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2015年6月大学生英语六级考试阅读题预测（一）
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes.
Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out
to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and the family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old eople were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
56. According to the author, the universal employment has__________.
A. turned out not to be the best form of jobs
B. created an alternative form of jobs
C. built tbe foundation of an economic leap
D. failed to produce job opportunities for most people
57. Modern forms of transportation have greatly encouraged__________.
A. the phenomenon of deprivation of employees' leisure time
B. the disconnection between people's work and their family life
C. the commutation between the working places and employees' homes
D. people's desire to work far away from where they were born
58. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .
A. women could have been more productive than men in a proper job system
B. work in pre-industrial times has been distributed evenly between men and women
C. paid employment has aroused serious social problems in current society
D. women have been treated unfairly under the employment system of industrial age
59. What is the problem for the young under the employment system?
A. They are less likely to compete with the aged.
B. They are much worried about the generation gap.
C. They axe more likely to suffer from unemployment.
D. Their academic performances seem useless for job hunting.
60. What is the possible change of job forms?
A. Full-time employment will not be the dominant form of work.
B. Most people can work at home and for themselves.
C. The differences between men and women will disappear.
D. All people get equal job opportunities and equal pay
参考答案：
Passage One
【参考译文】
民意测验现已表明：虽然人们并不情愿却一致认为，无论应谴责谁，也无论从今以后会发生什么事情，失业率居高不下的形势很可能不会改变。这意味着我们应去寻找办法来更广泛地分享可利用的就业资源。
但是我们需要进行更深入的探究。我们必须就工作的未来问一些基本问题。我们是否应该继续把雇佣关系当做准则?我们难道就不应该鼓励有自尊心的人通过许多其他方式就业吗?难道我们就不应该创造条件使我们当中的许多人能够为自己工作，而不是为老板 打工吗?难道除了工厂和办公室之外，我们就不应该使自家和街坊邻里重新成为生产和工作的中心吗?
工业时代是人类历史上唯一一个把大部分人的工作以就业的形式固定下来的时期。现在，工业时代或许即将结束，它给我们的工作模式带来的一些改变可能需要被推翻。这个想法似乎令人望而却步。[56]但事实上。它可以提供更好的就业前景。从历史来看，全民就业并不意味着经济上的自由。
在17、18世纪，圈地运动剥夺了人们的土地使用权，也因此剥夺了他们谋生的手段，使得很多人依靠带薪工作，雇佣关系变得广为盛行。接着，工厂系统摧毁了作坊手工业，并使人们的工作脱离了家庭。[57]后来随着交通的发展，人们先是通过铁路，而后公路，在住所和工笠地之间进行更长距离的往返，直到最终，很多人的工作与他们的家庭生活以及居住地之间失去了联系。
[58]同时，雇佣关系也使女性处于不利的地位。在工业化以前的时代，男人和女人一起分担家庭和村庄社区的生产工作。现在，谱遍的情况变成了丈夫出去工作赚钱：然后把没有报酬的家务活和照顾家庭的任务留给妻子。今天，在税收和福利管理方面仍是如此，限制男女之间更自由地分担工作角色。
不仅仅是女性的工作地位深受其害。[59]随着雇佣关系成为主导的工作形式，年轻人和老年人也受到了排盐——现在，随着越来越多的年轻人对学校感到失望，越来越多的退休人员想过更积极活跃的生活，这就成了一个问题。
所有这一切或许现在都需要改变。[60]现在我们的确要转变某些努力和资源，放弃为所有人创造工作的空想目标，将精力投入到这个紧迫而又实际的任务主——叠助大多数人能够不靠全职工作而生活下去。
【答案解析】
56.A
定位：根据题干中的信息词the universal employment定位到文章第二段最后两句。
解析：本段最后两句在评述工业时代和全民就业的关系时提到“但事实上，它可以提供更好的就业前景。从历史来看，全民就业并不意味着经济上的自由。”由此可推断，全民就业并非工业时代的最佳就业模式，因为该就业模式并未带来经济上的自由。因此正确答案为A。
57.B
定位：根据题干中的信息词transportation定位到第三段最后一句。
解析：题干问现代交通方式极大地鼓励了什么。第三段最后一句指出，后来随着交通的发展，人们先是通过铁路，而后公路，在住所和工作地之间进行更长距离的往返，直到最终，很多人的工作与他们的家庭生活以及居住地之间失去了联系。由此可见，交通的发展最终使得人们的工作与他们的生活和居住地不再有关系，故B项是正确答案，其中disconnection是原文lost all connection的同义转述。文中虽提到commute，即通勤的问题，但只是说交通的发展使得人们在住所和工作地之间进行更长距离的往返，并没有丝毫鼓励这种通勤方式的意思，故C项排除。文中说人们由于工作而远离了他们生活的地方.这是客观的情况，并不是人们的主观渴望，D项错误。A项文中未提及。
58.D
定位：三个选项都含有信息词men或women，据此定位到第四段。
解析：该段首句指出，工业时代的就业模式使女性处于不利地位，接着就这一主题进行论述，在第三句指出，现在，普遍的情况变成了丈夫出去工作赚钱，然后把没有报酬的家务活和照顾家庭的任务留给妻子。由此可见，工业时代的就业模式未能公平地对待妇女。故D项为正确答案。虽然工业时代就业模式对待妇女不公平，但并不能因此推断出在工业化以前的时代工作是男女平均分配的.原文只是说那时男人和女人一起分担家庭和村庄社区的生产工作，该表述过于绝对，故B项被排除。其他两项文中未提及。
59.C
定位：根据题干中的信息词meyoun9定位到第五段第二句。
解析：第五段第二句指出，随着雇佣关系成为主导的工作形式，年轻人和老年人也受到了排挤一现在，随着越来越多的年轻人对学校感到失望……由此可见在雇佣体制下，年轻人不容易找到工作，故C项为正确答案。本句虽提到年轻人对学校失望，但并没有说他们的学业成绩对找工作没有用处，因此D项可排除。选项A和B文中并未提及。
60.A
定位：根据题干中的信息词change和job forms定位到最后一段最后一句。
解析：该句指出，现在我们的确要转变某些努力和资源，放弃为所有人创造工作的空想目标，将精力投入到这个紧迫而又实际的任务中——帮助大多数人能够不靠全职工作而生活下去。由此可见，为所有人创造全职工作的做法将会被改变，故正确答案为A项。题干中的change与原文switch…to…对应。
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