鲁迅原名周树人浙江人是我国现代伟大的文学家思想家革命家，思考课文前半部分主要论述什么和拿来主义有什么关系，而发扬国光则是反语实为送去即媚外求荣，这是反语表现了作者对送去主义的嘲讽。
拿来主义讲稿
鲁迅，原名周树人，浙 江人，是我国现代伟大的文学家、思想家、革命家。他一生有大量的创作，对我国现代文学的发展有巨大的影响。作品主要有:
短篇小说集:《呐喊》、彷徨》、
散文诗集: 《野草》
散文集：《朝花夕拾》
杂文集：《而已集》、《且介亭杂文》、《华盖集》
２０世纪３０年代,国民党政府奉行卖国主义政策,实行反革命文化“围剿”,主张“全盘西化”.在左翼文艺队伍中,一些人反对继承旧文化,反对吸收外国文化,造成思想混乱.鲁迅先生就写下了这篇杂文,批驳了错误思潮,提倡“拿来主义”.
1、思考：“拿来”的观点是在哪一段提出来地，是从哪一段开始阐述的？
第2段点到“拿来”后，第5、6段再次点到，直到第7段，才开始正面阐述“拿来主义”这一主张
2、思考：课文前半部分主要论述什么？和“拿来主义”有什么关系？
明确：课文前半部分主要批判“送去主义”，为正面提出“拿来主义”作铺垫。
1、 思考：课文1～4段，作者是从哪些方面对“送去主义”进行批判的？
指出它的来源—闭关主义；表现—送古董，送画，送梅兰芳博士；实质—媚外；危害—讨残羹冷炙（经济衰败）、任凭“抛给“（丧失主权）。
思考：对“送去主义”，作者进行了辛辣的讽刺，阅读课文，找出这些语句，结合语境，联系历史背景，揣摩其感情色彩。
（1）还有几位“大师”们捧着几张古画和新画，在欧洲各国一路的挂过去，叫做“发扬国光”。“捧”“挂”两个惟妙惟肖的动作描写，极尽奚落意味。而“发扬国光”则是反语，实为“送去”，即媚外求荣。
（2）……也可以算得显出一点进步了。反语，实为“倒退”。
（3）……一者见得丰富，二者见得大度。“丰富”本指物品多，“大度”本指气度宽宏，毫不计较。反动政府实际并不“丰富”，也无力“大度”，这里运用反语。
“本段最后一句“活人代替了古董，我敢说，也可以算得显出一点进步了”，其中“进步”一词用了什么修辞方法？表达作者什么样的感情？
这是反语，表现了作者对“送去主义”的嘲讽
你还能从本段的哪些语句上体会出对“送来主义”嘲讽的感情？
“大师”、“捧着”、“儿张”“一路挂过去”、“发扬国光”、“传道”等都表现出嘲讽的感情。
读第3、4两段，想想“送去”是什么意思？一味送出去究竟有什么坏处？
送去：指国民党政府所奉行的媚外卖国政策和出卖领土主权等种种罪恶行径。
尼采；只是给与，不想取得；没有好结果，发了疯。
送去主义；只想送去，不想拿来；中国永远贫穷落后。
说说“抛来”、“抛给”、“送来”各指什么意思
“抛给”、“送来”：指帝国主义为了进行经济和文化侵略，向中国倾销剩余物资，传播资本主义腐朽文化的阴谋罪恶。
“抛来”是指把无用的东西抛弃掉，或无代价的送人或施舍。一句不要误解为“抛来”的东西，把“抛来”和“抛给”之间的善恶分得十分清楚。
送来”和“拿来”有什么不同?用一句话说明怎样 “拿”?
“送来”不等于“拿来”.
“送来”是被动接受,而“拿来”是主动获取;
“送来”的是帝国主义剩余的东西,而“拿来”的是经过挑选的有用的东西.
我们要运用脑子,放出眼光,自己来拿
-------有思考有鉴别有选择
背景介绍了本文主要谈对待文化遗产的态度问题，可是8、9两段只字未提-文化遗产，却谈什么大宅了之类的问题。请同学们再仔细阅读第9段，把这一段内容与批判地继承文化遗产联系起来，想想大宅子、鱼翅、鸦片、烟枪和烟灯、姨太太分别指什么事物。
大宅子指文化遗产
鱼翅指文化遗产中精华部分
鸦片指文化遗产中精华与糟粕互见，必须区别对待，批判吸收的部分
烟枪和烟灯-指文化遗产中的旧形式
姨太太比喻那些腐朽的、有害无益的东西
对精华部分（大宅子鱼翅）应取什么态度？课文中哪句话表现作者的这种主张？
吸收。
只要有养料，也和朋友们像萝卜白菜一样的吃掉。
对文化遗产中精华、糟粕互见的部分（鸦片）应采取什么态度？读出课文中表现作者这种主张的句子。 批判地吸收。
只送到药房里去，以供治病之用，却不弄'出售存膏，售完即止'的玄虚。
对文化遗产中的旧形式（烟枪和烟灯）应取什么态度？读出课文中表现作者这种主张的句子。
留一点作历史的反面教材，绝大多数应当清除 。除了送一点进博物馆之外，其余的是大可以毁掉的了。
对文化遗产中的糟粕（姨太太）应采取什么态度？读出课文中表现作者这种主张的句子。
坚决抛弃
大可以请她们各自走散为是
对待文化遗产有几种不同的态度？各有什么表现？其实质是什么？
怕被染污，徘徊不敢走进门
勃然大怒，放一把火烧光
欣欣然蹩进卧室，大吸鸦片
“大宅子”比喻什么?对待文化遗产,文章一共列举了几种态度?是怎样说理的?
我们究竟应当怎样对待文化遗产呢？
总之，我们要拿来。
2）、对文化遗产应当怎样区别对待呢？
我们要或使用，或存放，或毁灭。
（3）、正确继承文化遗产有什么积极作用？
那么，主人是新主人，宅子也就会成为新宅子。
（4）、“正确对待文化遗产”对我们提出了什么要求？
然而首先要这人沉着，勇猛，有辨别，不自私。
（5）、实行“拿来主义”有什么重要性和迫切性？
没有拿来的，人不能自成为新人，没有拿来的，文艺不能自成为新文艺。
本段总结了全文，指出了实行“拿来主义”的人应当有的胆识和品质，以及“拿来主义”对创造民族文化的重要意义。
现在我们一起回顾一下文章。作者开始先批判了“送去主义”，边批判边树立自己的观点，然后以生动的比喻阐述了“拿来主义”如何对待文化遗产，最后对全文作了总结，明确了实行“拿来主义”对于创造民族文化的重要意义和实行“拿来主义”的人必须具备的品质。
第一部分、（1-7段）批判送去主义，树立自己的观点。
第二部分（8-9段）阐明“拿来主义”的具体内容。
第三部分（第10段）总结全文，并提出实行“拿来主义”的人应具有的条件，以及实行“拿来主义”的重要性和紧迫性
本文的中心思想不只是谈对待文化遗产问题这一个方面，请同学们归纳本文中心。要求内容完整，语言通顺。
①批判国民党反动政府的卖国政策，
②批判对待文化遗产的错误态度，
③阐明对文化遗产的正确主张，④指出正确对待文化遗产的必要性。
有人说“开卷有益”,也有人说“开卷未必有益”,似乎都有一定的道理.面对古今中外浩如烟海的书籍,运用今天所学的观点,谈谈你准备怎样阅读.
.“拿来主义”的思想,含义深远,于我们的学习,生活,工作都有很大的指导作用.比如,生活中,我们交朋友,就是一个很现实的问题.请用“拿来主义”的观点说明我们应怎样结交朋友.
SCI投稿信件的一些套话 拿来主义
一、投稿信
1. Dear Dr. Defendi ML:
I am sending a manuscript entitled “” by – which I should like to submit for possible publication in the journal of - .
Yours sincerely
2. Dear Dr. A:
Enclosed is a manuscript entitled “” by sb, which we are submitting for publication in the journal of - . We have chosen this journal because it deals with - . We believe that sth would be of interest to the journal’s readers.
3. Dear Dr. A:
Please find enclosed for your review an original research article, “” by sb. All authors have read and approve this version of the article, and due care has been taken to ensure the integrity of the work. No part of this paper has published or submitted elsewhere. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and we have attached to this letter the signed letter granting us permission to use Figure 1 from another source.
We appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forward to receiving comments from the reviewers.
二、询问有无收到稿件
Dear Editors,
We dispatched our manuscript to your journal on 3 August 2006 but have not, as yet, receive acknowledgement of their safe arrival. We fear that may have been lost and should be grateful if you would let us know whether or not you have received them. If not, we will send our manuscript again. Thank you in advance for your help.
三、询问论文审查回音
Dear Editors，
It is more than 12 weeks since I submitted our manuscript (No: ) for possible publication in your journal. I have not yet received a reply and am wondering whether you have reached a decision. I should appreciated your letting me know what you have decided as soon as possible.
四、关于论文的总体审查意见
1. This is a carefully done study and the findings are of considerable interest. A few minor revision are list below.
2. This is a well-written paper containing interesting results which merit publication. For the benefit of the reader, however, a number of points need clarifying and certain statements require further justification. There are given below.
3. Although these observation are interesting, they are rather limited and do not advance our knowledge of the subject sufficiently to warrant publication in PNAS. We suggest that the authors try submitting their findings to specialist journal such as –
4. Although this paper is good, it would be ever better if some extra data were added.
5. This manuscript is not suitable for publication in the journal of – because the main observation it describe was reported 3 years ago in a reputable journal of - .
6. Please ask someone familiar with English language to help you rewrite this paper. As you will see, I have made some correction at the beginning of the paper where some syntax is not satisfactory.
7. We feel that this potentially interesting study has been marred by an inability to communicate the finding correctly in English and should li
ke to suggest that the authors seek the advice of someone with a good knowledge of English, preferable native speaker.
8. The wording and style of some section, particularly those concerning HPLC, need careful editing. Attention should be paid to the wording of those parts of the Discussion of and Summary which have been underlined.
9. Preliminary experiments only have been done and with exception of that summarized in Table 2, none has been repeated. This is clearly unsatisfactory, particularly when there is so much variation between assays.
10. The condition of incubation are poorly defined. What is the temperature? Were antibody used?
五、给编辑的回信
1. In reply to the referee’s main criticism of paper, it is possible to say that –
One minor point raised by the referee concerns of the extra composition of the reaction mixture in Figure 1. This has now been corrected. Further minor changes had been made on page 3, paragraph 1 (line 3-8) and 2 (line 6-11). These do not affect our interpretation of the result.
2. I have read the referee’s comments very carefully and conclude that the paper has been rejected on the sole grounds that it lake toxicity data. I admit that I did not include a toxicity table in my article although perhaps I should have done. This was for the sake of brevity rather than an error or omission.
3. Thank you for your letter of – and for the referee’s comments concerning our manuscript entitled “”. We have studied their comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with their approval.
4. I enclosed a revised manuscript which includes a report of additional experiments done at the referee’s suggestion. You will see that our original findings are confirmed.
5. We are sending the revised manuscript according to the comments of the reviewers. Revised portion are underlined in red.
6. We found the referee’s comments most helpful and have revised the manuscript
7. We are pleased to note the favorable comments of reviewers in their opening sentence.
8. Thank you for your letter. I am very pleased to learn that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Cancer Research with minor revision.
9. We have therefore completed a further series of experiments, the result of which are summarized in Table 5. From this we conclude that intrinsic factor is not account.
10. We deleted the relevant passage since they are not essential to the contents of the paper.
11. I feel that the reviewer’s comments concerning Figures 1 and 2 result from a misinterpretation of the data.
12. We would have include a non-protein inhibitor in our system, as a control, if one had been available.
13. We prefer to retain the use of Table 4 for reasons that it should be clear from the new paragraph inserted at the end of the Results section.
14. Although reviewer does not consider it is important to measure the temperature of the cells, we consider it essential.
15. The running title has been
changed to “”.
16. The Materials and Methods section now includes details for measuring uptake of isotope and assaying hexokinase.
17. The concentration of HAT media (page12 paragraph 2) was incorrectly stated in the original manuscript. This has been rectified. The authors are grateful to the referees for pointing out their error.
18. As suggested by both referees, a discussion of the possibility of laser action on chromosome has been included (page16, paragraph 2).
19. We included a new set of photographs with better definition than those originally submitted and to which a scale has been added.
20. Following the suggestion of the referees, we have redraw Figure 3 and 4.
21. Two further papers, published since our original submission, have been added to the text and Reference section. These are:
22. We should like to thank the referees for their helpful comments and hope that we have now produced a more balance and better account of our work. We trust that the revised manuscript is acceptable for publication.
23. I greatly appreciate both your help and that of the referees concerning improvement to this paper. I hope that the revised manuscript is now suitable for publication.
24. I should like to expremy appreciation to you and the referees for suggesting how to improve our paper.
25. I apologize for the delay in revising the manuscript. This was due to our doing an additional experiment, as suggested by referees.
九年级《拿来主义》说课稿
各位老师，大家好！
下面，我将从教材分析，学情分析，教学目标、重点、难点，教法与学法，教学过程，板书与作业六个方面对《拿来主义》一课进行说课。
一、说教材
1、《高中语文新课标》要求：
对作品进行感受、品味、领悟、体验和思考。
2、《2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》要求：论述类文
本阅读考查学生理解能力及分析综合能力。其中理解字词部分作为预习内容，课堂设计了一个预习检测环节，分析综合能力要求：
（1）筛选并整合文中的信息。
（2）分析文章结构，把握文章思路。
（3）归纳内容要点，概括中心意思。
（4）分析概括作者在文中的观点态度。
3、教材地位：
本课为必修四阅读与鉴赏部分第三单元教学内容。本单元为随笔与杂文单元。《拿来主义》一文是高中教材继《纪念刘和珍君》、《祝福》之后伟大文学家鲁迅的一篇杂文作品，是中学教材的传统篇目之一，有现实借鉴意义。从近几年高考试题看，论述类文本阅读必不可少。通过学习，让学生提高分析综合能力。
4、文本简介：
本文发表于1934年6月。文章针对国民党反动派的卖国主义政策和一些人对待文化遗产的错误态度，运用了幽默讽刺的语言，比喻论证的方法，阐明了批判继承文化遗产的基本原理和方法，指出了正确的继承和借鉴，乃是建设民族新文化必不可少的条件。
根据《新课标》、《考纲要求》，结合单元教学目标，确定《拿来主义》一文的教学目标，重、难点，并通过教法设计，教学过程展示及课后作业布置，完成教学目标任务。
二、说学情
本课的教学对象为高一年级学生，他们对鲁迅并不陌生，通过《纪念刘和珍君》、《自嘲》诗及《祝福》等的学习，对鲁迅生平、作品及作品语言特点已有了解。本课只作简单的提示，但杂文属于论述类文本，对其阅读与鉴赏学生兴趣不浓，需要重点点拨。
三、说教学目标、重点、难点。
（一）三维目标：
1、知识与能力：
（1）提高学生阅读筛选有效信息的能力。
（2）学习从文章结构入手，理清思路。
2、过程与方法：
运用故事导入，合作探究与启发引导相结合，并运用多媒体辅助教学。
3、情感态度与价值观：
树立正确的文化价值观。激励学生要有拿出无愧于时代的优秀成果的勇气。
（二）教学重点：
理清本文的结构。
（三）教学难点：
论证方法、文化价值观的确立。
四、说教法与学法
阅读鉴赏本文，以教师为指导，以学生为主体，以朗读——探究——启发引导为主线，培养学生阅读杂文的能力。针对教学实际，重点采用了故事导入，朗读教学，合作探究，启发引导等方法进行教学活动。
五、说教学过程
1、布置课前预习，让学生明白写作背景，掌握字音、读音，理解成语、熟语意义。
为阅读鉴赏文本扫清障碍。
2、由马克·吐温的故事导课。
3、出示学习目标。
4、预习检测。
5、探究一（幻灯片5）
通过探究让学生明白（幻灯片6）
6、探究二（幻灯片7）
通过探究让学生明白（幻灯片8）
7、拓展延伸（幻灯片9）
运用启发引导法，教师总结让学生明白（幻灯片10）
8、写作提炼（幻灯片11）
六、说板书设计及作业
1、板书力求简洁精练，按讲课思路，进行课堂小结，使学生更好
地掌握课堂内容。
闭关主义——落后挨打 （排外）
拿破对
来送去主义—— 亡国灭种（媚外） 比
主 因果关系孱头 论
义破：对待大宅子的态度 昏蛋 证
立拿来主义 （比喻论证）废物
立：拿来主义者：占有、挑癣创新
2、作业：
既落实课堂内容，又是对课堂内容的补充与延伸。
（1）近百年来，我们从外国“拿来”了什么？还有哪些东西可
以“拿来”？有何东西可以“拿去”？请以小组为单位进行
讨论，然后写成一篇短文。
（2）课外阅读马克·吐温相关作品，比较其作品与鲁迅作品语
言风格。
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