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四六级英语谚语翻译的正确方法
在生活、工作和学习中，大家或多或少都接触过一些经典的谚语吧，谚语一般是通过口头传播，流传下来的。你知道民间谚语都有哪些吗？下面是小编帮大家整理的四六级英语谚语翻译的正确方法，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
突破四六级英语谚语翻译的正确方法
英语考试里，翻译是座大山;翻译大山上，谚语绝对是座峭峰。谚语是语言的重要组成部分，在汉语里是如此，在英语里也一样。作为最生动、最精炼的语言，也恰恰是最不容易翻译的部分之一。如果能够成功翻过这座大山，其他部分的翻译自然不成问题，还能丰富我们的英语词汇，提高整体的英语表达能力。
翻译的标准有很多，"形神兼备"是最高标准，但由于英汉文化上的差异，翻译中的"形似"和"神似"往往不可兼得，所以就以能揭示原文本质的"神似"的标准为主。在翻译英语谚语时我们必须全面考虑到其语言特征和文化背景，灵活地运用多种翻译方法，力求准确表达原文的意义，全面正确理解谚语的深刻内涵。
直译法
由于大多数谚语都是采用生动形象的比喻，只要是在考生能理解的范围内，都应该尽量使用直译法，把原文的内容、形式和精神都输入到译文中去，给阅读者以"原汁原味"的感觉。例如：
1、In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.
(盲人国中，独眼称雄。)
2、Half a loaf is better than no bread.
(有半块面包总比没有好。)
3、As a long road tests a horse's strength, so a long task proves a
person's heart.
(路遥知马力，日久见人心。)
4、Barking dogs seldom bite.
(爱叫的狗不咬人。)
5、Don't do unto others what you don't want others do unto you.
(己所不欲勿施于人。)
6、A wise fox will never rob his neighbour's hen roost.
(聪明的狐狸，不偷邻里。)
意译法
也有一部分谚语由于英汉语言结构和文化背景的差异，无法进行直译。这时，我们就没必要追求原文的字面意义和形式了，而是把原文的内存含义译出来。如果硬是进行直译，反而会使译文读者不知所云，或使译文牵强附会。例如：
1、A good dog deserves a good bone.
(有功者受赏。)
2、Every dog has his day.
(凡人皆有得意日。)
3、When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.
(两雄相争，其斗必烈。)
4、Every man has a fool in his sleeve.
(每个人都有糊涂的时候。)
5、A loss may turn out to be a gain.
(塞翁失马，安知非福?)
6、A good conscience is a soft pillow.
(不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。)
直译兼意译法
有些谚语既不好完全直译，也不好完全意译。这时就应该用直译兼意译法。例如：
1、Until all is over, ambition never dies.
(不到黄河心不死。)
2、Lifting a rock only to have his own toes squashed.
(搬起石头打自己的脚。)
3、Birds of a feather flock together.
(物以类聚。)
4、Man proposes, God disposes.
(谋事在人，成事在天。)
5、 Facts speak louder than words.
(事实胜于雄辩。)
6、All occupations are base, only book-learning is exalted.
(万般皆下品，唯有读书高。)
套译法
英语和汉语中有不少非常相似或相近的谚语。对这些对等或基本对等的谚语，我们可采用套译的方法，一方面可使译文更加通顺，另一方面更容易让人理解。例如：
1、 Enough is as good as a feast.
(知足常乐。)
2、A word spoken is past recalling.
(一言既出，驷马难追。)
3、When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
(入乡随俗)
4、Teach others by your example.
(以身作则。)
5、What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.
(失之东隅，收之桑榆)
6、 Great minds think alike.
四六级英语谚语翻译的正确方法
(英雄所见略同。)谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型：“形同意合”的口译、“形似意合”的口译、“形异意合”的口译。下面分别介绍这三种谚语。
形同意合
英语和汉语两种语言中都有许多“形”同“意”合的谚语。例如：
英语的“A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.”与汉语的“吃一堑，长一智”，其形其意都极为吻合。两种语言中存在着形意相合的谚语，这对译员来说，无疑是可喜可慰的。
以下各例谚语的英汉对照，无论是选词还是表意，英汉语都极为相近：
Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩
Money can't buy time.寸金难买寸光阴
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母
To teach is to learn. 教学相长
Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败
Fish in troubled waters.浑水摸鱼
Business is business.公事公办
The style is the man.文如其人
More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同
Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行
Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。
Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施
Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待/岁月无情
A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
Health is better than wealth.家有万贯财，不如一身健。
Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻
In time of peace prepare for war.居安当思危
The tongue cuts the throat.祸从口出/言多必失
Out of sight, out of mind. /Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见为净
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成眷属
Friends must part.聚散离合总有时/天下无不散之宴席
The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘，后事之师。/前车之覆，后车之鉴。
形似意合
英汉语言中有许多谚语虽然“形”有所不同，但表意却有惊人的相似之处，例如英语中有“Love me, love my dog.”—语，汉语里也有“爱屋及乌”之说。对反应较快的口译人员来说，这类谚语的转译通常比较容易应付。
以下各例均属这类谚语：
Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕/一石双鸟
Speak of the devil (and he will appear).说到曹操，曹操到。
A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火
Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡儆猴
Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草惊蛇
Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧
A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追。
Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。
In for a penny, in for a pound. 一不做，二不休。
There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪
Have a card up one’s sleeve.胸有成竹
His bark is worse than his bite.有口无心
Put the cart before the horse.本末倒置
Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金装，人要衣装。
As a man sows, so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
Much will have more.得陇望蜀/得寸进尺
The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主
He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头，卖狗肉。
Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深
The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝
There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草
Diamond cut diamond.强中更有强中手
He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀
Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短，吃了嘴软。
Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.不要恩将仇报
Dogs bite in every country.天下乌鸦一般黑
Peace on the forehead and war in the mind. 口蜜腹剑
Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲，暗箭难防。
Do one thing under cover of another.明修栈道，暗度陈仓。
The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.心有余而力不足
Little strokes fell great oaks.滴水穿石/只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。
Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
All roads lead to Rome. / All rivers run into the sea.殊途同归
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子余斗
The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志
It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡首，无为牛后。
It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace. /Better die with honor than live with shame.宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。
形异意合
译员遇到第三类谚语时，常常会因“形”生“意”，造成误译。例如英语谚语“A horse stumbles that has four legs.”，若将其直译成“有四条腿的马会失蹄”，这自然会让听者不知所云，甚至会产生一种莫名其妙的感觉。对于这类谚语的翻译，应采取“形相远而意相近”的译法，即以完全不同的词语将甲方语句的寓意准确地传达给乙方。如果我们将上例“A horse stumbles that has four legs.”译成“人非圣贤，孰能无过”或“金无足赤，人无完人”，不失为成功的处理方法。汉译后，其形虽变，然其意仍存。
以下各例谚语的双解均体现了“形相远而意相近”的翻译原则：
A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。
A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做贼心虚
All your swans are geese.事与愿违
Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成
Take things as they come.既来之，则安之。
A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水
Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动
Names are debts.树大招风
Common fame is a liar.盛名之下，其实难副。
Many kiss the baby for the nurse’s sake.醉翁之意不在酒
Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗
Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟/覆水难收
True blue will never stain.真金不怕火炼
Everybody's business is nobody's business.三个和尚没水喝
The moon is not seen when the sun shines.小巫见大巫
Penny wise and pound foolish.因小失大
He knows most who speaks least. /Still water runs deep.大智若愚
As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果
The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑百步
Short pleasure, long lament. 一失足成千古恨
Don't count the chicken before they are hatched.请勿盲目乐观
What is done by night appears by day.若要人不知，除非己莫为。
Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？
Misfortune might be a blessing in disguise.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。
What we lose in hake we shall have in herring.失之东隅，收之桑榆。
Stick together through thick and thin.有福同享，有祸同当。/患难与共/风雨同舟
Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。
A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐/有意栽花花不开，无心插柳柳成荫。
A leopard cannot change its spots. / You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易改，本性难移。
Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。/随遇而安。/车到山前必有路
Accidents will happen. /Every tide has its ebb.天有不测之风云，人有旦夕之祸福。
Even Homer sometimes nods. /The best horse stumbles.智者千虑，必有一失。
Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。/修炼成仙， 非一日之功。
The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
A little leak will sink a great ship. /A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不补，大洞吃苦。/亡羊补牢。
其他
当然，掌握了以上3种谚语的翻译方法并不等于可以翻译所有谚语的。有些谚语的翻译需要译员“转形解意”，而有些谚语的翻译需要“以不变应万变”，以保其“原汁原味”。例如：
Silence is golden.沉默是金
A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔
One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕不成夏
All is not gold that glitters.闪闪发光物,并非皆金子。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林，不如一鸟在手。
A bird is known by its note and a man by his talk.闻啼知鸟，闻言知人。
除了谚语之外，成语、习语、歇后语、诗句等语句的临场翻译也是译员颇感棘手的问题。以上所述的有关谚语的口译方法有“举一反三”之意。一般说来，译员在充分理解有关词语所含寓意的情况下，可采用意译或半意译的方法，只需将词语的意思传译过去即可。
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