skating is good in winter.

　　Games and sports often grow out of the work people do. The Arabs are famous for their horses and camels. They use them in their work, and they use them in their sports events, too. Hunting and fishing are very good sports-but millions of people hunt and fish for a living.

　　People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game on the sports field, they often become good friends. Sports help to train(训练)a person's character(性格). One learns to fight fair and hard, to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面) .

　　( ) 1 . Which of the following is not true?

　　A. Sports help people to keep healthy. B. Sports help people to live happily.

　　C. Sports help to train a person's character. D. Sports can make people become enemies. (敌人)

　　( ) 2. A The word "enjoy" in the sentence. "All over the world men and women, boys and girls enjoy sports." means ____.

　　A. dislike B. go in for C. be afraid of D. support

　　( ) 3. People from different countries often become good friends ____.

　　A. as soon as they meet B. after they understand

　　C. after they play a game on the sports field D. before they see each other

　　( ) 4. Which of the following is true?

　　A. Lots of people make a living by hunting and fishing. B. People only go hunting in winter.

　　C. The Arabs are good hunters. D. Hunting and fishing are very good for the people.

　　( ) 5. The writer tells us ____.

　　A. one should fight hard but not fair. B. one should fight fair but not hard.

　　C. one should not become proud when he wins. D. one should not feel happy when he wins.

　　答案：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C

　　Skin-diving is a new sport today. This sport takes you into a wonderful new world. It is like a visit to the moon! When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks, because you are no longer heavy.

　　Here, under water, everything is blue and green. During the day, there is enough light. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands.

　　When you have tanks of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. But you must be careful when you dive in deep water.

　　To catch fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport. Besides (而且), there are most uses for skin-diving. You can clean ships without taking them out of the water. You can get many things from the deep sea.

　　Now you see that skin-diving is both useful and interesting.

　　1. Skin-diving will take you to ______.

　　A. the moon B. be in danger C. mountains D. the deep sea

　　2. You can climb the big rocks under water because ______.

　　A you are stronger B. the fish nearby help you

　　C. you are not as heavy as on the land D. there is a lot of light

　　3. Under water, a skin-diver _______in the day- time.

　　A. can see everything clearly B. can't see anything clearly

　　C. can see nothing D. can see only fishes

　　4. With a tank of air on your back, you can ______.

　　A. catch fish very easily B. stay under water for a long time

　　C. be in safe place D. have more fun

　　5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

　　A. Skin-diving is a new sport. B. Skin-diving is like visiting the moon.

　　C. The only use of skin-diving is to have more fun.

　　D. Skin-diving is both interesting and useful.

　　答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C

　　Ⅹ.书面表达

　　你刚从海南岛假回来，享受了阳光，沙滩，冲浪，美食……根据本单元所学的内容，用英语写一篇大约50字左右的短文。

　　五、布置作业

　　1、预习第三单元

　　2、完成练习

　　3、摘录疑难问题

　　六、课后反思

　　初三英语知识结构

　　1、单词和词组：掌握一定量的词汇是学好英语的重要保证。大部分英语单词的拼写和读音还是有规律可循的，同学们还可以根据词缀及词性的变化，迅速记忆单词，不规则的变化要特别记忆。总之，一定要知其音，明其形，懂其义，做到词不离句，词汇的学习才会有实效。

　　2、语法：要学好英语，不掌握语法是不行的。但到了初三年级，光听老师讲语法规则，或者只背诵语法规则，那也是学不好英语的。比较有效的方法是在老师讲解后，同学们通过一定量的语法操练，在句中或文章中体会和理解语法。对某些语法要点和难点，要通过对基本句型的举一反三操练后，才能很好掌握。

　　3、阅读：到了初三，文本的阅读篇幅要长些，同学们就会因词汇量不够，或对语法知识的掌握不够，或因知识面较窄等因素，影响文本的阅读理解。同学们可以定期定量进行文本阅读训练，题材要丰富，内容要新颖，做阅读理解时，不能太随意，要限定时间;不要每逢新词汇就查字典，要学会通过上下文猜测词义。可采用泛读与精读相结合的方法来训练和提高自己的阅读能力。

　　4、写作：不仅要注意语言结构正确、合理，用词恰当，拼法准确，还要注意表达通顺，句子优美。同学们可利用课余时间背诵一些特定的句型和优美句子。

　　拓展阅读：初三英语-语法知识

　　（一）形容词和副词

　　I．要点

　　A．形容词

　　1、形容词的用法

　　形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：

　　He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.

　　某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：

　　The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

　　The English like to be with their families.

　　多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：

　　冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如： the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

　　2、形容词比较等级的形式

　　（1）规则形式

　　一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：

　　great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)most important

　　（2）不规则形式

　　good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least

　　（3）形容词比较等级的用法

　　①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：

　　He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one.

　　②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如：

　　He is the cleverest boy in his class.

　　③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：

　　He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you.

　　④ 越… 越…

　　例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.

　　⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

　　又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

　　你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。

　　⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.

　　那一天是最令我担心的一天。

　　I have never had a better dinner.

　　这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。

　　⑦ My English is no better than yours.

　　我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。

　　B．副词

　　1、副词的种类

　　（1）时间副词如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

　　（2）地点副词如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

　　（3）方式副词如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

　　（4）程度副词如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

　　2、副词比较等级的用法

　　其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：

　　Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

　　We must work harder.

　　3、某些副词在用法上的区别

　　（1） already, yet, still

　　already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：

　　We've already watched that film.

　　I haven't finished my homework yet.

　　He still works until late every night.

　　（2） too, as well, also, either

　　too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：

　　He went there too.

　　He didn't go there either.

　　I like you as well.

　　I also went there.

　　(3) hard, hardly

　　hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：

　　I work hard every day.

　　I can hardly remember that.

　　(4) late, lately

　　lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：

　　He never comes late.

　　Have you been to the museum lately?

　　II．例题

　　例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

　　A high enough B tall enough

　　C enough high C enough tall

　　解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。

　　例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

　　A When I take more medicine

　　B The more medicine I take

　　C Taking more of the medicine

　　D More medicine taken

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。

　　例3"I haven't been to London yet".

　　"I haven't been there ____".

　　A too B also C either D neither

　　解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。

　　例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

　　A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

　　解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。

　　（二）介词

　　I．要点

　　1、介词和种类

　　（1）简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。

　　（2）复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

　　2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系

　　（1）和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。

　　（2）和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

　　（3）和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

　　3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：

　　He came right after dinner.

　　He lives directly opposite the school.

　　4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

　　（1） at, on, in（表时间）

　　表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

　　指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

　　指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

　　（2） between, among（表位置）

　　between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如

　　I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

　　The village lies between three hills.

　　among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：

　　He is the best among the students.

　　（3） beside, besides

　　beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如： He sat beside me. What do you want besides this?

　　（4）in the tree, on the tree

　　in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

　　（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

　　on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道 by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

　　（6）in the corner, at the corner

　　in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

　　（7）in the morning, on the morning

　　in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

　　（8）by bus, on the bus

　　by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆.

　　关于初三英语知识点的用法

　　㈠动词+名词性后缀→名词派生词

　　主要名词性后缀有：

　　① -er，例如：painter(画家);writer(作家)。

　　② -or，例如：actor(演员);sailor(水手)。

　　③ -ant，例如：attendant(侍者);dependant (受赡养者)。

　　④ -ent，例如：resident(居民);propellent(推进物)。

　　⑤ -ist，例如：typist(打字员);copyist(誊写员)。

　　⑥ -ment，例如：excitement(紧张);amazement(惊奇)。

　　⑦ -t，例如restraint(控制);complaint(投诉)。

　　⑧ -ture，例如：fixture(固定状态);mixture(混合物)。

　　⑨ -ion/-tion，例如：celebration(庆祝);intention(意向)。

　　⑩ -al，例如：renewal(更新);approval(赞许)。

　　㈡形容词+名词性后缀→名词派生词这类名词性后缀包括：

　　① -ness，例如：goodness, happiness.

　　② -y/ty/ity，例如：difficulty, certainty, majority.

　　③ -th，例如：truth, warmth.

　　④ -ce/cy，例如：patience, urgency.

　　㈢名词+形容词性后缀→形容词派生词。主要形容词性后缀有：

　　-ial, -n, -al, -ese, -ary, -ful, -ly, -y, -ous, -ish, -ic, -less 等。例如：industrial(工业的);Asian(亚洲的); emotional(情绪的);Chinese(华人的);disciplinary(纪律的);careful(小心的);friendly(友善的);stormy(有风浪的);dangerous(危险的);childish(幼稚的);economic(经济上的);useless(无用的)。

　　㈣动词+形容词性后缀→形容词派生词

　　这里的形容词后缀有“-ent/-ant, -able/-ible, -ive/-tive” 等。例如：dependent, observant; agreeable, sensible; attractive, attentive.

　　㈤名词+动词性后缀→动词派生词

　　常用的动词性后缀是：“-en, -ise/-ize, -fy, -ate”等。例如：frighten, threaten; apologise, standardise; classify, beautify; originate, motivate.

　　㈥形容词+动词性后缀→动词派生词

　　这里的后缀有两个，即：-ise/-ize和-en,例如：modernise, realise; brighten, weaken.

　　㈦形容词/名词+副词性后缀“-ly”→副词派生词

　　如：successfully, carefully, angrily, quickly; daily, monthly, yearly.

　　常见的情况有下面 4 种：

　　㈠当疑问代词或疑问副词作为介词的宾语时

　　理论上要在介词后面出现，但在实际用法上，它被转移到疑问句前头，介词则留在句尾。例如：

　　① What are you dreaming of?

　　② Where are you from?

　　①不能改为“Are you dreaming of what?”也不能是“Of what are you dreaming?”②不是“Are you from where?”，更不是“ From where are you?”

　　㈡介词不能移到限定性形容词分句中的关系代词

　　(the relative pronoun in the restricted adjective clause)之前;因此，我们可以③表示心意，但不能用④这样的句子：

　　③ Is this the book that you asked me for?

　　④ Is this the book for that you asked me?

　　同样的，⑤是对的，⑥是错的：

　　⑤ This is the goal that we are striving towards.

　　⑥ This is the goal towards that we are striving.

　　㈢在不可分开的片语动词(the inseparable phrasal verb)里，如果介词在句尾，也只好随遇而安，不便移动。例如：

　　⑦ This is something which I refuse to put up with.

　　⑧ Such a matter should be immediately dealt with.

　　⑨ An 8% increase in salary is not to be sniffed at.

　　⑩ The rising cost is really a thing to be reckoned with.

　　㈣当带介词的不定式动词修饰名词而又出现在句尾时，这介词只好保留在原位。例如：

　　11. David is a nice person to work with.

　　12. I like to have someone to talk to.

　　13. This is not a comfortable place to live in.

　　14. Give me a good pen to write with.

　　15. Is this a box to put coins in?

　　16. There is some useful information for you to refer to.

　　综上所述，英语介词不但可以在句尾出现，有时还非在句尾不可!

　　除了所举的情况之外，尽量避免把介词放在句尾。例如17-19虽没有什么问题，但不如20-22好和自然：

　　17. Can you tell me whom do you share your office with?

　　18. This is the last way which the idea can be pushed through.

　　19. What reason have you chosen this scheme for?

　　20. Can you tell me with whom do you share your office?

　　21. This is the best way through which the idea can be pushed.

　　22. For what reason have you chosen this scheme?

　　主动语态比被动语态直接而有力，多用主动语态，可以使文章充满朝气，呈现活力。在下列两组句子中， (b)比(a)有力：

　　(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

　　b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

　　(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

　　b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

　　虽然如此，在某些情况下，非用被动语态不可。前此已提过这事，这里不再重述。这里只有指出其中一点，就是有些动词，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被动语态形式出现。

　　例如：

　　(1)This survey was based on facts.

　　(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

　　(3)You are expected to come on time.

　　(4)All are supposed to work hard.

　　除了上述这些动词之外，还有十种，几乎都以被动式出现。

　　(一)有关“疾病”的动词，如：

　　(1)Helen's left lung is infected.

　　(2)He is confined to the house by illness.

　　(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

　　(二)有关“疲乏”的动词，如：

　　(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.

　　(5)Tom was done up after the race.

　　(三)有关“喜乐”的动词，如：

　　(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.

　　(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.

　　(8) I am very pleased to see you here.

　　(四)有关“延迟”或“障碍”的动词，如：

　　(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

　　(10)The road was blocked by ice.

　　(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

　　(五)有关“惯性动作”的动词，如：

　　(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.

　　(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

　　(六)有关“烦恼”或“焦急”的动词，如：

　　(14)Who was upset by John?

　　(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.

　　(七)有关“惊奇”或“震惊”的动词，如：

　　(16) I was surprised to see him here.

　　(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.

　　(八)有关“包围”的动词，如：

　　(18)The troops were surrounded.

　　(19)Troy was besieged.

　　(九)有关“沾污”或“污化”的动词，如：

　　(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.

　　(21)The water was contaminated with oil.

　　(十)有关“害怕”或“混乱”的动词，如：

　　(22)All were frightened out of their wits.

　　(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.

　　要注意的一点是，上面这十类动词有些已渐渐失去了动词力量，转化为惯用语。

　　例如：(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.

　　(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.

　　(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.

　　从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如：

　　(4) He said that he did not want to go .

　　(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.

　　(6) You may come if you want to.

　　上述连词的用法，看起来不难，但错误也难免。下面是些好例子：

　　(1) This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.

　　这里的“as well as”和“both”不能搭配，应该将“as well ”改为“and”，使“both……and……”变成关联连词( correlative conjunction)

　　(2) He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.

　　这里的“not only”应该移到“speaks”后面，使这个动词兼顾两个等立宾语：“Mandarin”和“English”。

　　(3) Although he is fat, but he is very weak.

　　英语里的“although”和“but”是不见面的，因此这句里的“ but”要去掉，不然“although”就要出来。

　　(4) Jim is not so strong like you.

　　这里的“not so”必须和“as”连成一体;介词“like”是不适宜的。

　　(5) No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.

　　"No sooner"必须和"than" 配成关联连词，把"than" 省掉是不对的，应该补上：

　　No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.

　　这句子的意思也可透过“as soon as”反映出来：

　　“As soon as we reached our destination, they left.”

　　(6) I took a taxi and which took me to the station.

　　这里的并列连词“and”是多余的，必须去掉。如果要保留“and ”也可，但是形容词分句里的关系代词“Which”要改成主语“it” ，使整个句子变成并列分句如下：

　　I took a taxi and it took me to the station.

　　(7) My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.

　　这里的“and”应该用来连接最后两个谓语才对：

　　My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.

　　不然，就要把“said”改成“saying”。

　　My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.

　　1.Over / above "Over"和"above"这两个介词的意思是在…….上面。“我们可以说(1)The sky is above our heads,也可以说(2)The sky is over our heads.我们也可以说(3)He Spread his handkerchief over his face.但不能说(4)He spread his handkerchief above his face. 同样的，可以说(5)John has travelled all over the world以及 (6)The King reigns over a great empire，但是(5)和(6)里的 "over"却不可以"above"取代。

　　2.bring / take "Bring"和"take"的意思相同，但用法并不一样。 "Bring"指东西向说话的人的方向去，如： (7) Bring me the book, please. "Take"指东西向说话的人离去，如： (8)Take the dictionary away from me . 由此可见，"bring"和"take"都表示东西要移动，只是方向不同："bring"向说话者而来;"take"向说话者而去。

　　3.Certain / sure "Certain"和"sure"都含“确定”之意，只是在句中的用法有些不同。下列第九到十一的句子都对，但第十二的句子就不行了： (9) We are certain to come to the party. / Tom is sure to come today.

　　(10) I am not certain whether I will be able to do it. / Are you sure that you will do it? (11) It is certain that Jason will leave me.

　　(12) It is sure that Jason will leave me.

　　4. rob / Steal 虽然这两个字都是及物动词，但用法不同，不可互相取代。 "Steal"的宾语通常是被偷的东西，如“钱，手表”之类。"Rob" 的宾语必须是“人”或“地方”。如： (13) A thief entered her house and stole her valuables. (14) A stranger robbed a passer-by. (15) Who robbed the bank last night? 5.chase / follow 这两个动词，一个是“追逐”，另一个是“跟随”，都是人家在前，他在后，但用起来不一样;"chase"不但是动词，也是名词，如： (16)The cat chased the mouse and caught it soon after. (17)The puplis followed the teacher to the classroom. (18)There was a thrilling car chase in the film. (19) Social unrest follows widespread unemployment. (20) I could not follow what he was saying.

　　两句中各有一个错误，即：“It's”和“Beside”;应该是“ Its”和“Besides”才对。“It's”是“it is”的缩写，“Its”才是所有代名词“它的”。“Beside”是“在旁边”，而“Besides” 才是“除此之外”。

　　像这样“形似义异”的字，在英语里相当多，稍微粗心，便会混淆不清。

　　下面是些类似的混淆词，请大家注意：

　　⒈altogether(完全地)：all together(全部)

　　(a) Dr Zhang was not altogether pleased with his salary.

　　(b) Please go all together.

　　⒉complement(辅助)：compliment(恭维)

　　(a) Different transport means complement one another very well.

　　(b) Sam complimented Helen on her assistance.

　　⒊uninterested(不感兴趣的)： disinterested(大公无私的)

　　(a) All were uninterested in the project.

　　(b) A good judge should be disinterested.