全国英语等级考试pets-5阅读历年真题
我们读书时，是别人在代替我们思想，我们只不过重复他的思想活动的过程而已，犹如儿童启蒙习字时，用笔按照教师以铅笔所写的笔画依样画葫芦一般。我们的思想活动在读书时被免除了一大部分。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的全国英语等级考试pets-5阅读历年真题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!
Part C
Answer Questions 71 to 80 by referring to the 3 articles on juvenile delinquency. Answer each question by choosing A, B or C and mark it on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once.
In which article(s) does (do) the author(s)
provide the fact that countries vary in their concept of adulthood? 71.________
mention that when dewing with juvenile delinquents，both the young offenders and society should be protected? 72._______ 73._______
present the view that youngsters in the developed countries face the same situation as their counterparts do in the developing countries? 74._______
explore the root of juvenile delinquency? 75._______
suggest that some youngsters are taken as offenders for crimes they have never committed? 76._______
advocate that children below a certain age should not be penalized for minor offences? 77._______
say that the juvenile justice system should aim at helping young people rather than simply punishing them? 78._______ 79.______
tell the reader that attempts have been made to prevent delinquents from becoming hardened criminals? 80.________
A
Impoverished young people experience society's linkage between poverty and crime from an early age. Many of them become involved with the police and the justice system simply because they appear poor or socially undesirable, or because they "look" dangerous--not because they have broken any law.
People don't have to probe very far into the backgrounds of children who wind up in police stations and courtrooms to find a common denominator: poverty. In developing countries, poverty often forces children out of the house when they are as young as 10, sometimes even younger. They may never have had the opportunity to go to school, or may have attended irregularly or been"pushed" out, their performance hindered by hunger or distance from the school. Civil unrest may have forced them to flee their rural home for the city, where they arrived without papers and be- came separated from family members or friends.
At any rate, these young people are probably living on the street, where destitution may lead them to steal from a shop, pick someone's pocket or barter the only thing they own--their bodies-- for survival.
In the industrialized countries, many young people are surrounded by wealth but live in depri- vation, taunted by the unattainable riches of a consumer society. Growing up in neighborhoods where every corner has its drug dealer, and lacking the role model of grown-ups who go to legiti- mate jobs every morning, some find it impossible to resist the temptation of the drug trade's easy money. Eventually the police catch up with them. That is often the start of a life in which they know their probation officers better than their teachers.
B
All countries have an age at which people become adults in the legal sense of the word--they can vote, sign legal contracts, marry. But the Convention on the Rights of the Child calls for coun- tries to establish a minimum age below which young people "shall be presumed not to have the ca- pacity to infringe the penal law"--in other words, an age below which they are too young to be re- sponsible for their actions and therefore too young to face criminal sanctions.
But this age varies widely, and in many cases it is far too young : The age of criminal respon- sibility is 7 years in, for example, India, Ireland, Jordan, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Su- dan, Switzerland, Tanzania and Thailand. Under common law, the age is also 7 in most US states. A child barely old enough to go to school cannot possibly have the maturity to understand the consequences of his or her behaviour.
Given that such young children can be subject to the penal code, it is all the more important that each country establish a humane and constructive juvenile justice system. Such a system is de- signed to deal with young offenders until they reach the age of adulthood. In an ideal world it
serves as a safety net, catching children who commit petty offences and, instead of locking them away, helping them learn a sense of responsibility for their actions. The system should be based on knowledge of child development. At the same time, the juvenile justice system must protect society from potentially dangerous criminals.
In many countries, a few brutal, highly publicized crimes by young people have led to public demands to lower the age at which children are held criminally responsible. Government leaders must resist the temptation to reduce the juvenile justice system to a structure for retribution designed for the rare hardened child criminal. Glib slogans like "Adult time for adult crime" betray the very people that society has failed and encourage "warehousing" of juveniles--in prisons that in reality serve as training grounds for criminals.
C
There is no question that preventing crime is preferable to punishing it. Never is that more true than in the case of juvenile delinquency, so often a cry for help from a troubled youngster.
The UN Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, known as the "Riyadh Guide- lines", recognize the importance of preventing young people from being stigmatized by the justice system. The Guidelines call for the development of measures that "avoid criminalizing and penali- zing a child for behaviour that does not cause serious damage to the development of the child or harm to others. " This statement sends a profound message: Preventing juvenile delinquency or crime is not just a matter of protecting society--its aim is to help children overcome their misdeeds and fulfill their potential. It is also less costly and more efficient for society to prevent young peo- ple from starting on criminal careers than to pay for the outcome of criminal behaviour.
Many programmers have been established to help young people. In the Canadian province of Ontario, a Reasoning and Rehabilitation Project run by probation officers helps juveniles to modify impulsive behaviour and learn alternative responses to interpersonal problems. Recidivism has fallen dramatically among the participants. In the Netherlands, Project HALT requires vandals to person- ally compensate their victims but in such a way that avoids stigmatizing them with the label of"criminal "..
THAT IS THE END OF SECTION THREE
DO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTION UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO
Part C
A
贫穷的年轻人从小就体会到了社会上贫穷和犯罪的联系。他们中的许多人与警察和司法系统扯上关系，仅仅因为他们看起来贫穷或不受社会他们的潜能。比起犯罪行为造成的影响，对社会来说，防止年轻人犯罪成本更低，也更有效。
政府已经为帮助年轻人建立了许多程序机制。在加拿大的安大略省，一位缓刑执行官在推行一个推理及康复项目，旨在帮助青少年约束冲动行为，帮助他们学习人际交往过程中出现问题后的反应。参与者中，累犯率大幅度下降。在荷兰，“暂停”项目要求破坏者亲自补偿他们的受害者，但是用这种方式，避免了他们因为“罪犯”这个标记而被污蔑。答案及解析
71.B【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中作者提到每个国家定义的成年的概念是不一样的?”。根据B篇第二段“But this age varies wide—ly，and in many cases it is far too young：The age of criminal re—sponsibility is 7 years in，for example，India，Ireland，Jordan，Ni—geria，Pakistan，South Africa，Sudan，Switzerland，Tanzania andThailand.Under common law.the age is also 7 in most US states…”可知，每个国家法定成年年龄是不一样的，也就是说各个国家对成年这个概念的定义也是不同的，故选B。
72.B【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中作者提到在处理青少年犯罪时，罪犯和社会都应该受到保护?”。根据B篇第三段最后两句“The system should be based on knowledge of child development.Atthe same time，the juvenile justice system must protect society frompotentially dangerous criminals.”可知，B篇中提到了个人和社会都应被保护不受潜在危险的罪犯的影响，故选B。
73.C【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中作者提到在处理青少年犯罪时，罪犯和社会都应该受到保护?”。根据C篇第二段第三句“…Preventing juvenile definquency or crime is not just a matter of pro—tecting society--its aim is to help children overcome their misdeedsand fulfill their potential.”可知，这篇也有提及“both the young of-fenders and society should be protected”，故选C。
74.A【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中作者提到在发达国家的青少年和在发展中国家的青少年面临着相同的问题?”。A篇第二段第二句“In developing countries，poverty often forces children OUt ofthe house when they ale as young as l0，sometimes even younger.’’和第四段第一句“In the industrialized countries，many young peo—pie are surrounded by wealth but live in deprivation，taunted by theunattainable riches of a consumer society.”前后呼应，说明不管是在工业化国家还是在发展中国家，现象都是存在的，故选A。
75.A【精析】题目问的`是“在哪篇文章中作者追溯了青少年犯罪的根源?”。根据A篇第二段第一句“People don’t have to probe veryfar into the backgrounds of children who wind up in police stationsand courtrooms to find a common denominator：poverty.”可知，归根结底，贫穷是犯罪的源头，故选A。
76.A【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中作者提到了‘将没有犯罪的青少年作为罪犯’。”由A篇第一段第二句“Many of them becomeinvolved wit}l the police and the iustice system simply because they appear poor or socially undesirable，or because they‘look’danger—ous—not because they have broken any law.”可知，一些青少年被当做罪犯，仅仅因为他们贫穷，看起来危险，而并不是他们犯法，故选A。
77.B【精析】题目问的是“哪篇文章中提倡在某一年龄之下的犯了法的孩子不应该接受法律的制裁?”。根据B篇第一段第二句“But theConvention on the Rights of the Child calls for countries to establisha minimum age below which young people‘shall be presumed not tohave the capacity to infringe the penal law’--in other words.an agebelow which they are too young to be responsible for their actionsand therefore too young to face criminal sanctions.”可知，这一建议是《儿童权利公约》提出来的，故选B。
78.B【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中提到建立青少年司法体系是为了帮助那些年轻人而不是单单的惩罚他们?”。在B篇第三段第三句中，“In an ideal world it serves as a safety net，catching chil—dren who commit petty offences and，instead of locking them away，helping them learn a sense of responsibility for their actions.”，青少年司法体系只是作为一个安全网，不是把那些犯罪的孩子给抓起来，而是帮助他们从其行为中学到责任感，故选B。
79.C【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中提到建立青少年司法体系是为了帮助那些年轻人而不是单单的惩罚他们?”。在C篇第二段第三句中，“Preventing juvenile delinquency or crime is not just a mat—ter of protecting society--its aim is to help children overcome theirmisdeeds and fulfiU their potential.”，青少年司法体系是为了帮助孩子战胜那些错误的行为，使他们的潜能得以实现，故选C：
80.C【精析】题目问的是“在哪篇文章中告诉作者有关部门为了阻止青少年犯罪演变成更加严重的犯罪已经做出了尝试。”根据C篇第三段倒数第二句“Recidivism has fallen dramatically among the par—ticipants.”，可知，经过努力，犯罪率降低了，避免了更深程度的犯罪，故选C。
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