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2015年6月大学生英语六级考试阅读题预测（二）
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the- clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m to 4 p.m the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work
built up during the week.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carded out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal day-time work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
61. The study of sleep cycle can be of practical use to places where __________.
A. strict work shifts are required to cater for the need of automatic machines
B. working at night is normal for most employees
C. employees work according to different requirements of machines
D. employees have to adapt to irregular work patterns and organizations
62. According to Bonier, after the training of a different sleep pattern during the weekdays, people __________.
A. resume their original sleep habits for night shifts before the training
B. tend to come back to their routine sleep patterns at weekends
C. suffer a lot when they come back home to sleep at weekends
D. enjoy the benefits of adjusting to various sleep patterns quickly
63. Which of the following is Brown's finding?
A. People should choose a sleep pattern and work according to the pattern.
B. Regular changes between day shifts and the night ones do good to workers.
C. Permanent night workers suffer no disturbed sleep or other disorders.
D. Workers act abnormally when they work on night shift every day.
64. What can be done in arranging day and night shifts in a factory?
A. Make a survey on employees' preference on different shifts.
B. Give a physical test and find those who are always energetic at nights.
C. Stick to the pattern for three months once the shifts are settled down.
D. Look for those who can adjust fast to the change of wakefulness and sleep.
65. According to the passage, body temperature__________.
A. plays a vital role in selecting people for alternative day and night shifts
B. changes every two hours during the day and every three hours during the night
C. has been used for industries in selecting people for alternative shifts
D. changes after a person has finished the training for alternative shifts
参考答案：
【参考译文】
众所周知，人类正常的日常活动周期是大概7～8小时的睡眠与大约l6～17小时的清醒状态相交替，并且，一般来说，睡眠时间通常与黑夜时间重合。我们现在关心的问题是，要改变这个周期的难易程度如何，能改变到什么程度。
这不仅仅是一个简单的学术问题。例如，[61]自动化工厂要求持续24小时的机器运转，于是，人们从白天工作改型晚上工作是否容容易，就盛了一个日益重要的问题。一个人要适应睡眠时间和清醒时间颠倒，即白天睡觉晚上工作，通常需要5天到一个星期的时间。不幸的是，在工厂里经常发生的情况是，每星期就换一次班。一个人可能有一周是从半夜12点工作到上午8点，第二周变成上午8点到下午4点，第三周又变成下午4点到半夜l2点，如此等等。这就意味着，他刚刚习惯了一种作息方式就不得不改为另一种，这样，在大部分的时间里，他都不能很有效率地工作或休息。
一种解决方法似乎是每次换班持续的时间长些，可以一个月甚至三个月换一次班。然而，[62]荷兰的博尼亚尔最近的研究表明，在周末，按照这种倒班制度工作的人会恢复他们通常的睡眠和清醒的习惯，这足以摧毁在这个星期所建立的适应任何夜班工作的习惯。
而唯一能真正解决问题的方法似乎是将夜班交给一些永久上夜班的工人。1957年，布朗针对夜班工作人员的家庭生活和健康进行了一项有趣的研究。[63]她发现昼夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊乱症高发，但在永久夜间工作的人什上并未出现这些异常症状。
[64]后面提到的这种方法看起来是最好的长期政策，但同时。我们仍可以通过挑选出那些能够最快适应日常生活习惯变化的人来缓解昼夜交替工作所带来的压力。一种了解一个人是否适应了的方法是测量他的体温。白天工作、正常作息的人在清醒的时候体温高而夜间则比较低;当他们换成晚班时，模式只会逐渐调整适应新的作息规律，而且，一般说来，其适应速度是与整个身体的适应程度是相同的，尤其是在工作表现方面。[65]因此。通过在清醒时期每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快适应颠倒的作息时间。而这可以作为挑选的基础。然而，到目前为止，这种挑选方式似乎还没有被运用到实践中。
【答案解析】
61.A
定位：根据题干信息词sleep cycle和places定位到第二段前两句。
解析：题干问对睡眠规律的研究对什么地方有实际意义。第二段首句指出，这不仅仅是一个简单的学术问题。接着说：“自动化工厂要求持续24小时的机器运转，于是，人们从白天工作改到晚上工作是否容易，就成了一个日益重要的问题。”因此在自动化工厂，这项研究具有实际意义。A项中automatic machines与原文中的automation对应，故为答案。
62.B
定位：根据题干信息词Bonier定位到第三段第二句。
解析：本句阐述Bonjer的研究结果时指出：“……在周末，按照这种倒班制度工作的人会恢复他们通常的睡眠和清醒的习惯，这足以摧毁在这个星期所建立的适应任何夜班工作的习惯。”由此可知，员工们工作日培养出来的倒班睡眠习惯，在周末又恢复到以前的睡眠习惯了。故B项与原文相符，为本题答案。
63.C
定位：根据题干信息词Brown定位到第四段后两句。
解析：前面一句提到了Brown，后一句接着说Brown发现“昼夜交替工作的人中，睡眠失常和其他紊乱症高发，但在永久夜间工作的人身上并未出现这些异常症状”。故C项与原文相符，为正确答案。D项与原文意思相悖;A项和B项原文均未提及。
64.D
定位：根据题干信息词arranging day and night shifts定位到第五段第一句。
解析：题干问工厂应如何安排倒班。根据该句可知：“……我们仍可以通过挑选出那些能够最快适应日常生活习惯变化的人来缓解昼夜交替工作所带来的压力。”因此应选那些最快适应变化的人，D项与文意吻合，故为答案。
65.A
定位：根据题干信息词body temperature定位到第五段倒数第二句。
解析：本句指出：“因此，通过在清醒时期每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快适应颠倒的作息时间，而这可以作为挑选的基础。”因此体温对挑选倒班的人选很重要，故A项为正确答案。C项与文意相悖;B项和D项原文均未提及。
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